Language-specific Insights

sin

The Hebrew, Ge’ez, and Greek that is typically translated as “sin” in English has a wide variety of translations.

The Greek ἁμαρτάνω (hamartanō) carries the original verbatim meaning of “miss the mark” and likewise, many translations contain the “connotation of moral responsibility.”

  • Loma: “leaving the road” (which “implies a definite standard, the transgression of which is sin”)
  • Navajo (Dinė): “that which is off to the side” (source for this and above: Bratcher / Nida)
  • Toraja-Sa’dan: kasalan, originally meaning “transgression of a religious or moral rule” and in the context of the Bible “transgression of God’s commandments” (source: H. van der Veen in The Bible Translator 1950, p. 21ff. )
  • Kaingang: “break God’s word”
  • Bariai: “bad behavior” (source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Sandawe: “miss the mark” (like the original meaning of the Greek term) (source for this and above: Ursula Wiesemann in Holzhausen / Riderer 2010, p. 36ff., 43)
  • Nias: horö, originally a term primarily used for sexual sin. (Source: Hummel / Telaumbanua 2007, p. 256)
  • Mauwake: “heavy” (compare forgiveness as “take away one’s heaviness”) (source: Kwan Poh San in this article )

In Shipibo-Conibo the term is hocha. Nida (1952, p. 149) tells the story of its choosing: “In some instances a native expression for sin includes many connotations, and its full meaning must be completely understood before one ever attempts to use it. This was true, for example, of the term hocha first proposed by Shipibo-Conibo natives as an equivalent for ‘sin.’ The term seemed quite all right until one day the translator heard a girl say after having broken a little pottery jar that she was guilty of ‘hocha.’ Breaking such a little jar scarcely seemed to be sin. However, the Shipibos insisted that hocha was really sin, and they explained more fully the meaning of the word. It could be used of breaking a jar, but only if the jar belonged to someone else. Hocha was nothing more nor less than destroying the possessions of another, but the meaning did not stop with purely material possessions. In their belief God owns the world and all that is in it. Anyone who destroys the work and plan of God is guilty of hocha. Hence the murderer is of all men most guilty of hocha, for he has destroyed God’s most important possession in the world, namely, man. Any destructive and malevolent spirit is hocha, for it is antagonistic and harmful to God’s creation. Rather than being a feeble word for some accidental event, this word for sin turned out to be exceedingly rich in meaning and laid a foundation for the full presentation of the redemptive act of God.”

In Warao it is translated as “bad obojona.” Obojona is a term that “includes the concepts of consciousness, will, attitude, attention and a few other miscellaneous notions.” (Source: Henry Osborn in The Bible Translator 1969, p. 74ff. ). See other occurrences of Obojona in the Warao New Testament.

Martin Ehrensvärd, one of the translators for the Danish Bibelen 2020, comments on the translation of this term: “We would explain terms, such that e.g. sin often became ‘doing what God does not want’ or ‘breaking God’s law’, ‘letting God down’, ‘disrespecting God’, ‘doing evil’, ‘acting stupidly’, ‘becoming guilty’. Now why couldn’t we just use the word sin? Well, sin in contemporary Danish, outside of the church, is mostly used about things such as delicious but unhealthy foods. Exquisite cakes and chocolates are what a sin is today.” (Source: Ehrensvärd in HIPHIL Novum 8/2023, p. 81ff. )

See also sinner.

complete verse (1 Timothy 2:15)

Following are a number of back-translations of 1 Timothy 2:15:

  • Uma: “That’s why women endure suffering in their childbearing. But even so, they will get goodness [often means salvation] if they keep believing in the Lord, keep loving others, and live holy according to good customs.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “But women are saved in their giving-birth-to-(children) if their trust in Isa Almasi is steadfast and if they love their companions and their liver is clean. And their behavior ought to be good.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “But inspite of that, women can be freed from punishment just the same by means of bearing children if they not let go of their faith and their holding their companions dear, and doing what God wants them to do, and their arranging properly all of their behavior.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “This is the reason that women are hardshipped in giving-birth, but they will be saved nevertheless provided they continue to believe and to love their companions and follow a holy way-of-life while at the same time they exercise-carefulness/prudence in what they are doing.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “But even though it’s like this now, that women are under the curse of God, they will indeed by saved without mishap when giving birth, provided they hold fast to their belief, value their fellowman and put far away all sin, and live a life of self control.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “But the woman will save her soul if she does the work given her by God in raising children. It is just that she must have faith, love her fellowman, live good. She must not be proud.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
  • Danish (1948): “But she shall be saved through the fulfillment of her call as a mother – if they hold on to faith and love and holiness with respectability.”
  • Danish (1992): “But she shall be saved through the childbirth – if they hold on to faith and love and holiness with self-control.”
  • Danish (2020): “But since the woman bears children, she can still be saved, if she lives a decent life and holds on to faith, love and God.” (source for this and two above: Iver Larsen)
  • English translation by Helen Barrett Montgomery (1924): “Notwithstanding she will be saved by the Child-bearing; (so will they all), if they live in faith and love and holiness, with self-restraint.”

complete verse (1 John 5:6)

Following are a number of back-translations of 1 John 5:6:

  • Uma: “Yesus Kristus, he is God’s Child who arrived in the world. Yohanes the Baptizer baptized him with water. His blood flowed when he died crucified. So, it is clear that Yesus is God’s Child, not only from his being baptized, but from his dying too And the Holy Spirit also affirms-the-truth that Yesus is God’s Child, and what the Holy Spirit says is certainly true.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Isa Almasi is God’s Son. We (dual) know that because when he was here in the world he was bathed/baptized with water and his blood flowed when he died. We (dual) know that he is God’s Son because of the water he was bathed/baptized in and the blood that flowed, not just because of the water. And God’s Spirit also witnesses that this is true, for everything that God’s Spirit says is really true.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Jesus Christ is the one whom His Father sent here to the earth. This can be perceived by means of water and blood. This is not perceived only by water which was His baptism, but rather also by means of the blood which was the flowing of His blood at the time He was nailed to the cross. The Holy Spirit is the one who testifies this to us (incl.) for what He says is always true.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “When Jesu Cristo came to this earth, there were three-things which confirmed that he was the Child of God. The one, it was his being baptized in/with water. But it wasn’t only his being baptized which confirmed-it but rather his blood as well which flowed-down at his death. As for the third, it was the Holy Spirit, and all that he says is true. These three, what they confirmed regarding Jesu Cristo was the same.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “As for this Jesu-Cristo, he’s the one who came down here to the world. He was baptized in water. His blood was shed (lit.caused-to-drip) at his death. He really didn’t just have himself baptized in water, but rather he also caused his blood to be shed too. And the one who testifies to this is the Espiritu Santo, because wholly truth is what this Espiritu Santo gives-out/reveals.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “This Jesus Christ came here. It was made known that he was the Son of God when he was baptized in the water and when his blood was shed where he died. But not only was he just baptized, rather he was baptized and he was killed. The Holy Spirit himself gives his testimony about who Jesus Christ is and the Holy Spirit speaks all that is true.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
  • Yatzachi Zapotec: “Jesus Christ came to this world, he was baptized, and he shed his blood dying. He did not come and just be baptized, but also he shed his blood and died. And the Spirit of God speaks about him. The Spirit speaks true words.”
  • Eastern Highland Otomi: “Jesus Christ came here to the world. He was baptized with water, he is the same one who spilled out his blood, he died, and not only was he baptized with water, but also he spilled his blood, in that he died. He is Jesus Christ, God’s Chosen-One. This is what God’s Good Spirit tells us, who shows us the truth.”
  • Tzotzil: “It is the Son of God, it is Jesus Christ that came and was baptized here in the world, who came and shed his blood on the cross. It was not only that he came and was baptized. He also came and shed his blood on the cross. Thus the Holy Spirit tells us. He tells the truth. The Holy Spirit does not know how to lie.” (Source for this and two above: John Beekman in Notes on Translation 12, November 1964, p. 1ff.)
  • Candoshi-Shapra: “That one Jesus Christ in-order-to-be-recognized by means of his baptism in water came (arrived). However, not only-in-order-to-be-recognized by means of his baptism in water did he come, also he came his blood to drip down when he died. For the Holy Spirit is one-whose-profession-it-is-to-tell-truth.”
  • Yanesha’: “This is the one who came, this one Jesus Christ. The water and blood caused to know concerning him; When he was baptized, this caused to know concerning him, when he died, this, too caused to know concerning him. This, not just water, this, water also blood. Deity, his Spirit is true, that’s why he causes to know.”
  • Aguaruna: “Jesus Christ coming, being baptized with water, his blood bleeding out dying, because he was, we are able to know ‘Truly he is in the Christ,’ saying. He being baptized with water, not just that (instrument) do we know it, his blood also (instrument) we know it. God’s spirit also it causes us to know ‘Jesus is Christ’ saying because truly he speaks.” (Source for this and two above: Mildred Larson in Notes on Translation, July 1965, p. 1-15)
  • Danish (Bibelen på Hverdagsdansk, 2022): “Jesus Christ came through water and blood. Not only did he have to be born as a human being through the water, but he also had to die as a human being, so that his blood was shed. …” (Source: Iver Larsen)
  • German New Testament translation by Berger / Nord (publ. 1999): “Jesus Christ takes effect in water and blood. For he shed blood in his death, and this takes effect in the water of baptism, which washes us. The Holy Spirit bears witness to what happens in baptism: We become children of God. And the Holy Spirit is God’s reality in the Word.”

synagogue, temple (inner), temple (outer)

In many English translations the Greek terms “hieron” (the whole “temple” in Jerusalem or specifically the outer courts open to worshippers) and “naos” (the inner “shrine” or “sanctuary”) are translated with only one word: “temple” (see also for instance “Tempel” in German [for exception see below] and “tempel” in Dutch, Danish, or Afrikaans).

Other languages make a distinction: (Click or tap here to see more)

  • Navajo (Dinė): “house in which worship is carried out” (for naos)
  • Balinese: “inner part of the Great Temple” (“the term ‘inner part’ denoting the hindmost and holiest of the two or three courts that temples on Bali usually possess”) vs. “Great Temple”
  • Telugu: “womb (i.e. interior)-of-the-abode” vs. “abode”
  • Thai: a term denoting the main audience hall of a Buddhist temple compound vs. “environs-of-the-main-audience-hall”
  • Kituba: “place of holiness of house-God Lord” vs. “house-God Lord”
  • Shipibo-Conibo: “deep in God’s house” vs. “God’s house” (source: Reiling / Swellengrebel)
  • German das Buch translation by Roland Werner (publ. 2009-2022): “inner court of the temple” (Tempelinnenhof) vs. “temple”

Languages that, like English, German, Dutch, Danish, or Afrikaans, don’t make that distinction include:

  • Mandarin Chinese: “聖殿 Shèng diàn” (“holy palace”)
  • Loma: “the holy place”
  • Pular: “the sacred house” (source for this and the one above: Bratcher / Nida)
  • Zarma: “God’s compound”
  • Eastern Highland Otomi: “big church of the Jews”
  • Yatzachi Zapotec: “big house on top (i.e. most important)”
  • Toraja-Sa’dan: “house that is looked upon as holy, that is sacred, that is taboo and where one may not set foot” (lit. “house where-the-belly-gets-swollen” — because taboo is violated — using a term that is also applied to a Muslim mosque) (source for this and the three above: Reiling / Swellengrebel)
  • Mairasi: Janav Enggwarjer Weso: “Great Above One’s (God’s) House” (source: Enggavoter 2004)
  • Noongar: Maya-maya-Kooranyi: “Sacred House” (source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Huehuetla Tepehua: “the big church of the Israelites”
  • Aguaruna: “the house for talking to God” (source for this and above: M. Larson / B. Moore in Notes on Translation February 1970, p. 1-125.)
  • Guhu-Samane: “festival longhouse of God” (“The biiri, ‘festival longhouse’, being the religious and social center of the community, is a possible term for ‘temple’. It is not the ‘poro house’ as such. That would be too closely identified with the cult of poro. The physical features of the building, huge and sub-divided, lend it further favor for this consideration. By qualifying it as ‘God’s biiri’ the term has become meaningful and appropriate in the context of the Scriptures.”) (Source: Ernest Richert in The Bible Translator, 1965, p. 81ff. )
  • Enga: “God’s restricted access house” (source: Adam Boyd on his blog )

Another distinction that tends to be overlooked in translations is that between hieron (“temple” in English) and sunagógé (“synagogue” in English). Euan Fry (in The Bible Translator 1987, p. 213ff. ) reports on this:

“Many older translations have simply used transliterations of ‘temple’ and ‘synagogue’ rather than trying to find equivalent terms or meaningful expressions in their own languages. This approach does keep the two terms separate; but it makes the readers depend on explanations given by pastors or teachers for their understanding of the text.

“Translators who have tried to find meaningful equivalents, for the two terms ‘temple’ and ‘synagogue’ have usually made a distinction between them in one of two ways (which focus on the contrasting components of meaning). One way takes the size and importance of the Temple to make a contrast, so that expressions such as ‘sacred meeting/ worship house of the Jews’ and ‘big sacred meeting/worship house of the Jews’ are used. The other way focuses on the different nature of the religious activity at each of the places, so that expressions such as ‘meeting/worship house of the Jews’ and ‘sacrifice/ceremony place of the Jews’ are used.

“It is not my purpose in this article to discuss how to arrive at the most precise equivalent to cover all the components of meaning of ‘temple’. That is something that each translator really has to work through for himself in the light of the present usage and possibilities in his own language. My chief concern here is that the basic term or terms chosen for ‘temple’ should give the reader of a translation a clear and correct picture of the location referred to in each passage. And I am afraid that in many cases where an equivalent like ‘house of God’ or ‘worship house’ has been chosen, the readers have quite the wrong picture of what going to the Temple or being in the Temple means. (This may be the case for the word ‘temple’ in English too, for many readers.)”

Here are some examples:

  • Bambara: “house of God” (or: “big house of worship”) vs. “worship house” (or: “small houses of worship”)
  • Toraja-Sa’dan: “house where-the-belly-gets-swollen” (see above) vs. “meeting house for discussing matters concerning religious customs” (and “church” is “house where one meets on Sunday”)
  • Navajo (Dinė): “house in which worship is carried out” vs. “house of gathering” (source for all above: Bratcher / Nida)
  • Bangandu: “the great house of God” vs. “house of prayer” (Source: Ervais Fotso Noumsi in Le Sycomore, 16/1, 2022 )

Click or tap here to see a short video clip about Herod’s temple (source: Bible Lands 2012)

Click or tap here to see a short video clip showing synagogues in New Testament times (source: Bible Lands 2012)

See also this devotion on YouVersion .

acrostic in Psalm 145

The Hebrew text of Psalms 9/10, 25, 34, 37, 111, 112, 119, and 145 uses acrostics, a literary form in which each verse is started with one of the successive 22 letters of the Hebrew alphabet. According to Brenda Boerger (in Open Theology 2016, p. 179ff. ) there are three different reasons for acrostics in the Hebrew text: “for ease of memorization,” the representation “of the full breadth and depth of a topic, all the way from aleph to taw (tav),” and the perception of “the acrostic form as aesthetically attractive.” (p. 191)

While most translations mention the existence of an acrostic in a note or a comment, few implement it in their translation. The Natügu translation is one such exception. Boerger (see above) cites a strong tradition in singing the psalms and the fact that Natügu, like Hebrew, also has 22 possible initial letters as motivating factors to maintain the acrostics in that language.

