The Greek, Latin, Ge’ez, and Hebrew that is translated with «joy» or «gladness» in English is translated with various strategies:
- Baoulé: «a song in the stomach» (see also peace (inner peace))
- Bambara: «the spirit is made sweet»
- Kpelle: «sweet heart»
- Tzeltal: «the good taste of one’s heart»
- Uduk: «good to the stomach»
- Mískito: «the liver is wide open» («happily letting the pleasures flooding in upon it») (source for this and above: Nida 1952)
- Mairasi: «good liver» (source: Enggavoter 2004)
- Noongar: koort-kwabba-djil or «heart very good» (source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
- Chicahuaxtla Triqui: «refreshed heart» (source: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.).
- Hausa Common Language Bible: farin ciki or «white stomach.» Other languages that use the same expression include Southern Birifor (pʋpɛl), Dera (popolok awo), Reshe (ɾipo ɾipuhã). (Source: Andy Warren-Rothlin)
See also Seat of the Mind for traditional views of «ways of knowing, thinking, and feeling,» happiness / joy, and exceeding joy.