Click or tap here for the complete psalm in Natügu

1 Awi-zvzbo bam mz nzglqpx-krnge nim,
Murde nim Gct rnge x mnclzbo bam.
2 Bilvzx nim mz nzawi-krbo bam.
X sa naglqpx-zvzx nim mz zbq kang kqlu.
3 Clveq nrlc mz zmatq ngrm kx trpnzngr kxrkrlz.
Yawe, myatxlz-esz’ngrn x takitrde nzrglqlzngr nim.
4 Doa nemqng sa nayapwxti-zvzbzlr mz doa nedrng,
Da kcng tqetuting tqmatq tqaletiqng.
5 Eu, x sa na-aoti-zvz-kzx drtwrnge nzwz-krmqng kxmrlzvxing,
X nzetu-esz’ngr-krm mz zmatq.
6 Gct, sa nayapwxtipx leplz da kxnzkctipxng kcng tqwz-ngrn.
X sa napipxx nzmyalz-esz’ngr-krm.
7-8 Ipq-aniq leplz murde yc mz drtwrm nidr.
Murde nivz lrm x nzaodu-krm tqyc tqyc.
Jzsiq leplz mz nztubqngr x sa na-angrlvzlr nim.
Sa nalepxlr nrpa ngr nzmrlz-esz’ngr-krm.
9 Kxetu, mrlztiq leplz amrlx,
X yc zlwz mz drtwrm doa amrlx kcng tqwz-ngrn.
10 Leplz nemqng amrlx sa na-awibzng bam,
X doa amrlx kcng tqwz-ngrn sa naglqlzlr nim.
11 Mz nrlc tulvzo, sa nayapwxtipxlr nzmyalz-esz’ngr-krm,
X nzetukr zmatq ngrm mz nzngini-krm king.
12 Nrpa ngr nzwz-krmqng etu, mz da kxmrlzting kcng tqwz-ngrn mz nzaclve-krm,
Sa nakrlz leplz amrlx.
13 Obqom mz nrlc mz nzaclve-krm kc tqyc tqyc,
X nzngini-krm king tqvzpe tqvzpe.
Pipx-zvzq natq kx na-angidatiq,
X aelwapx-zvzq nivz lrm mz da amrlx kcng tqaleq.
14 Rngiscm zmatq kx okatrle leplz kcng tzkxpung,
X axplrle nabz leplz kcng tqtalvzo.
15 Sa narkabzme dakxnzng mz kxnzlung amrlx,
Mz nzmnc-xgle-krdr nim mz da amrlx.
16 Tekqtrq nzbrtale-krdr mz nzakrlc-krbzme nelzdr,
X drtwrdr esatxpx zpwx.
17 Vz zvz nzale-krm da kx tubq-esz’ngr,
X aelwapx-zvzq nivz lrm mz da amrlx kcng tqaleq.
18 Wxbu-aepztrpzme mz krkcng tzkqlelr nim,
Mz nzbrti-zpwxkr drtwrdr nim.
19 Xlrq nzyrnikr leplz kcng tzamrluelr nim,
X ayzlubzme natqdr mz nzarlapx-krm nidr.
20 Yawe, tu-zvzbzme mz nibr leplz kx nzmrlztilr nim,
A’ odati-atwrnr-ngrn kxdrka’-ngrng.
21 Zbq kalvz sa naglqlzx nim.
X krkcng tzlung tqwz-ngrn, nzangio-krdr nim tqvzpe tqvzpe.

© 2008, Wycliffe Bible Translators, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Danish Bibelen på Hverdagsdansk (publ. 1985, rev. 2015 et al.) also translated Psalm 145 into an acrostic. Due to the higher number of Danish letters, It skips C, Q, W, X, Z, and Ø.

Click or tap here for the complete psalm in Danish

1 Altid vil jeg prise dig, Herre,
du er min Konge og Gud for evigt.
2 Bestandig vil jeg synge til din ære,
takke dig hver eneste dag.
3 Der er ingen så mægtig som dig, Herre,
ingen kan fatte din storhed.
4 En generation skal fortælle det videre til den næste,
at dine underfulde gerninger er uden sidestykke.
5 Folk skal fortælle om din herlighed og magt,
og jeg vil altid mindes dine undere.
6 Gang på gang bliver dine gerninger berømmet,
jeg vil fortælle om din storhed igen og igen.
7 Hvor er din godhed dog stor,
din retfærdighed bliver husket med glæde.
8 Ingen er nådig og barmhjertig som dig,
du er tålmodig og utrolig trofast.
9 Jeg ved, at du er god mod alle,
barmhjertig mod alle dine skabninger.
10 Kan mennesker gøre andet end takke dig, Herre?
Dine tjenere vil altid lovprise dig.
11 Lad os altid tale om dit riges herlighed,
fortælle om din vældige magt.
12 Mennesker i hele verden skal høre om din magt,
om dit riges strålende herlighed.
13 Når alt andet forgår, vil dit rige bestå.
Du skal regere i evighed.
Ord fra dig kan man stole på,
dine handlinger viser din nåde imod os.
14 På livets vej kan vi synke i knæ,
men du rejser os op, når vi falder.
15 Retter vi vores blik mod dig i tro,
vil du altid give os det, vi har brug for.
16 Så snart et menneske erkender sit behov,
er du straks parat til at opfylde det.
17 Trofasthed og retfærdighed kendes du på,
dine handlinger er baseret på kærlighed.
18 Uden undtagelse hjælper du alle,
som beder til dig af et oprigtigt hjerte.
19 Vælger mennesker at følge dig,
vil du redde dem, når de råber om hjælp.
20 Ærligt troende oplever din beskyttelse,
men de onde går deres undergang i møde.
21 År efter år vil jeg prise dig, Herre,
måtte alt levende lovsynge dig for evigt.

Copyright © 1985, 1992, 2005, 2013, 2015 by Biblica, Inc.®

There are two Dutch translations that maintain the acrostic: Naardense Bijbel (publ. 2004) and the Tot Lof van God by Frans Croese (publ. 2010).

Click or tap here for the complete psalm in the Dutch translations

Naardense Bijbel:

1
Alleluia, ik dank de Ene van ganser harte, ✡
binnen de kring der oprechten,
een samenkomst;
2
groot zijn de daden van de Ene, ✡
doorvorsbaar
voor elk met behagen daarin;
3
en glans en luister straalt van zijn werk, ✡
fleur houdt zijn gerechtigheid
voor altijd;
4
genadig en barmhartig is de Ene, ✡
hij doet zijn wonderen voorgoed gedenken;
5
indachtig is hij voor eeuwig zijn verbond, ✡
ja, wie hem vrezen gaf hij teerkost; de
6
kracht van zijn daden
heeft hij zijn gemeente gemeld; ✡
leende hun
het erfdeel van volkeren;
7
machtig zijn zijn handen in trouw en recht, ✡
nooit onbetrouwbaar zijn
al zijn inzettingen;
8
ondersteund voor altijd en eeuwig, ✡
product
van trouw en oprechtheid;
9
redding, loskoop zond hij zijn gemeente,
sloot voor eeuwig zijn verbond, ✡
te vrezen en heilig is zijn naam!-
10
vreze voor de Ene
      is het beginsel van wijsheid,
weg tot goed inzicht
voor wie daarnaar dóen; ✡
zijn lof
blijft staande voor altíjd!

Tot Lof van God translation:

Een lofdicht, op naam van David.

Als de ware Koning, zo wil ik U verhogen, mijn God,
zegenen wil ik Uw naam voor altijd en eeuwig.
2
Bij voortduring wil ik U zegenen, iedere dag weer,
loven wil ik Uw naam voor altijd en eeuwig.
3
Dat omdat Jehovah groots en zeer te loven is,
Zijn grootsheid is onpeilbaar.
4
En daarom prijst men Uw daden van geslacht op geslacht,
verhaalt men van Uw machtige daden.
5
Flonkerend in luister en pracht is Uw majesteit,
details over Uw wonderen verkondig ik graag.
6
Geweldig zijn Uw geduchte daden waarover men spreekt
– van Uw grootse daden wil ik vertellen –
7
herinneringen aan veel van Uw goedheid halen zij op,
over Uw rechtvaardigheid juichen zij.
8
Inderdaad, goedgunstig en barmhartig, dat is Jehovah,
geduldig en groots in loyale goedheid.
9
Jehovah is goed jegens allen,
met daarbij Zijn barmhartigheid, kenmerkend voor al Zijn werken.
10
Komen al Uw werken U werkelijk prijzen, Jehovah,
Uw loyalen zullen U zegenen.
11
Laten zij de heerlijkheid van Uw koninkrijk aanzeggen,
Uw grote macht bespreken.
12
Mogen zij Zijn machtige daden aan de mensen bekendmaken,
en de luister en pracht van Zijn koninkrijk.
13
Niet alleen dat, Uw koninkrijk is een koninkrijk voor alle tijden,
Uw heerschappij is voor alle achtereenvolgende geslachten.

14
Prachtig, Jehovah pakt allen stevig vast die vallen,
allen die gebukt gaan richt Hij weer op.
15
Reikhalzend zien aller ogen daarom naar U uit,
U bent het die hun te rechter tijd hun voedsel verschaft.
16
Stellig, U opent Uw hand
en verzadigt het verlangen van een ieder die leeft.
17
Terecht heet Jehovah ‘rechtvaardig in al Zijn wegen’,
in al Zijn werken is Hij loyaal.
18
Uit dien hoofde is Jehovah nabij allen die Hem aanroepen,
allen die Hem aan blijven roepen in waarachtigheid.
19
Vervullen zal Hij het verlangen van hen die hem vrezen,
Hij luistert naar hun hulpgeschreeuw en zal hen redden.
20
Waken zal Jehovah over een ieder die Hem liefheeft,
waar Hij alle wettelozen weg zal vagen.
21
Zo zal mijn mond Jehovah’s lof spreken.
Alle vlees zal Zijn heilige naam zegenen,
en dat voor altijd en eeuwig!

With thanks to Thamara van Eijzeren

The English Bible translation by Ronald Knox (publ. 1950) maintains almost every Hebrew acrostic (even though Knox’s translation itself is based on the Latin text of the Vulgate rather than the Hebrew). Due to the higher number of letters in the English alphabet, it skips the letter K, X, Y, and Z. (Click or tap here for the complete psalm in Knox’s translation.)

1 And shall I not extol thee, my God, my king; shall I not bless thy name for ever and for evermore?
2 Blessing shall be thine, day after day; for ever and for evermore praised be thy name.
3 Can any praise be worthy of the Lord’s majesty, any thought set limits to his greatness?
4 Down the ages the story of thy deeds is told, thy power is ever acclaimed;
5 each magnifies thy unapproachable glory, makes known thy wonders.
6 Fearful are the tales they tell of thy power, proclaiming thy magnificence;
7 grateful their memory of all thy goodness, as they boast of thy just dealings.
8 How gracious the Lord is, how merciful, how patient, how rich in pity!
9 Is he not a loving Lord to his whole creation; does not his mercy reach out to all that he has made?
10 Joining, then, Lord, in thy whole creation’s praise, let thy faithful servants bless thee;
11 let them publish the glory of thy kingdom, and discourse of thy power,
12 making that power known to the race of men, the glory, the splendour of that kingdom!
13 No age shall dawn but shall see thee reigning still; generations pass, and thy rule shall endure. O how true the Lord is to all his promises, how gracious in all his dealings!
14 Prostrate though men may fall, the Lord will lift them up, will revive their crushed spirits.
15 Quietly, Lord, thy creatures raise their eyes to thee, and thou grantest them, in due time, their nourishment,
16 Ready to open thy hand, and fill with thy blessing all that lives.
17 So faithful the Lord is in all he does, so gracious in all his dealings.
18 The Lord draws near to every man that calls upon him, will he but call upon him with a true heart.
19 Utter but the wish, you that fear the Lord, and he will grant it, will hear the cry, and bring aid.
20 Vigilantly the Lord watches over all that love him, marks down the wicked for destruction.
21 While these lips tell of the Lord’s praise, let all that lives bless his holy name, for ever, and for evermore. (Source )

Another English translation that keeps an acrostic for this psalm is the EasyEnglish Bible (publ. 2018), skipping Q, U, X, and Z.

1 Always I will praise you, my God and my king,
      and I will say how great you are!
2 Because you are good, I will praise you every day.
      Yes, I will always praise your name.
3 Clearly the Lord is great!
      He is so great that we cannot understand it.
4 Down from father to son, people will praise you.
      They will tell each other about the powerful things that you have done.
5 Everyone will speak about your glory and authority.
      I also will think carefully about your great miracles.
6 Famous are the powerful things that you have done.
      People will talk about them.
      I also will speak about the great things that you do.
7 Good things are what everybody will remember about you.
      They will sing about your justice.
8 How very kind the Lord is!
      He is very patient and his faithful love continues.
9 It is the Lord who takes care of everybody.
      He is kind to everything that he has made.
10 Join together to thank the Lord!
      Everything that he has made will praise him.
      Your own people will praise you, Lord!
11 King is who you are and your kingdom is great!
      People will speak about your royal authority.
12 Let everyone agree that you do great things!
      Let them say that you rule with great authority.
13 Many years your kingdom will remain, even for ever.
      You will always rule your people and their descendants.
Nothing that the Lord promises is false.
      He is kind in everything that he does.
14 Often people fall, but the Lord lifts them up.
      He helps everyone who has trouble.
15 People look to you for help.
      You give them food when they need it.
16 Ready to help, you open your hand.
      You give to every living thing the good things that they want.
17 So the Lord is fair in all that he does.
      He always shows how much he loves us.
18 The Lord is ready to help everyone who asks him.
      He is near to everyone who prays honestly.
19 Very kindly he gives his own people the things that they need.
      He saves them when they call to him for help.
20 Whoever loves the Lord, he keeps safe.
      But he destroys wicked people.
21 Yes, I will praise the Lord!
      Everyone who lives should praise his holy name for ever!

Scripture quotations are from the EasyEnglish Bible Copyright © MissionAssist 2019 – Charitable Incorporated Organisation 1162807. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

Another English translation that maintains the acrostic is by Gordon Jackson (The Lincoln Psalter, 1997). (Click or tap here for the complete psalm in Jackson’s translation)

Allworthy God, I honour you as my king,
      and as long as I have breath it will praise your name;
Be my days many or few, each one will bless you,
      each one be a holy day as I give it to you;
Can anyone overpraise the Lord,
      can anyone exaggerate his greatness?
Don’t his miracles simply astonish us,
      don’t witnesses find it hard to make others believe in them?
Essentially my theme is one and the same,
      your glory that is hidden in private knowledge;
For all that your public displays of saving power
      fill men with awe and profitable fear,
Grateful and humble hearts keep their gladness close
      and treasure the infinite goodness you graced them with.
He is gracious, they know, he is considerate,
      he is patient, he is kind beyond compare;
Isn’t he everyone’s God, and his love
      available to all his beloved creatures?
Justly, О Lord, your creatures who know you praise you,
      rightly they find in you a blessing each day;
Let them enlarge their language to talk of your glory,
      let them tell their own tale,
Making no bones about what they know of you,
      you and your Majesty, you and your dearest Mercy;
Not to diminish with anger, not to decline with age,
      no, your goodness is faultless, and your mercy is perfect.
Oh how true to his word he is, how reliable;
      once he has given a promise then count it fulfilled;
Perhaps you will trip, maybe fall, he will help you up;
      perhaps be depressed, he will help you get out of it.
Quail they do not who look to you, Lord, in hope,
      and sure enough you stead them in your season,
Ready and bountiful and providential
      you give your living creatures what they need.
See if he isn’t just in all his ways,
      see if he isn’t true to his every word;
Try him and see, come close as you dare to him,
      and if you are straight with him he will show you his love.
Up to your eyes in worry, just ask for his help;
      be honest with him, be frank, and he will respect you.
Vicious and oily souls have good cause to fear him,
      but those who respect him he will account his own.
Which is why I have good reason to praise the Lord,
      and why we should all bless his name for ever and ever.

And lastly, Brenda Boerger (2024) translated this psalm while maintaining the acrostic (click or tap here for the complete psalm in Boerger’s translation).

1 Adonai, King, I adore you,
 And HaShem acclaim forever;
2 Bow in worship for all you do,
 Blessing ever who you are.
3 Can your craftings be quantified?
 Clearly all acclaim must be yours.
 Deeds you do leave us mystified;
 Deep, delightful are your ways.
4 Each enlightens his descendants,
 Expresses your mighty actions.
5 Focusing upon your splendors,
 Fuels reflections on your works.
 God, it’s you whom I will study —
 Greatness, glory eternally,
6 How your works exhibit power.
 Holy acts you do each hour.
 I proclaim your immensity;
7 Intone anthems without pausing,
 Jump for joy, Lord, for you’re causing
 Justice to reign with purity.
8 King’s complete in mercies, graces,
 Kindly, he does keep his temper.
9 Lord God’s love reaches all races,
 Limitlessly, flows forever.
10 Majesty, your works commend you —
 Master, we too magnify you.
 No one now neglects to serve you,
 Numbering blessings — all you do.
11 Openly, they honor your name,
 Odes to you, your outstanding reign,
 Proclaim praises, hour by hour and
 Profess now your splendor, power.
12 Quite so, all learn of your splendor;
 Quake because you’re very mighty.
13 Revered Lord, your rule’ s forever.
 Redeemer’s word is trustworthy.
14 Sustainer of those who stumble,
 Supporter of souls who’re brought low,
15 To you, in faith, those who’re humble,
 Turn for food, today, tomorrow.
16 Unfailingly you’re unstinting,
 Undergird lives of the living.
17 Verily, you have great virtue.
 Vast love’s voiced whate’er you do.
18 Wise one, you watch those who’re pleading,
 Witness vows of those believing,
19 Execute prayers of exalters!
 Extricate those at your altars!
20 You protect all those who love you,
 Yet destroy the wicked ones too.
21 Zestfully let’s praise Creator;
 Zealous, praise HaShem forever.
 Ho’ o-ho’o-Ho’ osana. Hale-hale-hallelu-Yah.
 Ho’ o-ho’ o-Ho’ osana. Hale-hale-hallelu-Yah.

Another published English translation with acrostics is The Psalms Chronologically Arranged by the “Four Friends” (C.T. Arnold, A.W. Potts, F.E. Kitchener, S. Philpotts) of 1870.

Another 19th century translation with maintained acrostics is the German 1883 commentary and translation by Franz Delitzsch . Unlike the other translations, he translates the acrostics of this and the other acrostic psalms by following an approximation of the German sound of the 22 letters (alef/א‎ = a; bet/ב‎ = b; gimel/ג‎ = g; dalet/ד = d; he/ה‎ = h; vav/ו = u; zayin/ז‎ = s; chet/ח‎ = h; tet/ט = t; yod/י‎ = i or j; kaf/כ = k; lamed/ל = l; mem/מ = m; nun/נ = n; samech/ס‎ = s; ayin/ע = e; pe/פ = f; tsadi/צ‎ = z; qof/ק = k; resh/ר = r; shin/ש‎ = sch; tav/ת = t).

acrostic in Psalm 119

The Hebrew text of Psalm 119 uses an acrostic that separates the 176 verses into 22 sections of 8 verses each, all starting with the same successive letter of the Hebrew alphabet. Some Bible translations note this by using the Hebrew letters or their transcriptions as section titles, others, including the translation into Natügu (see here ) or the Hungarian translations by Szenczi Molnár Albert from 1606 (see here ) or by Hajdók János from 1978 (see here ), use a different letter of their alphabet for the first line of each of the sections.

The Danish Bibelen på Hverdagsdansk (publ. 1985, rev. 2015 et al.) translated Psalm 119 into an acrostic in which each of the verses in each section starts with the same letter, although not following the successive order of the Danish alphabet. (Click or tap here for the complete psalm in Danish.)

1 Velsignede er de, som gør Guds vilje,
alle de, som adlyder Herrens love.
2 Velsignede er de, som holder fast ved hans bud,
og søger ham af hele deres hjerte.
3 Vi ved, at han ønsker, vi skal følge hans vej,
derfor vælger vi at gøre hans vilje.
4 Vi kender dine befalinger, Herre,
som du forventer, vi følger til punkt og prikke.
5 Hvor ville jeg dog inderligt ønske,
at jeg kunne følge dine bud uden at vakle.
6 Ved at fokusere på alle dine befalinger
undgår jeg at blive gjort til skamme.
7 Vore hjerter bryder ud i tak,
når vi forstår dine retfærdige love.
8 Vær tålmodig med mig,
for jeg ønsker at adlyde dine bud.
9 Jeg opfordrer de unge til at følge dit ord,
for det hjælper dem til at blive på din vej.
10 Jeg søger dig af hele mit hjerte,
lad mig ikke fare vild fra dine bud.
11 Jeg gemmer dit ord i mit hjerte
for ikke at synde imod dig.
12 Jeg lover og priser dig, Herre,
lær mig alle dine lovbud.
13 Jeg gentager igen og igen
alle de bud, du har givet mig.
14 Jeg glæder mig over dine befalinger,
som var de alverdens rigdomme.
15 Jeg grunder over dine formaninger
og holder fast ved dine forskrifter.
16 Jeg glæder mig over din vejledning
og vil aldrig glemme dit ord.
17 Lad mig få øjnene op for din godhed,
så jeg kan tjene dig hele mit liv.
18 Luk mine øjne op, så jeg kan se
de vidunderlige ting i din lov.
19 Livet her på jorden er kort,
og jeg har brug for dine love til at lede mig.
20 Længslen efter at kende dig ligger i mit hjerte,
mind mig om dine love hver eneste dag.
21 Lovløse mennesker, der gør oprør mod dig,
vil blive dømt for deres egenrådige stolthed.
22 Lad dem ikke hovere over mig,
fordi jeg adlyder dine bud.
23 Lederne i samfundet bagtaler mig,
men jeg vil tjene dig og handle på dit ord.
24 Lovene, du har givet mig, gør mig glad,
og jeg ønsker at følge din vejledning.
25 Jeg er nedslået og fortvivlet.
Giv mig nyt mod ved dit ord.
26 Jeg fortalte dig det hele, og du hjalp mig.
Lær du mig nu dine principper.
27 Jeg vil gerne forstå hensigten med dine bud,
og jeg beundrer dine gode love.
28 Jeg føler mig så udkørt og trist.
Styrk mig ved dit ord.
29 Jeg vil altid være ærlig over for dig,
lad din lov forvandle min karakter.
30 Jeg har valgt at være trofast,
sat mig for at følge dine lovbud.
31 Jeg klynger mig til dit ord,
for jeg ved, du ikke skuffer mig, Herre.
32 Jeg vil ivrigt adlyde alle dine bud,
for du har givet mig viljen til at gøre det.
33 Lær mig at følge dine love, Herre,
så jeg altid er lydig imod dem.
34 Lad mig vokse i forståelsen af din lov,
så jeg kan holde den af hele mit hjerte.
35 Led mig fremad på lydighedens vej,
for at følge dine bud er min lyst.
36 Lad mit hjertes ønske være at følge dit ord
i stedet for at stræbe efter penge og profit.
37 Livet uden dig er ikke andet end tomhed,
men at følge dit ord giver mig indhold i livet.
38 Lad mig hvile i troen på dine løfter,
som gælder alle, der adlyder dig.
39 Lad dem, der håner mig, blive til skamme,
for jeg ved, at dine bud er gode.
40 Længslen efter dine love ligger i mit hjerte,
hjælp mig til altid at efterleve dem.
41 Du har lovet at redde mig, Herre.
Vis mig nu din trofasthed og grib ind.
42 Det er dit ord, jeg har sat min lid til.
Giv mig et svar til dem, der håner mig.
43 Det, at du redder mig og griber ind,
vil bevise, at det, jeg har sagt om dig, er sandt.
44 Da vil jeg altid holde din lov,
både nu og til evig tid.
45 Det giver mig en vældig frimodighed,
at jeg bygger mit liv på dine love.
46 Derfor skammer jeg mig ikke over dit ord,
men forkynder det frimodigt selv for konger.
47 Det er en stor glæde at kende dine bud.
Åh, hvor jeg elsker dem.
48 Dagligt rækker jeg hænderne ud efter dem.
Det fryder mig at kunne meditere over dem.
49 Herre, jeg tjener dig i tillid til dine løfter,
for det er dem, der giver mig håb.
50 Hver gang jeg kommer ud for modstand,
giver dit ord mig nyt mod på livet.
51 Hån og spot hagler ned over mig,
men jeg holder fast ved dit ord.
52 Herre, jeg holder mig dine bud for øje,
de har stået deres prøve, og de giver mig trøst.
53 Harmen vælder op i mig,
når de gudløse gør nar af dine bud.
54 Hvor jeg end opholder mig,
hylder jeg dine befalinger med glæde.
55 Herre, selv om natten tænker jeg på dig,
også da vil jeg adlyde dine bud.
56 Hver dag vil jeg følge dine bud,
for det giver mig glæde i livet.
57 Jeg bygger mit liv på dig, Herre,
og jeg har besluttet at følge dine bud.
58 Jeg beder dig af hele mit hjerte:
vær nådig imod mig, som du har lovet.
59 Jeg har gjort status over mit liv
og har valgt at rette mig efter dit ord.
60 Jeg vil ikke vente eller tøve,
men straks gøre det, du siger, jeg skal.
61 Jeg vil aldrig glemme din lov,
selv om de gudløse prøver at få mig i fælden.
62 Jeg kan stå op midt om natten
for at takke dig for dine gode love.
63 Jeg er ven med alle, der tjener dig
og overholder dine forordninger.
64 Jorden er fuld af din trofasthed, Herre,
lær mig at forstå dine bud til bunds.
65 Du har holdt dit løfte, Herre.
Du har velsignet mig som din tjener.
66 Dine befalinger og bud er gode,
lær mig at forstå dem og bruge dem ret.
67 Der var engang, hvor jeg gik mine egne veje,
men du ydmygede mig, og nu følger jeg dit ord.
68Du er god og gør altid det gode.
Hjælp mig at adlyde dine befalinger.
69 Det kan godt være, de gudløse bagtaler mig,
men jeg vil helhjertet holde din lov.
70 De er både tykhovedede og stivnakkede,
men at adlyde dit ord giver mig glæde.
71 Det var godt, at du ydmygede mig,
så jeg kunne lære at overholde dine bud.
72 Dit ord er mere værd for mig
end guld og sølv i dynger.
73 Dine hænder formede min krop.
Giv mig nu forstand til at fatte dine bud.
74 De gudfrygtige hilser mig med glæde,
for jeg har sat min lid til dit ord.
75 Dine domme er retfærdige, det ved jeg,
du ydmygede mig for mit eget bedste.
76 Din nåde og barmhjertighed rejste mig op igen,
akkurat som du havde lovet din tjener.
77 Din nåde gav mig nyt livsmod,
for jeg elsker trods alt dine bud.
78 De hovmodige spottere bliver gjort til skamme,
for de bagtaler mig uden grund.
Men jeg vil grunde over dine befalinger.
79 De der kender dine bud og adlyder dig,
dem vil jeg gerne have fællesskab med.
80 Din lov vil jeg følge af hele mit hjerte,
så behøver jeg aldrig at skamme mig.
81 Herre, jeg længes efter, at du redder mig.
Jeg har sat min lid til dine løfter.
82 Hvornår griber du ind og hjælper mig?
Jeg er snart træt af at vente.
83 Herre, jeg er som en indtørret, tilrøget lædersæk,
men dine bud glemmer jeg aldrig.
84 Hvor mange dage skal der gå?
Hvornår vil du straffe mine forfølgere?
85 Hovmodige mennesker, som hader din lov,
har gravet en faldgrube for mig.
86 Hele din lov er troværdig og pålidelig,
åh, hjælp mig mod de gudløses angreb.
87 Herre, de har næsten gjort det af med mig,
men jeg vil ikke svigte dine bud.
88 Hold mig i live på grund af din trofasthed,
så jeg kan adlyde de befalinger, du har givet mig.
89 Dit ord, Herre, står ved magt til evig tid,
det er fast forankret i Himlen.
90 Din trofasthed rækker fra slægt til slægt,
du har grundfæstet jorden, så den ikke kan rokkes.
91 Dine love står fast til denne dag,
for du er universets Herre.
92 Dit ord gav mig den trøst, jeg havde brug for,
ellers var jeg for længst gået til grunde.
93 Dine love vil jeg aldrig glemme,
for det er dem, der holder mig i live.
94 Dig tilhører jeg, for du er min Gud.
Hjælp mig, for jeg ønsker at følge dine bud.
95 De gudløse lurer på at slå mig ihjel,
men jeg har altid dine love i tanke.
96 De fleste ting har deres begrænsning,
men dine befalinger har uanede dybder.
97 Jeg elsker dine bud, Herre.
Dagen igennem er de i mine tanker.
98 Jeg mediterer over dit ord hver dag,
det giver mig et fortrin frem for mine fjender.
99 Jeg har altid dine bud i mine tanker,
de gør mig visere end mine vejledere.
100 Ja, jeg er klogere end de gamle og erfarne,
for jeg adlyder dine befalinger.
101 Jeg holder mig væk fra enhver form for ondskab,
for jeg ønsker at adlyde dit ord.
102 Jeg går ikke vild, men følger dine bud,
for du er den, der underviser mig.
103 Jeg elsker at smage på dit ord,
det er sødere på tungen end honning.
104 Jo mere indsigt jeg får i dine bud,
des mere hader jeg løgnens vej.
105 Dit ord er en lygte for min fod,
et lys på vejen foran mig.
106 Dine love er gode og retfærdige,
jeg har lovet mig selv altid at overholde dem.
107 Der er mange, som er imod mig, Herre,
men du giver mig nyt mod, som du har lovet.
108 Du fortjener min lovsang og tak, Herre,
fortsæt med at lære mig din vilje.
109 Dine bud vil jeg aldrig glemme,
også selv om det bringer mig i livsfare.
110 De gudløse sætter fælder for mig,
men jeg viger ikke en tomme fra dit ord.
111 Dine love er mit evige eje,
de fylder mit hjerte med glæde.
112 Det er min faste beslutning at adlyde dit ord,
indtil jeg drager mit sidste suk.
113 Dem, der følger dig halvhjertet, hader jeg,
men jeg elsker din lov af hele mit hjerte.
114 Du er min tilflugt og mit skjold,
dit ord er det, der giver mig håb.
115 Der er ingen, der kan hindre mig i at adlyde Gud,
de, der vil prøve, tager jeg afstand fra.
116 Du har lovet at give mig styrke til at leve efter dit ord.
Jeg er overbevist om, at du ikke skuffer mig.
117 Den hjælp og støtte, jeg får fra dig,
betyder, at jeg fortsat kan adlyde dine bud.
118 Du forkaster dem, der foragter dit ord,
de er falske og fulde af løgn.
119 Du lader alle de gudløse ende som aske.
Er det da mærkeligt, at jeg elsker dit ord?
120 Dine domme er retfærdige og kan ikke appelleres,
derfor bæver jeg for dig i ærefrygt.
121 Jeg forsøger altid at gøre det rigtige.
Lad ikke mine fjender få bugt med mig.
122 Jag de stolte og overmodige mennesker væk,
så de ikke har mulighed for at skade mig.
123 Jeg er træt af at vente på, at du redder mig,
selv om jeg ved, at du altid holder dine løfter.
124 Jeg ved, at din kærlighed omslutter mig,
lær mig at kende din vilje.
125 Jeg er din tjener, giv mig forstand
til at fatte dine formaninger.
126 Jeg græmmes, når de gudløse overtræder dine bud.
Herre, hvornår griber du ind?
127 Jeg foretrækker din lov
frem for guld og grønne skove.
128 Jeg hader løgn og bedrag,
men elsker at adlyde dine bud.
129 Din vejledning er vidunderlig,
jeg ønsker at rette mig efter den.
130 Dit ord bringer lys, når det bliver forstået,
selv begyndere kan fatte det.
131 Dit ord skaber en længsel i mig,
jeg kan aldrig få nok af det.
132 Din nåde og barmhjertighed gør mig godt,
du er god mod alle, som elsker dig.
133 Dit ord viser mig den vej, jeg skal gå,
så jeg ikke bliver overrumplet af det onde.
134 Der er mennesker, som vil føre mig på vildspor.
Hjælp mig til at holde fast ved dine bud.
135 Du velsigner mig med dit nærvær.
Hjælp mig at tjene dig bedre.
136 Der er mange, der ikke holder dine bud,
derfor strømmer tårerne ned over mine kinder.
137 Du er en god Gud, Herre,
alle dine love er retfærdige.
138 Dine principper er fuldkomne,
og din trofasthed er stor.
139 Der er mange, som ignorerer din vejledning,
og det skærer mig i hjertet at se det.
140 Dit ord er ædelt som renset sølv,
derfor elsker jeg det så højt.
141 Der er ikke noget særligt ved mig,
men jeg forsømmer ikke at adlyde dine bud.
142 Din retfærdighed varer evigt,
din lov vil altid være sand.
143 Det sker, at jeg tynges af bekymring og uro,
men dine bud gør mig glad igen.
144 Din lov står altid ved magt,
lad mig forstå den bedre dag for dag.
145 Jeg beder dig inderligt om hjælp, Herre.
Svar mig, og jeg vil adlyde dine bud.
146 Jeg råber til dig: „Red mig,
så jeg kan adlyde dine bud.”
147 Jeg er oppe før daggry for at råbe om hjælp,
for jeg sætter min lid til løfterne i dit ord.
148 Jeg ligger vågen om natten
og mediterer over dit ord.
149 Jeg beder dig, Herre, hør min bøn,
vær mig nådig og red mit liv.
150 Jeg gruer for, hvad mine fjender vil gøre,
for de er ligeglade med din lov.
151 Jeg ved dog, at du er mig nær, Herre,
alle dine bud er grundet på sandheden.
152 Jeg har for længe siden lært,
at dit ord står urokkeligt fast.
153 Vær nådig og fri mig fra mine lidelser,
for jeg har ikke taget let på din lov.
154 Ved at høre dine løfter får jeg nyt mod.
Kæmp på min side og red mig.
155 Ved at gøre oprør mod dig og dine bud,
har de gudløse mistet håbet om frelse.
156 Hvor er din nåde dog stor, Herre,
du har magt til at redde mit liv.
157 Vel er mine fjender og modstandere mange,
men jeg holder fast ved dine lovbud.
158 Ved synet af de gudløse bliver jeg fyldt med foragt,
for de gør oprør mod dine bud og befalinger.
159 Vis mig din kærlighed og red mit liv,
Tænk dog på, hvor højt jeg elsker dine love.
Giv mig liv, for du elsker mig med trofast kærlighed!
160 Værdien af dit ord er ubeskrivelig,
det er troværdigt og står fast for evigt.
161 Der er magtfulde mænd, som angriber mig uden grund,
men jeg vil holde fast ved dit ord i mit hjerte.
162 Din vejledning fylder mig med glæde,
som en, der har vundet en stor gevinst.
163 Det er løgn og bedrag, jeg hader,
men jeg elsker dit ord.
164 Dag efter dag vil jeg takke dig
for dine retfærdige lovbud.
165 De, der elsker din lov, lever trygt,
intet kan rokke dem.
166 Der er en forvisning i mit hjerte om, at du vil redde mig,
og jeg vil blive ved med at adlyde dine bud.
167 Dine befalinger har jeg altid for øje,
jeg elsker dem af hele mit hjerte.
168 Du ved, at jeg har adlydt dine bud,
for mit liv ligger udbredt for dig.
169 Jeg beder om hjælp, Herre, lyt til mit råb.
Lad dit ord give mig råd og vejledning.
170 Ja, jeg beder så inderligt om nåde,
grib ind og red mig, som du har lovet.
171 Jeg vil lovprise dig, Herre,
for du har lært mig at forstå dine bud.
172 Jeg vil synge en sang om dit ord,
for alle dine love er gode og retfærdige.
173 Jeg venter på, at du griber ind,
for jeg har valgt at gøre din vilje.
174 Jeg længes efter, at du redder mig, Herre,
og jeg glæder mig over dine lovbud.
175 Jeg ønsker at leve i lovprisning til dig.
Lad dit ord være min støtte på livsvejen.
176 Jeg er som et får, der er faret vild.
Kom og red mig, for jeg har holdt fast ved dine bud.

Copyright © 1985, 1992, 2005, 2013, 2015 by Biblica, Inc.®

There are two Dutch translations that maintain the acrostic: Naardense Bijbel (publ. 2004) and the Tot Lof van God by Frans Croese (publ. 2010). (Click or tap here for the complete psalm in the Dutch translations.)

Naardense Bijbel:

1
Al wie gaaf van weg zijn: zalig!, ✡
die wandelen
volgens het onderricht van de Ene!
2
Al wie houden zijn overeenkomsten:
      zalig!- ✡
met heel het hart hem zoeken!
3
Ach nee, valsheid begaan zij niet, ✡
zij wandelen op zijn wegen.
4
Al uw verordeningen hebt gij geboden ✡
om ten zeerste te bewaken.
5
Ach, waren mijn wegen vast genoeg ✡
om uw inzettingen te bewaken.
6
Aan schaamte zou ik voorbij zijn ✡
als ik acht sloeg
op al uw geboden.
7
Aan u breng ik dank
      in oprechtheid van hart, ✡
nu ik leer
uw gerechte regels.
8
Al uw inzettingen zal ik bewaken; ✡
verlaat mij niet te zeer!

Beth. In quo corrigit.
9
Bij wat houdt wie jong is
      zijn pad schoon?- ✡
door het te bewaken
volgens uw woord!
10
Ben ik niet met heel mijn hart
      u gaan zoeken?- ✡
laat niet toe dat ik afdwaal
van uw geboden!
11
Berg ik wat gij zegt niet in mijn hart?- ✡
opdat ik
niet zondig tegen u!
12
Begroeten mag ik u, Ene: gezegend!- ✡
wil uw inzettingen aan mij leren!
13
Breeduit vertelden mijn lippen ✡
alle
rechtsregels van uw mond.
14
Blij ben ik
      op de weg van uw overeenkomsten, ✡
als was ik onmetelijk rijk!
15
Bepeinzen zal ik wat gij verordent, ✡
ik zal acht slaan
op uw paden.
16
Bij uw inzettingen zoek ik verkwikking, ✡
ik zal uw woord nooit vergeten!

Gimel. Retribue servo tuo.
17
Gun het uw dienaar dat ik mag leven, ✡
en zal waken over uw woord.
18
Geef zicht aan mijn ogen, dat ik acht sla ✡
op de wonderen
uit uw Wet!
19
Gast-en-zwerver ben ik op de aarde, ✡
verberg uw geboden
voor mij niet!
20
Geteisterd wordt mijn ziel
      door verlangen ✡
naar uw rechtsregels, te aller stond.
21
Gedreigd met uw vloek
      hebt gij verwatenen,- ✡
die afdwalen van uw geboden.
22
Gij, wentel van mij smaad en verachting, ✡
ik heb uw overeenkomsten toch gehouden?
23
Gingen vorsten ook zitten,
voerden ze over mij gesprekken, ✡
uw dienaar
bepeinst uw inzettingen.
24
Geluk vind ik juist in uw overeenkomsten, ✡
mijn raadslieden, dat zijn zij!

Deleth. Adhæsit pavimento.
25
Daar ligt mijn ziel, gekleefd aan het stof, ✡
doe mij leven,
naar uw woord!
26
De wegen die ik ging heb ik verteld,
      en gij hebt geantwoord, ✡
wil mij uw inzettingen leren.
27
De weg van uw orders, doe mij verstaan, ✡
ik wil uw wonderdaden
bepeinzen!
28
Droefheid doet mijn ziel vervloeien, ✡
doe mij opstaan,
naar uw woord!
29
De weg van leugen,
      houd die van mij verre, ✡
begenadig mij met uw Wet!
30
De weg van waarheid heb ik gekozen, ✡
uw rechtsregels hield ik mij voor.
31
Dat ik mij
      aan uw overeenkomsten vastklampte, ✡
Ene,
maak mij daarin niet beschaamd.
32
De weg van uw geboden zal ik rennen, ✡
ja, gij maakt ruimte voor mijn hart!

He. Legem pone mihi.
33
Ene, in de weg van uw inzettingen
      onderricht mij, ✡
die wil ik houden tot het einde.
34
En geef mij begrip,
      dat ik kan houden uw Wet, ✡
haar met heel mijn hart bewaren.
35
Een weg in het spoor van uw geboden,
      laat die mij begaan, ✡
want daarin heb ik behagen.
36
Enkel uw overeenkomsten,
      neig daarheen mijn hart, ✡
en niet naar eigen voordeel.
37
Eis van mijn ogen
      dat ze van het zinloze afzien, ✡
doe mij leven op uw weg.
38
En doe aan uw dienaar
      uw toezegging gestand,- ✡
aan allen
die u vrezen.
39
Eindig mijn versmading, die ik zo ducht: ✡
zo goed zijn mij uw regels.
40
Eerlijk, uw ordeningen
      heb ik altijd begeerd, ✡
laat in uw gerechtigheid mij leven!

Vav. Et veniat.
41
Feest!, Ene,
      als over mij komen uw vriendschap ✡
en uw redding,
gelijk gij toezegt.
42
Flink sta ik mijn smaders te woord, ✡
want ik weet mij veilig in uw woord.
43
Fier heb ik op uw regels gewacht: ✡
ontneem mijn mond
het woord der waarheid
niet al te zeer!
44
Ferm zal ik waken bij uw onderricht,
      voortdurend, ✡
voor eeuwig en altijd.
45
Fris sta ik op, ik wandel in ruimte, ✡
nu ik uw ordeningen
ben gaan zoeken.
46
Frank sta ik met uw overeenkomsten
      koningen te woord, ✡
en niet word ik beschaamd.
47
’n Festijn zijn mij uw geboden, ✡
mijn liefde zijn zij geworden.
48
’t Firmament van uw geboden
      -die mijn liefde zijn geworden-
daarheen hef mijn handpalmen ik op,- ✡
uw inzettingen blijf ik overpeinzen!

Zai. Memor esto.
49
Gedenk het woord tot uw dienaar, ✡
waarmee ge
bij mij verwachting hebt gewekt.
50
Getroost heeft dat mij in mijn ellende, ✡
ja, uw toezegging heeft mij doen herleven.
51
Gesard door ziedende lieden, bovenmate, ✡
ben ik niet afgeweken
van uw Wet.
52
Gedacht heb ik
      aan uw rechtsregels van eeuwig, o Ene, ✡
en zo werd ik getroost!
53
Gloed greep mij om boosdoeners aan, ✡
die loslieten
uw Wet!
54
Gebleven is mij
      de muziek van uw inzettingen, ✡
waar ik in mijn omzwervingen ook huisde.
55
Gedacht heb ik ’s nachts uw naam,
      o Ene, ✡
uw onderricht
bleef ik bewaken!
56
Geworden is mij dit: ✡
dat ik uw verordeningen heb onderhouden!

Heth. Portio mea.
57
Het is mijn deel, Ene, heb ik gezegd, ✡
uw woorden te bewaken.
58
Heel mijn hart
      zocht naar de zachtheid
      van uw aanschijn, ✡
wees mij genadig,
zoals gij hebt gezegd!
59
Het spoor van mijn wegen
      heb ik overdacht, ✡
ik keer mijn voeten
naar uw overeenkomsten.
60
Haast heb ik gemaakt en niet gedraald, ✡
om uw geboden
te bewaken.
61
Hoewel mij strikken van bozen omgaven, ✡
uw onderricht
was ik niet vergeten.
62
Halvernacht
sta ik op om u te danken ✡
voor
de rechtsregels van uw gerechtigheid.
63
Het gezelschap zoek ik
      van al wie u vrezen, ✡
van wie uw verordeningen
bewaken.
64
Heel de aarde, Ene,
      is vervuld van uw vriendschap, ✡
uw inzettingen: wil mij die leren!

Teth. Bonitatem fecisti.
65
’t Is het goede
      dat gij hebt gedaan aan uw dienaar, ✡
o Ene,
naar uw woord.
66
Inzicht, goedheid en kennis,
      wil mij die leren, ✡
want in uw geboden heb ik vertrouwen!
67
Ik dwaalde af totdat ik moest bukken, ✡
en nu
zal ik bewaken wat gij zegt.
68
In-goed zijt gij en goeddoende, ✡
uw inzettingen, wil mij die leren!
69
Ik
blijf met heel mijn hart
uw ordeningen houden, ✡
al besmeurden
ziedende lieden mij met leugens.
70
Ik vond
verkwikking in uw Wet, ✡
al was hun hart gevoelloos als vet.
71
’t Is goed voor mij geweest
      dat ik moest bukken, ✡
het was om
uw inzettingen te leren.
72
’t Is mij goed geweest:
      het onderricht uit uw mond,- ✡
is meer dan duizenden
goud en zilver!

Ioth. Manus tuæ.
73
Jouw handen hebben mij gemaakt,
      hebben mij bevestigd, ✡
schenk mij inzicht,
ik zal leren jouw geboden!
74
Je vereerders
      zullen mij zien en zich verheugen, ✡
want op jouw woord heb ik gewacht!
75
Je rechtsregels, Ene, wist ik gerechtigheid, ✡
en trouw,
ook toen je mij liet bukken.
76
Jouw vriendschap, laat die er toch zijn
      om mij te troosten, ✡
zoals jij je dienaar hebt gezegd.
77
Ja, komt jouw ontferming over mij,
      dan leef ik op, ✡
want jouw onderricht
is mijn verkwikking.
78
Ja, dat beschaamd staan ziedende lieden
      die mij hebben gewrongen in leugens, ✡
en ik
jouw orders mag overpeinzen!
79
Je vereerders, dat die bij mij terugkeren, ✡
zij die kennen
jouw overeenkomsten.
80
Jouw inzettingen,
      laat mijn hart volmaakt daarbij zijn, ✡
opdat ik
niet zal worden beschaamd!

Caf. Defecit in salutare.
81
Krank werd mijn ziel,
      om uw reddende werk, ✡
op uw woord ben ik blijven wachten.
82
Krank werden mijn ogen
      om uw toezegging, ✡
ik moest zeggen:
‘wanneer schenkt gij mij troost?’
83
Kromp ik ineen als een wijnzak in de rook, ✡
uw inzettingen
heb ik nooit vergeten.
84
Knecht van u ben ik,
      zijn mij nog dagen beschoren?- ✡
wanneer houdt ge
over mijn vervolgers gericht?
85
Kuilen zijn mij gegraven
      door onbesuisden, ✡
die
naar uw onderricht niet leven.
86
Kom mij helpen:
      al uw geboden zijn getrouwheid,- ✡
zij hebben mij achtervolgd met leugen!
87
Kregen ze mij in dit land bijna kapot: ✡
ik,
ik heb uw orders niet verlaten!
88
Krachtens uw vriendschap: doe mij leven, ✡
ik zal bewaken
de overeenkomsten van uw mond!

Lamed. In æternum.
89
Langer dan lang, Ene, voor eeuwig, ✡
staat uw woord
op zijn post in de hemelen.
90
’n Lijn van geslacht na geslacht
      volgt uw trouw, ✡
vast als de aarde
blijft zij staande.
91
Leefregels van u,
      daarvoor staan zij heden, ✡
want in alles zijn zij u dienstbaar.
92
Lag niet in uw onderricht mijn verkwikking, ✡
dan
was ik verloren in mijn ellende.
93
Levenslang,
      ja eeuwig zal ik uw orders niet vergeten, ✡
want door hen
hebt gij mij doen leven.
94
’k Lever mij uit aan u: o, red mij!- ✡
want uw orders heb ik gezocht!
95
Loerden boosdoeners op mijn teloorgang, ✡
uw overeenkomsten
wil ik verstaan.
96
Ligt, zo zag ik,
voor elk geheel er een einde, ✡
uw gebod is wijdreikend, onbegrensd!

Mem. Quomodo dilexi.
97
Mij is zo lief geworden uw Wet, ✡
heel de dag
is zij mijn overpeinzing.
98
Meer dan mijn vijanden zijn,
      maakt uw gebod mij wijs, ✡
want voor eeuwig is het bij mij.
99
Meer dan al mijn leermeesters
      verwierf ik inzicht, ✡
want uw overeenkomsten
waren mij tot overpeinzing.
100
Meer dan grijsaards
kwam ik tot verstaan, ✡
omdat ik uw orders heb gehouden.
101
Mijn voeten weerde ik
      van elk pad van kwaad, ✡
om
uw woorden te bewaken.
102
Mijn weg is van uw regels niet geweken, ✡
want gij
hebt ze mij gewezen.
103
Mijn gehemelte waren
      uw toezeggingen zoeter ✡
dan honing was voor mijn mond!
104
Mij schonken uw orders verstand, ✡
daarom ben ik
ieder leugenpad gaan haten.

Nun. Lucerna pedibus meis.
105
Naar waar mijn pad voert is uw woord mij
een licht, ✡
een lamp voor mijn voeten.
106
Nu ik het heb gezworen
      zal ik het gestand doen: ✡
te bewaken
uw regels, zo rechtvaardig.
107
Nu ik ten zeerste ben gebogen, ✡
Ene,
doe mij leven, naar uw woord.
108
Neem toch, Ene,
      de geloften van mijn mond
      in welbehagen aan, ✡
wil mij uw regels leren.
109
Nooit heb ik
uw onderricht vergeten, ✡
al lag mijn ziel mij voortdurend
los in de hand.
110
Nooit ben ik weggedoold
van wat gij hebt verordend, ✡
al legden boosdoeners mij een strik.
111
Nu zijn uw overeenkomsten
      mijn erfdeel voor eeuwig, ✡
ja, zij zijn de blijdschap van mijn hart.
112
Neigde ik mijn hart
om uw inzettingen te doen, ✡
voor eeuwig is er loon.

Samech. Iniquos odio.
113
Onvaste mensen ben ik gaan haten, ✡
uw onderricht kreeg ik lief.
114
Op uw woord bleef ik wachten: ✡
mijn verberging, mijn schild waart gij.
115
O kwaadstichters, gaat van mij heen, ✡
ik wil houden
de geboden van mijn God!
116
Ondersteun mij, naar uw toezegging,
      en ik zal leven, ✡
beschaam mij
in mijn verwachting niet!
117
Onderstut mij, en ik zal gered zijn,- ✡
worden verkwikt door uw inzettingen
voortdurend.
118
Ontduikers van uw inzettingen veracht gij: ✡
niets dan leugen
is hun sluwheid.
119
Op alle bozen der aarde zult ge neerkijken
als uitschot; ✡
eens te meer
kreeg ik uw overeenkomsten lief.
120
Om schrik voor u sidderde mijn vlees, ✡
voor uw regels kreeg ik ontzag!

Ain. Feci iudicium.
121
Plichtsgetrouw deed ik
      gerechtigheid en recht,- ✡
leger mij niet
bij mijn onderdrukkers!
122
Posteer u voor uw dienaar ten goede, ✡
dat onbekookten mij niet onderdrukken.
123
Popelend zagen mijn ogen
      uit naar uw reddende werk, ✡
naar uw gerechtigheid zoals voorzegd.
124
Passend en recht naar uw vriendschap,
      doe zo met uw dienaar, ✡
uw inzettingen, wil mij die leren.
125
Pleiten wil ik:
      ik dien u, schenk gij mij inzicht, ✡
dat ik uw overeenkomsten
leer kennen.
126
Precies nu is het tijd, Ene, voor een daad: ✡
gebroken hebben ze
uw Wet!
127
Paarlen echter zijn mij uw geboden, ✡
ik heb ze liever
dan goud en het edelste metaal.
128
Paden van leugen,
      ik ben ze alle gaan haten, ✡
daarom houd ik al uw orders
alle voor recht!

Fe. Mirabilia.
129
Ronduit wonderbaar
      zijn uw overeenkomsten, ✡
daarom
is mijn ziel ze gaan houden.
130
Rondom uw geopende woorden
      schijnt licht, ✡
eenvoudigen schenkt dat inzicht.
131
’n Roofvogel gelijk,
      mijn mond opengesperd hijg ik het uit, ✡
want mijn verlangen is naar uw geboden.
132
Richt u tot mij, wees mij genadig, ✡
zoals het recht is
voor minnaars van uw naam.
133
Richt mijn schreden naar wat gij toezegt, ✡
laat alle onheil niet over mij heersen.
134
Red mij, koop mij vrij van ’s mensen
      verdrukking, ✡
dat ik uw orders
kan bewaken.
135
Raak met het licht van uw aanschijn
      uw dienaar aan, ✡
uw inzettingen,
wil mij die leren.
136
Rivieren water daalden neer uit mijn ogen, ✡
omdat zij
uw onderricht niet hebben bewaakt!

Sade. Iustus es.
137
Strikt rechtvaardig zijt gij, o Ene, ✡
rechtuit
zijn uw regels.
138
Streng naar gerechtigheid
      hebt gij geboden ✡
uw overeenkomsten, en trouw.
139
’n Schim maakte van mij mijn ijver, ✡
daar mijn benauwers uw woorden vergaten.
140
Smeltzuiver is wat gij toezegt, ✡
het is dat wat uw dienaar zo mint.
141
Schoon ik gering ben en geminacht, ✡
heb ik uw orders
niet vergeten.
142
Slechts uw rechtvaardiging
      is gerechtigheid voor eeuwig, ✡
getrouw is uw Wet!
143
Schaadden mij
      benauwing en verdrukking: ✡
mijn verkwikkingen waren
uw geboden.
144
Stand houdt uw gerechtigheid,
      uw overeenkomsten, voor eeuwig: ✡
doe ze mij verstaan, dat ik mag leven!

Coph. Clamavi.
145
Tot u riep ik met heel mijn hart:
      ‘Ene, geef mij antwoord!- ✡
uw inzettingen zal ik houden!’
146
Tot u heb ik geroepen: ‘red mij!- ✡
ik zal uw overeenkomsten
bewaken!’
147
Terwijl het nog nacht was
      schreeuwde ik om hulp, ✡
op uw woorden bleef ik wachten.
148
Tussen de waken wachtten mijn ogen ✡
om uw toezeggingen
te overpeinzen.
149
Toon uw vriendschap: hoor mijn stem!- ✡
Ene,
gij die recht doet: doe mij leven!
150
Te na zijn gekomen
      die jagen op schande, ✡
van uw onderricht zich verre hebben gezet.
151
Toch zijt gij, Ene, veel nader, ✡
en al uw geboden zijn getrouw.
152
Thans en vanouds weet ik
      uit uw overeenkomsten: ✡
dat gij ze voor eeuwig hebt gegrondvest.

Res. Vide humilitatem meam.
153
Verleen mij vrijheid, zie mijn ellende, ✡
want uw onderricht
heb ik nooit vergeten.
154
Voer mijn geding en verlos mij, ✡
om uw toezegging: doe mij leven!
155
Ver van bozen is elke redding, ✡
want uw inzettingen
zochten zij niet.
156
Veelvuldig, Ene, zijn uw ontfermingen; ✡
naar uw regels: doe mij leven!
157
Vele waren mijn vervolgers,
      mijn benauwers,- ✡
van uw overeenkomsten
ben ik nooit geweken.
158
Vol afschuw zag ik de verraders aan ✡
die wat gij toezegt
niet hebben bewaakt.
159
Verordeningen van u zijn mijn liefde,
wil dat zien! ✡
Ene,
toon uw vriendschap, doe mij leven!
160
Van A tot Z is uw woord betrouwbaar, ✡
voor eeuwig
is al uw rechtspraak rechtvaardig!

Sen. Principes persecuti sunt.
161
Wel vervolgden mij vorsten om niets, ✡
maar mijn hart duchtte slechts
uw woorden.
162
Wat gij toezegt, daarom ben ik vrolijk, ✡
als een vinder van
roofgoed overvloedig!
163
Wie liegt ben ik gaan haten,
      was mij een gruwel, ✡
uw onderricht heb ik bemind.
164
Wel zevenmaal daags heb ik u geloofd ✡
om
uw gerechte regels.
165
Wie minnen uw onderricht,
      hun vrede is overvloedig, ✡
geen struikeling ligt op hun pad!
166
Wachten zal ik, o Ene,
      op uw reddende werk, ✡
uw geboden zal ik doen!
167
Waken zal mijn ziel
      over uw overeenkomsten, ✡
ik min die bovenmate!
168
Waken zal ik over uw verordeningen
      en uw overeenkomsten, ✡
ja, al mijn wegen liggen voor u bloot!

Thav. Appropinquet deprecatio.
169
Zij nadere, mijn jammerklacht,
      tot uw aanschijn, Ene; ✡
schenk mij inzicht, naar uw woord.
170
Zij kome, mijn smeking,
      voor uw aanschijn; ✡
zoals gij hebt toegezegd:
ontruk mij!
171
Zingen zullen mijn lippen
      uw lof uitbundig, ✡
als gij mij uw inzettingen leert.
172
Zo zal mijn tong op uw toezegging
      antwoorden, ✡
want gerechtigheid zijn al uw geboden.
173
Zij uw hand daar om mij te helpen, ✡
nu ik voor uw orders heb gekozen.
174
Zeer diep verlang ik, o Ene,
      naar uw reddende werk, ✡
uw onderricht
is mijn verkwikking.
175
Zal mijn ziel leven, zij zal u loven, ✡
uw rechtsregels zullen mij helpen!
176
Zo ik verdwaald ben,
als een schaap verloren,
zoek dan uw dienaar, ✡
want uw geboden
zal ik niet vergeten!

Tot Lof van God translation:

Ah, hoe gelukkig, zij die van onbesproken gedrag zijn,
wandelend naar de Wet van Jehovah!
2
Ah, hoe gelukkig, zij die Zijn vermaningen volgen,
die van ganser harte vorsen naar Hem!
3
Aan onrecht hebben zij zich niet schuldig gemaakt,
naar .Zijn wegen wandelden zij.

4
Aangaande U, U hebt Uw voorschriften geboden
om strikt te worden nageleefd.
5
Ach, mogen mijn wegen erop gericht zijn,
daadwerkelijk Uw wetten te houden.
6
Als ik dat doe, dan is er geen reden tot schaamte,
ik bestudeer werkelijk al Uw geboden.
7
Aan U betuig ik, oprecht van hart, mijn dank,
terwijl ik omtrent Uw rechtvaardige oordelen leer.
8
Aan Uw wetten wil ik mij houden,
o, verlaat mij niet geheel en al…

9
Beginnend bij de jeugd al, waardoor houdt men zijn pad echt rein?
Welnu, door conform Uw woord oppassend en deugdzaam te zijn.
10
Bewust en van ganser harte heb ik naar U gevorst,
o, doe mij niet afdwalen van Uw geboden.
11
Blijvend heb ik dat wat U zegt in mijn hart geborgen,
teneinde jegens U niet te vervallen tot zonde.
12
Bovenal wil ik U zegenen, Jehovah,
o, wil mij Uw wetten toch leren.
13
Bekendgemaakt heb ik ze, met eigen lippen,
alle oordelen van Uw mond.
14
Blij was ik vanwege de weg van Uw vermaningen, ja opgetogen,
zoals over wat voor weelde maar ook.
15
Bezig zijn met Uw voorschriften, dat is wat ik wil,
ik wil Uw paden daadwerkelijk beschouwen.
16
Вijzonder ingenomen ben ik met Uw wetten,
Uw woord zal ik beslist niet vergeten.

17
Doe daarom dienovereenkomstig jegens Uw knecht en ik zal leven;
maar al te graag wil ik Uw woord onderhouden.
18
Dus ontsluier mijn ogen, ik wil ze beschouwen:
de wonderen uit Uw Wet.
19
Dit land echter… ik voel mij hier een vreemde.
O, wil Uw geboden voor mij niet verbergen,
20
daar mijn ziel vergaat van verlangen
naar Uw oordelen, de hele tijd door.
21
Die hovaardige lieden echter, die gaat U bestraffen, die vervloekten,
die alsmaar afdwalen van Uw geboden.
22
Doe de smaad van mij weg, de verachting,
ik heb Uw vermaningen immers behoed.
23
Die prominenten zaten zelfs bijeen, over mij met elkaar overleggend,
terwijl Uw knecht slechts bezig was met Uw wetten.
24
De vermaningen van U zijn mij een genoegen,
het zijn mijn raadslieden juist.

25
En daarom smeekt mijn ziel, verkleefd aan het stof:
‘O, doe naar Uw woord mij weer leven,
26
en antwoord mij – ik heb van mijn handelen verteld –
leer mij Uw wetten,
27
en doe mij de weg van Uw voorschriften verstaan;
ik houd mij met Uw wonderwerken graag bezig!’
28
Evenwel is mijn ziel bedroefd door kommer en kwel,
o, richt mij op naar Uw woord,
29
en doe de leugenweg van mij weg,
begunstig mij met Uw Wet daarentegen.
30
Echte trouw is de weg die ik heb verkozen,
Uw oordelen stonden voor mij voorop,
31
en Uw vermaningen, aan hen ben ik gehecht,
o Jehovah, stel mij niet teleur!
32 En zo, zo ga ik moeiteloos de weg van Uw geboden,
U bezorgt mij een opgeruimd hart.

33
Feitelijk vraag ik, Jehovah, toon mij de weg van Uw wetten,
ik neem die echt en volledig in acht.
34
Feitelijk vraag ik, geef mij begrip, ik neem Uw Wet echt in acht,
van ganser harte wil ik mij daaraan houden.
35
Feitelijk vraag ik, doe mij het pad van Uw geboden betreden,
want dat is mijn lust en mijn leven!
36
Fatsoen in plaats van gewin! O, neig mijn hart tot Uw vermaningen
en niet tot louter winstbejag.
37
Fatsoen! Mogen mijn ogen wegzien van wat waardeloos-leeg is,
doe mij door Uw weg leven.
38
Frank en vrij vraag ik jegens Uw knecht gestand te doen wat U zegt,
hetgeen tot vrees voor U is.
39
Feitelijk vrees ik de smaad nog het meest; o doe die voorbijgaan,
Uw oordelen zijn immers goed.
40
Feit is dat ik naar Uw voorschriften verlangd heb, zoals U ook ziet,
doe door Uw rechtvaardigheid mij daarom leven!
41
Groots is Uw loyale liefde, Jehovah; doe mij die ervaren,
met daarbij Uw redding, zoals U die hebt aangezegd.
42
Geen vrees koester ik voor wie mij smaadt, ik heb een weenvoord,
ik heb vertrouwen gesteld in Uw woord;
43
geenszins ontzegt U mijn mond het woord der waarheid compleet,
naar Uw oordeel zag ik uit met verlangen,
44
gelijk ik Uw Wet voortdurend houden wil,
voor altijd en eeuwig!
45
Gaan en staan wil ik in alle openheid,
Uw voorschriften heb ik diepgaand doorvorst.
46
Graag bespreek ik Uw vermaningen,
ten overstaan van koningen zelfs,
en zonder me daarvoor te schamen.
47
Geweldig blij ben ik met Uw geboden,
die ik zo liefheb.
48
Graag hef ik mijn handen naar Uw geboden;
die heb ik lief, met Uw wetten houd ik mij gaarne bezig.

49
Houd toch dat woord in gedachten, het woord tot Uw knecht,
dat waar U mij vol verwachting naar uit hebt doen zien,
50
hetgeen mij in mijn lijden tot troost was,
omdat wat U mij zei, mij leven deed;
51
hovaardige lieden hadden mij verschrikkelijk bespot,
niettemin week ik niet van Uw Wet.
52
Het waren Uw oordelen van vanouds, daaraan dacht ik, Jehovah,
en ik wist me getroost.
53
Hevige opwinding had mij aangegrepen,
juist vanwege die gewetenloze lieden,
vanwege hen die Uw Wet verlaten.
54
Het was toen dat Uw wetten mij werden als was het muziek
– hier in mijn tijdelijke thuis,
55
hier, waar ik ’s nachts Uw naam indachtig was, Jehovah,
waar ik aan Uw Wet mij wenste te houden –
56
hetgeen mij gebeurde
omdat ik op Uw voorschriften opmerkzaam was.

57
Ik zei daarbij: ‘Bepalend voor mij is Jehovah’,
Uw woorden te houden.
58
Ik zocht met heel mijn hart U te vermurwen;
o, wees mij goedgunstig naar hetgeen U gezegd hebt.
59
Ik heb mij n wegen overdacht,
ik wend mijn voeten tot Uw vermaningen;
60
ik heb mij zonder aarzelen gehaast juist
om Uw geboden te houden.
61
Ingesnoerd was ik door de koorden der wettelozen,
ik was Uw Wet echter geenszins vergeten;
62
ik sta zelfs midden in de nacht op om U te danken
voor Uw rechtvaardige oordelen.
63
Ik ben deelgenoot van al wie U vrezen,
van wie zich aan Uw voorschriften houden.
64
Inderdaad Jehovah, Uw loyale goedheid heeft de aarde vervuld.
Leer mij Uw wetten!

65
Jegens Uw knecht hebt U het goede gedaan,
Jehovah, geheel naar Uw woord;
66
juist omtrent inzicht en kennis, leer mij daarvan de waarde,
in Uw geboden stel ik vertrouwen.
67
Ja, ik was dwalende, voor ik terechtkwam in die vernederende ellende,
maar nu heb ik mij gehouden aan dat wat U zegt.
68
Ja, U bent goed en U doet goed,
leer mij Uw wetten!
69
Ja, die hovaardige lieden hebben mij besmeurd met de leugen
– terwijl ik juist met volle inzet op Uw voorschriften let –
70
ja, hard als vet werd hun hart, gevoelloos
– terwijl ik aan Uw Wet juist genoegen beleef!
71
Juist goed was het voor mij dat ik vernedering heb ondergaan, zo leer ik des te meer van Uw wetten;
72
ja, goed was het voor mij, de Wet van Uw mond,
beter dan goud of zilver in stapels.

73
Konden Uw handen mij al maken en bevestigen,
schenk mij nu ook begrip, ik uil Uw geboden maar al te graag leren.
74
Konden zij die U vrezen mij zien,
dan zouden zij zich erover verheugen dat ik Uw woord verlangend verwacht heb.
75
Klaar helder werd het mij, Jehovah, dat Uw oordelen terecht zijn
en dat het uit getrouwheid was, dat U mij vernedering deed ondergaan.
76
Kom mij nu echter met Uw loyale goedheid vertroosten alstublieft,
naar dat wat U Uw knecht hebt gezegd.
77
Komt Uw mededogen mij toe, zo moge ik leven.
Uw Wet is mij een bijzonder genoegen!
78
Komen hovaardige lieden mij valselijk te na,
Mogen zij beschaamd staan
– ik blijf hoe dan ook met Uw voorschriften bezig.
79
Keerden liever zij die U vrezen naar mij terug!
Degenen die Uw vermaningen erkennen.
80
Kortom, moge mijn hart Uw wetten volmaakt zijn toegedaan,
zodat ik mij niet hoef te schamen.

81
Langdurig heeft mijn ziel naar Uw redding gesmacht,
ik heb Uw woord verlangend verwacht;
82
langdurig hebben mijn ogen gesmacht naar dat wat U zegt,
zeggend zo: ‘O, wanneer komt U mij troosten?’
83
Langdurig hangt een voorraadzak in de rook;
welnu, zo voel ik mij ook,
maar toch, ik ben Uw wetten beslist niet vergeten.
84
Laat mij echter weten hoe lang nog, hoeveel dagen resten uw knecht,
wanneer gaat U aan mijn vervolgers het oordeel voltrekken?
85
Listig groeven die hovaardige lieden menig valkuil voor mij
– hetgeen toch niet naar Uw Wet is,
86
louter getrouwheid zijn immers al Uw geboden.
Leugenachtig echter hebben ze mij vervolgd, help mij toch!
87
Laaghartig hebben ze mij zowat van de aarde verdelgd,
Uw voorschriften echter heb ik beslist niet verlaten.
88
Laat mij naar Uw loyale goedheid leven,
de vermaningen van Uw mond wil ik houden.

89
Met recht voor altijd, Jehovah,
is Uw woord gesteld in de hemel;
90
met Uw trouw, van geslacht op geslacht,
hebt U de aarde bevestigd waardoor die blijft staan;
91
maar evenzo blijven Uw oordelen overeind, ook vandaag,
alles immers is dienstbaar aan U.
92
Maar o, als toch niet Uw Wet mijn genoegen geweest was,
dan was ik allang in mijn ellende vergaan;
93
met andere woorden, Uw voorschriften zal ik nimmer vergeten,
daardoor immers deed U mij leven;
94
meer nog, ik hoor juist bij U, red mij daarom;
naar Uw voorschriften heb ik diepgaand gevorst.
95
Men trachtte mij weliswaar te gronde te richten
– daarop hadden die gewetenloze lieden gehoopt –
ik tracht juist Uw vermaningen te doorgronden.
96
Meende ik dat alle volmaaktheid uiteindelijk eindig is,
nu bemerk ik dat Uw gebod geweldig uitgebreid is!

97
Nu dan, hoe liefheb ik Uw Wet,
heel de dag ben ik daar in gedachten mee bezig!
98
Niet alleen maakt Uw gebod mij wijzer dan mijn vijanden zijn,
doordat het er altijd voor mij zal zijn,
99
nog dieper dan dat van al mijn leraren, zo werd mijn inzicht,
doordat Uw vermaningen mijn intense bezigheid waren;
100
nog meer dan de oudsten geef ik blijk van begrip,
doordat ik oplettend op Uw voorschriften was.
101
Niet alleen weerhield ik mijn voeten van welk slecht pad maar ook,
opdat ik daardoor Uw woord kon onderhouden,
102
nog meer telt dit, van Uw oordelen week ik niet af
omdat U het was, U hebt mij zelf onderwezen!
103
Nu dan, hoe zacht en weldadig is wat U zegt voor mijn verhemelte,
zachter dan honing voor mijn mond:
104
nu, door Uw voorschriften juist, ga ik pas werkelijk begrijpen,
om die reden juist, heb ik alle vormen van liegen gehaat.

105
Ontegenzeggelijk is Uw woord een lamp voor mijn voet,
een licht voor mijn pad;
106
on voorwaardelijk heb ik gezworen dat gestand te doen:
aan Uw rechtvaardige oordelen mij werkelijk te houden.
107
Ondertussen echter ben ik zeer terneergeslagen,
o Jehovah, doe naar Uw woord mij toch leven!
108
O Jehovah, heb een welgevallen alstublieft
aan wat mijn mond U geven wil,
o, wil mij Uw oordelen leren.
109
Onafgebroken klamp ik mij noodgedwongen vast aan het leven
– waarbij ik Uw Wet geenszins ben vergeten –
110
omdat gewetenloze lieden een klapnetvoor mij hebben gezet
– maar ik ben niet afgedwaald van Uw voorschriften.
111
Om die reden heb ik mij voor altijd Uw vermaningen eigen gemaakt,
zij zijn de uitbundigheid van mijn hart;
112
op het volbrengen van Uw wetten heb ik mijn hart gezet,
en dat voor altijd, en … volledig!
113
Pervers handelen haat ik,
Uw Wet daarentegen, die heb ik lief.
114
Plaats van beschutting, dat bent U voor mij, U bent mijn schild,
verlangend heb ik uitgezien naar Uw woord.
115
Past daarom op, kwaaddoeners, gaat weg van mij,
de geboden van mijn God, die wil ik bewaren.
116
Pak mij vast, [o God,] steun mij naar wat U zegt, opdat ik mag leven;
stel mij niet teleur in wat ik verwacht.
117
Pak mij vast, schraag mij, opdat ik mag worden gered,
ik wil Uw wetten voortdurend beschouwen.
118
Prachtig dat U allen veracht die van Uw wetten wijken,
daar hun bedrog een klinkklare leugen is;
119
precies als schuimslakken doet U hen weg,
al die wettelozen der aarde,
daarom heb ik Uw vermaningen lief, maar…
120
precies daarom huiverde mijn lichaam, uit angst voor U;
wegens Uw oordelen was ik bevreesd.

121
Recht en gerechtigheid heb ik betracht,
laat mij niet aan mijn afpersers nu;
122
roep het goede over mij af, sta borg voor Uw knecht,
laat die hovaardige lieden mij niet meer afpersen.
123
Redding door U, daarnaar hebben mijn ogen gesmacht,
naar Uw rechtvaardig verdict.
124
Reik mij Uw loyale goedheid, doe zo met Uw knecht
en leer mij Uw wetten.
125
Raad mij, geef mij begrip – ik ben toch Uw knecht? –
opdat ik Uw vermaningen daadwerkelijk mag kennen.
126
Reeds nu is het ‘Jehovah’s tijd om in te grijpen’,
ze hebben Uw Wet immers gebroken,
127
reden waarom Uw geboden mij zo lief waren,
meer dan goud, ja zuiver goud.
128
Reden waarom ik alle voorschriften…
O, dat alles onderschrijf ik;
ieder leugenpad heb ik gehaat.

129
Subliem zijn Uw vermaningen, wonderen zijn het
– reden waarom mijn ziel ze heeft gekoesterd.
130
Stralend is het licht zodra Uw woorden worden ontvouwd,
daar is begrip, ook bij de eenvoudigen.
131
Spontaan sper ik mijn mond; ik snak echt,
ja, ik hunker naar Uw geboden.
132
Schenk mij aandacht, wees mij goedgunstig,
zoals U hen beschouwt die Uw naam beminnen.
133
Sterk mij in mijn schreden, naar hetgeen U zegt,
zodat geen enkel onrecht mij zal beheersen.
134
Stop echter die aardse afzetterij, koop mij los;
ik wil Uw voorschriften graag onderhouden, dus
135
schijn op Uw knecht met Uw lichtend aangezicht
en leer mij Uw wetten.
136
Stroomde het mij als water uit de ogen,
dat was omdat men Uw Wet niet wenste te houden.

137
Terwijl U volstrekt rechtvaardig bent, Jehovah
– Uw oordelen zijn juist en terecht,
138
tot gerechtigheid gebood U Uw vermaningen,
tot trouw in het bijzonder –
139
toch heeft mijn naijver mij vrijwel verteerd,
mijn tegenstanders wensten Uw woorden te vergeten,
140
terwijl dat wat U zegt volstrekt zuiver is,
Uw knecht is daarop bijzonder gesteld.
141
Toch word ik geminacht en veracht,
maar Uw voorschriften ben ik geenszins vergeten,
142
terwijl ik besef dat uw rechtvaardigheid gerechtigheid is, voor altijd,
en dat Uw Wet bestendig is.
143
Toch hebben benauwdheid en moeite mij gevonden,
terwijl Uw geboden mij genoegen hebben bereid;
144
temeer besef ik dat de gerechtigheid van Uw vermaningen
er is voor altijd,
doe mij die begrijpen opdat ik mag leven.

145
Uit het diepst van mijn hart heb ik geroepen; o Jehovah, antwoord mij,
ik wal oplettend zijn op Uw wetten.
146
U riep ik aan, o red mij,
ik wil Uw vermaningen graag onderhouden.
147
Uiterst vroeg al, bij het ochtendgloren, walde ik schreeuwden om hulp
– op Uw w’oorden heb ik gewacht –
148
uiterst vroeg al, daar waren mijn ogen de nachtwaken voor,
om bezig te gaan met dat wat U zegt.
149
Uit verbondenheid vraag ik U alstublieft naar mijn stem te luisteren,
o Jehovah, dat ik naar Uw oordeel leven mag.
150
U ziet hoe zij die de schanddaad najagen mij genaderd zijn,
intussen zijn zij ver van Uw Wet.
151
U echter, Jehovah, U bent nabij,
al Uw geboden zijn waar,
152
Uw vermaningen heb ik van oudsher af gekend,
U hebt die vastgelegd voor altijd.

153
Vanwege mijn ellende – zie toch! – vraag ik, wil mij bevrijden
– ik ben Uw Wet niet vergeten –
154
voer de twiststrijd voor mij en verlos mij,
doe mij toch leven zoals U toegezegd hebt.
155
Ver weg is voor gewetenlozen de redding,
want ze hebben niet gevorst naar Uw wetten.
156
Veelomvattend is Uw mededogen, Jehovah,
doe mij naar Uw oordelen leven;
157
velen immers vervolgen mij, mijn tegenstanders,
maar ik ben van Uw vermaningen niet afgeweken.
158 Verraders zag ik, ik walgde van hen,
omdat ze zich niet wilden houden aan dat wat U zegt.
159
Van Uw voorschriften heb ik gehouden.
O, zie naar mij om,
o Jehovah, doe naar Uw loyale goedheid mij leven.
160
Van Uw woord is waarheid de som der delen,
heel Uw rechtvaardige oordeel is voor altijd.

161
Waren het vorsten zelfs die mij zonder reden vervolgden,
toch is mijn hart slechts voor Uw woorden beducht;
162
wat U zegt maakt mij in ieder geval opgetogen,
als betrof het de vondst van een formidabele buit.
163
Waar ik de leugen heb gehaat, ja verfoeid,
daar was Uw Wet mij lief;
164
wel zevenmaal daags zong ik U lof toe
vanwege Uw rechtvaardige oordelen.
165
Welzijn en vrede is er voor hen die op Uw Wet zijn gesteld,
voor hen is er geen struikelblok.
166
Werkelijk vol verwachting heb ik uitgezien naar Uw redding,
Uw geboden heb ik ten uitvoer gebracht,
167
waarbij ik met heel mijn ziel Uw vermaningen wilde houden;
ik was daarop bijzonder gesteld.
168
Want ik heb Uw voorschriften, Uw vermaningen gehouden;
in al mijn wegen was ik mij van U terdege bewust.

169
Zo moge mijn klaagzang tot Uw aangezicht naderen, Jehovah,
geef naar Uw woord mij daadwerkelijk begrip;
170
zo moge mijn smeekbede tot Uw aangezicht komen,
o, bevrijd mij toch naar hetgeen U hebt gezegd.
171
Zo moge mijn lippen lof doen opwellen,
aangezien U mij onderwijst in Uw wetten.
172
Zo moge mijn tong hetgeen U zegt ook bezingen,
aangezien al Uw geboden gerechtigheid zijn.
173
Zo moge Uw hand tot hulp voor mij zijn,
Uw voorschriften immers heb ik verkozen.
174
Zo heb ik verlangd naar Uw redding, Jehovah,
met Uw Wet als mijn grootste genoegen.
175
Zo moge mijn ziel leven en U loven,
waar Uw oordeel mij tot hulp zal zijn.
176
Zoals een verloren schaap, zo dwaalde ik rond;
o, zoek toch Uw knecht.
Uw geboden ben ik geenszins vergeten!

With thanks to Thamara van Eijzeren

In the translation by Josua Boesch into the Zürich German dialect (Züritüütsch) of Swiss German (publ. 2009 ), the Psalms were also translated while maintaining the acrostic. (Click or tap here for the first 24 verses of this psalm in Zürich German.)

1 Am beschte gaat s dène,
wo uufrächt de wääg gönd
i de spuure vo IMM siner TORAA.
2 Am schöönschte isch s läbe
im gsprööch mit imm,
und wämen inn suecht vo ganzem hèèrze.
3 Au tuet mer käis unrächt uf dèm wääg,
won èr mit äim gaat.
4 A diich wott i miich halte,
duu säisch mer wodure.
5 Ach, gieng ich min wääg
doch fescht und entschlosse,
esoo wie duu mer en zäigt häsch.
6 A reschpäkt wüür s mer nöd fèèle,
Wän i diini gebott imer wüür reschpektiere.
7 Au iich wott diir tanke us luuterem hèèrze,
wän i uswändig leere,
was duu mer verordnisch.
8 A diini voorschlèèg wott ich mi halte,
las mi doch nöd im stich.

9 Bi diir und diim woort sich oriäntiere,
daas bewaart uf em graade wääg,
wä me jung isch.
10 Bi diir suech i raat,
las mi nöd abchoo vo dèmm,
wo duu mer raatisch.
11 Behüete wott i diis woort ganz zinnerscht,
a diir wett i mi scho nöd verfèèle.
12 Bewundere wott i nu DICH
prèèg mer fescht ii, was duu mi gleert häsch.
13 Bi diir bliibt e käis woort verschlosse,
duu läisch mer s uf d lippe,
das i s wiiter verzele.
14 Bim grööschte riichtum wèr i nöd eso glückli
wien uf diim wääg, won i gfunde han.
15 Bi dène wääg, wo duu mit öis gaasch,
gspüürt me ganz tüütli, wo s duregaat.
16 Begläitet häsch duu miich,
wien i mer s nie hett la tröime.
Wie chönnt i diis woort au vergässe!

17 Chumm, gib dèm,
wo für diich läbt und liidet, nöis läbe,
dänn chan er dis woort scho erfüle.
18 Chèèntsch mer nöd d augen uuftue,
das iich a de wunder vo diner TORAA
nöd verbiiluege?
19 Chumm doch,
ich bi nu en gascht uf der èrde,
verbiirg mer nöd s ghämnis vo diine gebott.
20 Chumm duu doch sälber
und hilf mer i minere seensucht
nach diir und diineren antwort.
21 Chumm lueg,
und weer dfene, wo sich so ubermüetig benämed.
Verfluecht, wèr diis gebott umgaat!
22 Chumm,
nimm mer d schand und de spott,
ich ha ja ghalte, was du verlangt häsch.
23 Chumm lueg,
wie di groosse mis läbe verhandled,
aber iich anerchäne nu daas,
wo duu über miich pschlüüssisch.
24 Chumm äntli,
nu s gsprööch mit diir
cha mer raate und cha mi rächt fröje.

Fausto Liriano created a Spanish version of this psalm with the acrostics intact. (Click or tap here for the complete psalm in Spanish)

A
1 A los de camino recto,
que avanzan en la Palabra del Señor:
Dios los bendice.
2 A los que viven de acuerdo a sus testimonios,
y han invertido todo en buscarle:
Dios los bendice.
3 Aquellos que no hacen maldad
y se conducen por sus caminos.
4 Acatar tus preceptos
has mandado.
5 ¡Ah, si se enderezara mi vida
para cumplir tus decretos!
6 Así no sentiría vergüenza
de observar tus mandamientos.
7 Alabaré con diligencia
cuando aprenda tus justos juicios.
8 Atenderé a tus enseñanzas
¡Nunca me abandones!

B
9 ¿Blanquearía el joven los caminos de su vida?
¡Claro que sí! Guardando tu Palabra.
10 Buscarte con todo me he propuesto
No permitas que me desvíe.
11 Bien grabados en mi mente
están tus dichos,
pues no quiero pecar contra Ti.
12 ¡Bendito eres Señor!
Enséñame tus decretos.
13 [mi] Boca anuncia
todos los juicios de tus labios.
14 Bonanza y alegría me dan tus testimonios,
¡Más que todas las riquezas!
15 Buscaré tus caminos,
Meditaré en tus preceptos.
16 Bienestar y deleite encuentro en tus decretos,
No olvidaré tus palabras.

C
17 Concédele a tu siervo larga vida,
y guardaré tu Palabra.
18 Cubiertos están mis ojos,
Descúbrelos, así podré ver
las maravillas de las Escrituras.
19 Camino de paso en esta tierra,
no escondas de mi tus mandamientos
20 Con gran anhelo y todo el tiempo,
mi alma desea tus juicios.
21 Confronta al arrogante y al malvado,
pues se han apartado de tus mandamientos.
22 Corre de mi la vergüenza y el desprecio,
pues me mantengo fiel a tus testimonios.
23 Conspiran contra mi los poderosos,
aún así tu siervo medita en tus decretos.
24 Consuelo e instrucción
son tus testimonios,
¡En ellos me deleito!

D
25 Del polvo se pega mi alma,
reanímame con tu Palabra.
26 De todos mis planes te di cuentas
¡y me respondiste!
Enséñame tus decretos.
27 Dame discernimiento para caminar en tus preceptos
y meditaré en tus maravillas.
28 De angustia transpira mi alma
¡levántame con tu Palabra!
29 De la senda engañosa apártame,
muéstrame tu gracia en tu Palabra.
30 Decidido estoy a caminar en tu fidelidad,
afírmame en tus juicios.
31 De tus testimonios me he aferrado,
no permitas que sea avergonzado.
32 [me] Desplazo rápidamente
por el camino de tus mandamientos,
porque has ampliado mi manera de pensar.

E
33 Enséñame Señor, cómo se recorre el camino de tus decretos,
y lo seguiré hasta el final.
34 En tu Palabra hazme entendido,
y me concentraré en obedecerla.
35 Encamina mis pasos por tus mandamientos,
¡no disfruto nada más!
36 Expande mi mente con tus testimonios,
y aléjame de ganancias mal habidas.
37 En tus caminos se preserva mi vida,
¡Aparta mis ojos de disparates!
38 Edifica a tu siervo con tu Palabra,
pues solo a Tí te doy honra.
39 El pensar que seré avergonzado me aterra,
¡Líbrame! ¡Qué buenos son tus juicios!
40 En tu justicia encuentro vida
¡Cómo deseo tus preceptos!

F
41 Favoréceme con tu gran amor, Señor,
Y sálvame de acuerdo a tu Palabra.
42 [al] Fastidioso podré responder,
Pues confío en tus caminos.
43 Fija en mi boca, cada día, la Palabra de Verdad,
Pues en tus juicios espero.
44 Fielmente guardaré tu Palabra,
¡Todos los días de mi vida!
45 Firme he sido en buscar tus preceptos,
Por eso puedo caminar con libertad.
46 Frente a gente de poder
hablaré de tus testimonios,
¡No me avergonzaré!
47 ¡Feliz con tus mandamientos!
Los amo.
48 Fuente de felicidad son tus decretos,
Amo tus mandamientos,
a ellos levanto mis manos.

G
49 Garantízame que recordarás lo que prometiste a tu siervo,
esas palabras son mi esperanza.
50 Grande es mi miseria, pero este es mi consuelo:
Que tu Palabra me vivifica.
51 Groserías y burlas me lanza el arrogante,
pero no me he desviado de tu Palabra.
52 Grabados tengo tus juicios desde hace muchos años,
y me lleno de consuelo, Señor.
53 Gran indignación es lo que siento, por los malvados
que se olvidan de tu Palabra
54 Grité tus decretos como canciones,
mientras estuve exiliado.
55 Guardaré tu Palabra, Señor,
en las noches recuerdo tu Nombre.
56 Guardar tus preceptos,
¡eso es lo que me corresponde!

H
57 He dicho: “El Señor es mi herencia”,
guardaré tu Palabra.
58 He buscado tu Presencia con todo,
Se bondadoso conmigo por tu Palabra.
59 He pensado en mi forma de vivir,
y decidí volver a la ruta de tus testimonios.
60 Hasta apresuré mis pasos,
y no me he atrasado en vivir por tus mandamientos.
61 Hordas de malvados me rodean,
pero no he olvidado la Palabra del Señor.
62 He despertado a medianoche para agradecerte,
porque tus juicios son justos.
63 [me] He aliado con todo el que te reverencia,
y con aquellos que viven por tus preceptos.
64 He visto que tu amor bondadoso cubre la tierra,
enséñame tus decretos.

I
65 Incúlcame tu bondad, Señor,
de acuerdo a tus promesa.
66 Impárteme conocimiento y dame buen discernimiento
Pues confío en tus mandamientos
67 Insistí en desviarme del camino y me afligí,
ahora me sostiene tu Palabra
68 Instrúyeme en tus decretos,
Eres bueno y me haces bien.
69 Insolentes me atacan con sus mentiras,
Aún así estoy determinado a vivir por tus preceptos.
70 Insensibles se han vuelto en su necedad
En cambio yo en tu Palabra me deleito.
71 ¡Increíble! Pero ser avergonzado me hizo bien,
así me enfoqué en aprender tus decretos.
72 Inspirarme en las Palabras de tu boca
me hace más bien que tener mucho dinero.

J
73 Juntaste mis partes, formándome con tus manos y me afirmaste,
Dame entendimiento para aprender tus mandamientos.
74 Junto a tu Palabra he puesto mi esperanza,
por eso los que te temen me verán y se alegrarán.
75 Justos son tus juicios, de eso estoy seguro,
y creo que tuviste razón en afligirme.
76 Júbilo y paz me provean tu amor compasivo,
De acuerdo a las promesas que le hiciste a este tu siervo.
77 Justo ahora necesito tu compasión para vivir,
Porque disfruto mucho tu Palabra.
78 Jactanciosos insolentes buscaron difamarme, Avergüénzalos.
Yo me alegraré en tus preceptos.
79 Júntense conmigo aquellos que te reverencian,
y los que conocen tus testimonios.
80 Junta las piezas rotas de mi corazón con tus decretos,
para que sea impecable, se que así no andaré en vergüenza.

L
81 Languidece mi alma esperando tu rescate,
en tu Palabra encuentro esperanza.
82 Los ojos se me nublan esperando tus promesas,
y hasta he dicho: ¿cuándo vendrás a consolarme?
83 La piel se me ha quebrado como odre ahumado,
aún así no he olvidado decretos.
84 ¿Le quedarán muchos años a tu siervo?
¿Cuándo harás justicia con los que me persiguen?
85 Los insolentes traman atraparme,
¡Y eso va contra tus leyes!
86 Legítimos son todos tus mandamientos,
pero ellos me persiguen con mentira, ¡ayúdame!
87 La destrucción casi me alcanza en esta tierra,
pero no he dejado de vivir por tus preceptos.
88 Los testimonios de tu boca atesoraré,
por tu amor y bondad déjame vivir.

M
89 Mantienes firme, Señor, en los cielos:
tu Palabra por la eternidad.
90 Miles de generaciones han visto tu fidelidad,
y has establecido los pilares de la tierra.
91 Mantienes cada día firmes con tus juicios
¡todo lo que existe está a tu servicio!
92 Miseria me hubiese consumido,
si no me deleitase en tu Palabra.
93 Me he propuesto no olvidar tus preceptos,
Ellos me vivifican.
94 Mira que soy tuyo, ¡sálvame!
pues solo busco tus preceptos.
95 Malvados me esperan para destruirme,
yo consideraré con seriedad tus testimonios.
96 Me he fijado que todo lo perfecto terminará,
¡pero tus mandamientos no tienen límites!

N
97 ¡Nada amo más que tus instrucciones!
Medito en ellas todo el día.
98 Ninguno de mis detractores son más sabios que yo,
pues llevo siempre tus mandamientos conmigo.
99 Ni mis maestros tienen mejor percepción que yo,
pues tus testimonios son mi meditación.
100 Notable es que entiendo más que los ancianos,
pues me sostengo con tus preceptos.
101 Negado estoy a poner mis pies en sendas malvadas,
para poder guardar tu Palabra.
102 No me desvío de tus juicios,
pues Tú mismo me enseñas.
103 Nada es más dulce a mi paladar que tus promesas.
Es más placentera que la miel en mi boca.
104 Nutro con tus preceptos mi mente,
por eso desprecio todo camino de mentira.

O
105 Observo el camino a la luz de tu Palabra,
es lámpara a mis pies.
106 Obedecer y guardar tus justos juicios
he prometido, y lo he cumplido.
107 ¡Oh, cuánto me aflijo, Señor!
Reanímame con tu Palabra
108 Ofrezco mi voz para alabarte, acéptala Señor,
y enséñame tus juicios.
109 Oscilo entre la vida y la muerte,
Pero no he olvidado tus instrucciones.
110 Ostentan atraparme mis enemigos,
Pero no me he desviado de tus preceptos.
111 Obtengo un gran tesoro con tus testimonios,
pues le dan alegría a mi mente.
112 Ordené mis pensamientos alrededor de tus decretos,
desde ahora hasta la eternidad.

P
113 Por los desleales siento desprecio,
pero amo tu Instrucción.
114 Pongo mi refugio en tu Presencia. Eres mi escudo,
y por tu Palabra tengo esperanza.
115 ¡Pónganse a un lado malvados!
Estoy enfocado en obedecer los mandamientos de Dios.
116 Por tu Palabra sosténme y viviré,
y no dejes que en la espera sea avergonzado.
117 Ponme a salvo con tu sustento,
pues siempre tengo en alto tus decretos.
118 Pon a un lado a todos los que desprecian tus decretos,
Pues se engañan con sus mentiras.
119 Podredumbre y escoria son los perversos de la tierra.
Tú los haces desaparecer,
por eso me enfoco en tus testimonios.
120 Por reverencia a tu Presencia tiembla todo mi ser,
y respeto profundamente tus juicios.

Q
121 Quita de mis hombros la mano del opresor,
Porque hago lo que es recto y justo.
122 Que no me oprima el arrogante,
Concédele a tu siervo bondad.
123 ¡Quiero tu salvación! Mis ojos desfallecen en la espera,
y por tus palabras de justicia.
124 Quiero aprender tus decretos.
Haz con tu siervo de acuerdo a tu amor bondadoso.
125 Quisiera conocer tus testimonios,
Soy tu siervo ¡dame conocimiento!
126 Quebrantan constantemente tus Instrucciones
¡Es tiempo de actuar y hacer lo que le agrada al Señor!
127 ¡Qué amor siento por tus mandamientos!
Más que el oro, más que el oro más fino.
128 Quiero vivir con rectitud y de acuerdo a todos tus preceptos,
por esa razón es que todo camino de mentira he odiado.

R
129 ¡Realmente maravillosos son tus testimonios!
Es por eso que los obedezco.
130 Ruta a la luz son tus Palabras,
Dan entendimiento al simple.
131 ¡Respiro intensamente buscando aire con mi boca!
Pues anhelo tus mandamientos.
132 Regresa a mi y dame tu gracia,
Como haces con aquellos que aman tu Nombre.
133 Realza mis pasos con tus Promesas,
No dejes que los malvados tengan ventaja sobre mi.
134 Redímeme del hombre opresor,
y déjame guardar tus preceptos.
135 Resplandece tu Rostro sobre tu siervo,
y enséñame tus decretos.
136 Ríos de lágrimas fluyen de mis ojos,
Porque la gente no guarda tus Instrucciones.

See these blog posts for sourxe and commentary.

The English Bible translation by Ronald Knox (publ. 1950) maintains almost every Hebrew acrostic (even though Knox’s translation itself is based on the Latin text of the Vulgate rather than the Hebrew). Due to the higher number of letters in the English alphabet, it skips the letters Q, X, Y, and Z. (Click or tap here for the complete Psalm by Ronald Knox)

1 Ah, blessed they, who pass through life’s journey unstained, who follow the law of the Lord!
2 Ah, blessed they, who cherish his decrees, make him the whole quest of their hearts!
3 Afar from wrong-doing, thy sure paths they tread.
4 Above all else it binds us, the charge thou hast given us to keep.
5 Ah, how shall my steps be surely guided to keep faith with thy covenant?
6 Attentive to all thy commandments, I go my way undismayed.
7 A true heart’s worship thou shalt have, thy just awards prompting me.
8 All shall be done thy laws demand, so thou wilt not forsake me utterly.
9 Best shall he keep his youth unstained, who is true to thy trust.
10 Be thou the whole quest of my heart; never let me turn aside from thy commandments.
11 Buried deep in my heart, thy warnings shall keep me clear of sin.
12 Blessed art thou, O Lord, teach me to know thy will.
13 By these lips let the awards thou makest ever be recorded.
14 Blithely as one that has found great possessions, I follow thy decrees.
15 Bethinking me still of the charge thou givest, I will mark thy footsteps.
16 Be thy covenant ever my delight, thy words kept in memory.
17 Crown thy servant with life, to live faithful to thy commands.
18 Clear sight be mine, to contemplate the wonders of thy law.
19 Comfort this earthly exile; do not refuse me the knowledge of thy will.
20 Crushed lies my spirit, longing ever for thy just awards.
21 Chastener of the proud, thy curse lies on all who swerve from thy covenant.
22 Clear me of the reproach that shames me, as I was ever attentive to thy claims.
23 Closeted together, princes plot against me, thy servant, that thinks only of thy decrees.
24 Claims lovingly cherished, decrees that are my counsellors!
25 Deep lies my soul in the dust, restore life to me, as thou hast promised.
26 Deign, now, to shew me thy will, thou who hast listened when I opened my heart to thee.
27 Direct me in the path thou biddest me follow, and all my musing shall be of thy wonderful deeds.
28 Despair wrings tears from me; let thy promises raise me up once more.
29 Deliver me from every false thought; make me free of thy covenant.
30 Duty’s path my choice, I keep thy bidding ever in remembrance.
31 Disappoint me, Lord, never, one that holds fast by thy commandments.
32 Do but open my heart wide, and easy lies the path thou hast decreed.
33 Expound, Lord, thy whole bidding to me; faithfully I will keep it.
34 Enlighten me, to scan thy law closely, and keep true to it with all my heart.
35 Eagerly I long to be guided in the way of thy obedience.
36 Ever let my choice be set on thy will, not on covetous thoughts.
37 Eyes have I none for vain phantoms; let me find life in following thy ways.
38 Establish with me, thy servant, the promise made to thy worshippers.
39 Ease me of the reproach my heart dreads, thou, whose awards are gracious.
40 Each command of thine I embrace lovingly; do thou in thy faithfulness grant me life.
41 For me too, Lord, thy mercy, for me too the deliverance thou hast promised!
42 Fit answer for those who taunt me, that I rely on thy truth.
43 Faithful thy promise, let me not boast in vain; in thy covenant lies my hope.
44 For ever and for evermore true to thy charge thou shalt find me.
45 Freely shall my feet tread, if thy will is all my quest.
46 Fearlessly will I talk of thy decrees in the presence of kings, and be never abashed.
47 Fain would I have all my comfort in the law I love.
48 Flung wide my arms to greet thy law, ever in my thoughts thy bidding.
49 Go not back on the word thou hast pledged to thy servant; there lies all my hope.
50 Good news in my affliction, thy promises have brought me life.
51 Ground down by the scorn of my oppressors, never from thy law I swerve aside.
52 Gracious comfort, Lord, is the memory of thy just dealings in times long past.
53 Great ruth have I to see wrong-doers, and how they abandon thy law.
54 Gone out into a land of exile, of thy covenant I make my song.
55 Gloom of the night finds me still thinking of thy name, Lord, still observant of thy bidding.
56 Guerdon I ask no other, but the following of thy will.
57 Heritage, Lord, I claim no other, but to obey thy word.
58 Heart-deep my supplication before thee for the mercies thou hast promised.
59 Have I not planned out my path, turned aside to follow thy decrees?
60 Haste such as mine can brook no delay in carrying out all thy bidding.
61 Hemmed in by the snares which sinners laid for me, never was I forgetful of thy law.
62 Hearken when I rise at dead of night to praise thee for thy just dealings.
63 How well I love the souls that fear thee, and are true to thy trust!
64 How thy mercy fills the earth, Lord! Teach me to do thy will.
65 In fulfilment of thy promise, Lord, what kindness thou hast shewn thy servant!
66 Inspire, instruct me still; all my hope is in thy covenant.
67 Idly I strayed till thou didst chasten me; no more shall thy warnings go unheeded.
68 Indeed, indeed thou art gracious; teach me to do thy bidding.
69 In vain my oppressors plot against me; thy will is all my quest.
70 Inhuman hearts, curdled with scorn! For me, thy law is enough.
71 It was in mercy thou didst chasten me, schooling me to thy obedience.
72 Is not the law thou hast given dearer to me than rich store of gold and silver?
73 Jealous for the handiwork thou hast made, teach me to understand thy commandments.
74 Joy shall be theirs, thy true worshippers, to see the confidence I have in thy word.
75 Just are thy awards; I know well, Lord, it was in faithfulness thou didst afflict me.
76 Judge me no more; pity and comfort thy servant as thou hast promised.
77 Judge me no more; pardon and life for one that loves thy will!
78 Just be their fall, who wrong me scornfully; thy law is all my study.
79 Joined to my company be every soul that worships thee and heeds thy warnings.
80 Jealously let my heart observe thy bidding; let me not hope in vain.
81 Keeping watch for thy aid, my soul languishes, yet I trust in thy word.
82 Keeping watch for the fulfilment of thy promise, my eyes languish for comfort still delayed.
83 Kitchen-smoke shrivels the wine-skin; so waste I, yet never forget thy will.
84 Knowest thou not how short are thy servant’s days? Soon be my wrongs redressed.
85 Knaves will be plotting against me still, that are no friends to thy law.
86 Knaves they are that wrong me; bring aid, as thy covenant stands unchanging.
87 Keep thy bidding I would, though small hope of life they had left me.
88 Kind as thou ever wert, preserve me; then utter thy bidding, and I will obey.
89 Lord, the word thou hast spoken stands ever unchanged as heaven.
90 Loyal to his promise, age after age, is he who made the enduring earth.
91 Long as time lasts, these shall stand, obeying thy decree, Master of all.
92 Lest I should sink in my affliction, thou hast given thy covenant to be my comfort.
93 Life-giving are thy commands, never by me forgotten.
94 Lend me thy aid, for thine I am, and thy bidding is all my quest.
95 Let sinners go about to destroy me, I wait on thy will.
96 Look where I may, all good things must end; only thy law is wide beyond measure.
97 My delight, Lord, is in thy bidding; ever my thoughts return to it.
98 Musing still on thy commandments, I have grown more prudent than my enemies.
99 More wisdom have I than all my teachers, so well have I pondered thy decrees.
100 More learning have I than my elders, I that hold true to thy charge.
101 Mindful of thy warnings, I guide my steps clear of every evil path.
102 Meek under thy tuition, thy will I keep ever in view.
103 Meat most appetizing are thy promises; never was honey so sweet to my taste.
104 Made wise by thy law, I shun every path of evil-doing.
105 No lamp like thy word to guide my feet, to shew light on my path.
106 Never will I retract my oath to give thy just commands observance.
107 Nothing, Lord, but affliction, never the saving help thou didst promise me?
108 Nay, Lord, accept these vows of mine; teach me to do thy bidding.
109 Needs must I carry my life in my hands, yet am I ever mindful of thy law.
110 Nearly the snares of the wicked caught my feet, yet would I not swerve from thy obedience.
111 Now and ever thy covenant is my prize, is my heart’s comfort.
112 Now and ever to do thy will perfectly is my heart’s aim.
113 Out upon the men that play traitor to the law I love!
114 Other defence, other shield have I none; in thy law I trust.
115 Out of my path, lovers of wrong; I will keep my God’s commandments.
116 Only let thy promised aid preserve me; do not disappoint me of the hope I cherish.
117 Only do thou sustain me in safety, looking ever to thy will.
118 Obey thee who will not, shall earn thy disdain; idle is all their scheming.
119 Outcasts they are that profane the land with wrong; for me, thy law is enough.
120 Overcome is my whole being with the fear of thee; I am adread of thy judgements.
121 Protect the justice of my cause; never leave me at the mercy of my oppressors.
122 Pledge thyself still to befriend me; save me from the oppression of my enemies.
123 Pining away, I look for thy saving help, the faithful keeping of thy promises.
124 Pity thy own servant, and teach him thy decrees.
125 Perfect in thy own servant’s heart the knowledge of thy will.
126 Put off the hour, Lord, no more; too long thy commandment stands defied.
127 Precious beyond gold or jewel I hold thy law.
128 Prized be every decree of thine; forsworn be every path of evil-doing.
129 Right wonderful thy decrees are, hard to read, and well my heart heeds them.
130 Revelation and light thy words disclose to the simple.
131 Rises ever a sigh from my lips as I long after thy covenant.
132 Regard and pity me, as thou hast pity for all that love thy name.
133 Rule thou my path as thou hast promised; never be wrong-doing my master.
134 Rescue me from man’s oppression, to wait henceforth on thy bidding.
135 Restore to thy servant the smile of thy living favour, and teach him to know thy will.
136 Rivers of tears flow from my eyes, to see thy law forgotten.
137 So just, Lord, thou art, thy awards so truly given!
138 Strict justice and utter faithfulness inspire all thy decrees.
139 Stung by love’s jealousy, I watch my enemies defy thy bidding.
140 Shall not I, thy servant, love thy promises, tested and found true?
141 Still despised and disinherited, I do not forget thy charge.
142 Stands thy faithfulness eternally, thy law for ever changeless.
143 Sorrow and distress have fallen on me; in thy commandments is all my comfort.
144 Sentence eternal is thy decree; teach me the wisdom that brings life.
145 Thy audience, Lord, my whole heart claims, a heart true to thy trust.
146 To thee I cry, O grant deliverance; I will do all thy bidding.
147 Twilight comes, and I awake to plead with thee, hoping ever in thy promises.
148 Through the night my eyes keep watch, to ponder thy sayings.
149 Thine, Lord, to listen in thy mercy, and grant life according to thy will.
150 Treacherous foes draw near, that are strangers to thy covenant.
151 Thou, Lord, art close at hand; all thy awards are true.
152 Taught long since by thy decrees, I know well thou hast ordained them everlastingly.
153 Unblessed is my lot; look down and rescue me, that still am mindful of thy law.
154 Uphold my cause, and deliver me; true to thy promise, grant me life.
155 Unknown thy mercy to the sinner that defies thy bidding.
156 Unnumbered, Lord, are thy blessings; as thy will is, grant me life.
157 Under all the assaults of my oppressors, I keep true to thy charge.
158 Unhappy I, that watch thy warnings to the sinner go unheeded!
159 Up, Lord, and witness the love I bear thy covenant; in thy mercy bid me live!
160 Unchanging truth is thy word’s fountain-head, eternal the force of thy just decrees.
161 Vexed by the causeless malice of princes, my heart still dreads thy warnings.
162 Victors rejoice not more over rich spoils, than I in thy promises.
163 Villainy I abhor and renounce; thy law is all my love.
164 Votive thanks seven times a day I give thee for the just awards thou makest.
165 Very great peace is theirs who love thy law; their feet never stumble.
166 Valiantly, Lord, I wait on thee for succour, keeping ever true to thy charge.
167 Vanquished by great love, my heart is ever obedient to thy will.
168 Vigilantly I observe precept and bidding of thine, living always as in thy sight.
169 Wilt thou not admit my cry, Lord, to thy presence, and grant me thy promised gift of wisdom?
170 Wilt thou not countenance my plea, redeem thy pledge to deliver me?
171 What praise shall burst from my lips, when thou makest known thy will!
172 What hymns of thankfulness this tongue shall raise to the author of all just decrees!
173 Wouldst thou but lift thy hand to aid me, that take my stand on thy covenant!
174 Weary it is, Lord, waiting for deliverance, but thy law is my comfort.
175 When will thy just award grant redress, that I may live to praise thee?
176 Wayward thou seest me, like a lost sheep; come to look for thy servant, that is mindful still of thy bidding.

Source

Another English translation that maintains the acrostic is by Gordon Jackson (The Lincoln Psalter, 1997). (Click or tap here for the complete Psalm in Gordon Jackson’s translation.)

Ah what joy is theirs who keep perfect step,
      whose feet are sure in the dance of Yahweh.
Amen, how they know pleasure
      whose treasure is his phrases,
            whose hearts aspire to know him;
Aloof from injustice and pettiness
      in the figure his dance decrees;
Apt we should be to follow your lead,
      to mark your steps, to keep time;
As to that, I wish I could keep measure,
      and manage too awkward feet;
Attentive to you, my ear would hear
      and my footsteps fall into place.
An uplifting heart pays you honour,
      О Lord, it knows you deserve;
And I, I honour your orders,
      oh do not leave me alone.

But how shall a young man keep step with you?
      By having an ear to hear.
Because my heart is hasty for you
      don’t let my feet go wrong:
Built in my bones are your directions
      to keep my steps from stumbling.
Blessed in being, О Master,
      your will is my safe conduct.
Be my lips the applause of your law,
      and your glory’s spokesman.
Bliss it is hearing your voice,
      treasure the wealth of your sayings.
By countenancing your counsel
      I pace the paths of your promise;
Best of all blessings to know your mind
      – may my memory blaze with the vision.

Command me to be alive,
      let me breathe in the breath of your word;
Cleanse the thoughts of my heart till I see
      the wonder at work of your law.
Cast out on this earth as I am,
      don’t exile me too from your lordship;
Chained in suspense my eyes weep
      for the justice to come of your judgement.
Calling the wilful proud to order
      and casting the upstart down.
Clear me of what my accusers say,
      I’ve not compromised your orders;
Conspiring synods assault me
      for keeping the code you decreed.
Comfort is not to be found outside
      the court of your commandments.

Dust is my soul’s adornment;
      deliver me, as you have promised.
Didn’t I pour my heart out?
      so please, don’t deny me your will;
Direct me with only one word
      and you’ll see me fly to fulfil it.
Depression has dulled me, has drained me –
      yet the sound of your voice would dispel it:
Determine my footsteps before me,
      dispose me against disaffection.
Duty I owe you, I wish you,
      and duly I study your word:
Don’t let them use me to mock you,
      О Lord, with my bible in hand.
Delight it is draws me towards you
      – let me dance your spontaneous dance.

Evince me, О Lord, the full of your will;
      entirely I will embrace it:
Enlighten me, so I may see to read
      and inwardly I will digest it;
Enable me to tread in your teaching
      with steps that are easy to follow;
Entice me with the charms of your law
      from lure of all other luxury:
Empty my heart of vanities,
      let it feed on the flesh of your word;
Engrave on your servant’s heart
      your promise in letters of fear;
Erase the crushing case against me;
      your sentence is mercy and goodness;
Eager I am, as ever, to hear you;
      speak to me, Lord, give me life.

Feed me with your mercies, О Lord,
      save as you said you would;
Find a fit answer to all my friends
      who say my faith is unfounded;
Frankly I spoke of your friendship,
      and faithfully; don’t let me down.
From first to last, for ever and ever,
      your word is my Lord and my God.
Freedom shall be the spring in my step
      as my thought dances with your thought;
Fearless under inquisition
      I shall frighten kings with your truth;
For what you are pleased to ordain
      is a source of infinite pleasure,
Filling the heart with wildfire praise,
      forcing the hands up in worship.

Give a mind to your word on which
      your servant builds his hopes;
Gratitude for it makes light
      of all the afflictions that pinch me.
Gentlemen knowingly sneer
      at the way I cling to your word;
Good you have been in the past,
      and the memory heartens me now.
Gainsaying your say is the fashion;
      blasphemous words make me cringe.
Gibberish jangles about me,
      yet within is the psalm of your law.
Gloom gathers round us, grim ogre;
      I hold onto the hand of the Lord:
Grant me no more than this,
      that I never let go and get lost.

Hear this: what I own is the Lord,
      to obey, to observe, to adore;
Hasn’t my heart besieged him
      with ‘O Lord, make haste to help us’?
Having weighed all in the balance
      I turn to your music’s measure,
Happy to keep to the rhythm
      your law excites within me.
Heretics hustle and heckle,
      but I hold to the whole of your word;
Hour by hour I praise you;
      you are just in every season.
How I embrace them that love you,
      that have their joy in your word.
Hilarity hallows the earth, О Lord,
      as your homilies hallow me.

In fulfilment of your word,
      О Lord, you have been good to me.
Instruct me in reason and knowledge;
      all learning is love of your law.
I was wrong when I thought I had wisdom
      but you taught me my lesson – in love.
Intense is your goodness, inerrant;
      just teach me and I will learn.
Insolent wit of the clever
      I forget when I mind your mind;
Ignoring your ignorant mockers
      my pride is in knowing your will.
It is good to be schooled in affliction
      if it gains me knowledge of you.
Isn’t one word of your mouth
      worth mountains of silver and gold?

Just as you made me, as truly
      perfect my understanding.
Jovial faces surround me
      of others revering your word.
Judgements, О Lord, of your mouth,
      they only are just, though they hurt me.
Joy of your kindness I cherish;
      you promised – be kind to me now.
Jubilance follows your justice;
      have mercy on my condition.
Justly the crestfallen liars
      submit to the law that I love;
Joined to all those that respect you,
      we many, united, rejoice.
Jewels of lore my adornment,
      and I jealously guard them all.

Keeping watch for the word of your coming
      my soul is worn out, yet it hopes.
Keen was. the lookout I kept;
      oh when will it come to restore me?
Kitchen smoke kippers a wineskin;
      I am shrivelled as much, yet I trust.
Kept in suspense, my time passes;
      your answer must surely come soon.
Killers prepare me an ambush;
they take no account of your law;
Knives in their hands at the ready,
      make speed to save me, О Lord.
Knocked senseless, kicked and nigh dead,
      but still I wait on your word.
King of all kindness, О save me,
      let me prosper in your help.

Lord, your word is inscribed
      indelibly in the heavens;
Laws that you laid the earth by
      keep faith with our generations;
Lasting and life-giving logic
      that loyally follows your will.
Lost I would be through affliction
      if love had not bound you to me.
Life is the lot you supplied me,
      a lesson I tell your love by.
Learning your will is my study;
      as I am your own, Oh save me.
Liers in wait look to trap me,
      but I lie in wait in your will.
Limits curb even the best things,
      but not the regime of your goodness.

Meditating the meaning of law
      moves me to love you extremely,
Makes me wiser than all detractors
      when my mind paces its maze.
More than my teachers I master
      when I set my heart on your mind;
More than doctors of divinity
      when I keep your directions in awe.
Mindful of your commandments
      I consider each step with care;
Measured against your meaning,
      moving as if you moved me.
Meat to my hunger your mysteries,
      music to marry my feet to.
Manifest through your mandate
      the sly double-dealing of sin.

Newel for all my steps is your will,
      your word is a torch for my way.
Never to flout your just decree
      I give you my oath, and will keep it.
Now quicken up my life, О Lord,
      send word to the heavy-hearted:
News from heaven makes merry,
      let me have word from you soon.
Narrow escapes I am used to,
      the ways of your will are well-known.
Need of your mercies each morning
      shall keep me close to your voice;
Nurtured upon your own promise
      that I shall inherit in time –
Nothing shall keep me from it,
      nothing, from claiming my own.

Odious love
      to love your law half-heartedly;
            my love is far from lukewarm.
Other hope there is none;
      only your word can I trust in.
Out of my way, unbelievers,
      I follow the line of the Lord.
Only sustain me, and help me;
      in hope alone do I prosper.
Order my steps, and ordain me
      to honour your office for good.
Opposing you, who is successful?
      they tie themselves up in their wiles.
Obscenity threatens the nation,
      yet I trust your will to prevail:
Over all is the law of your judgement;
      I fear for the Day when it falls.

Protect me against my accusers
      if I have been just in your sight:
Preserve me in goodness forever,
      saved from the pompous and proud.
Promise of justice sustains me,
      has kept my depressed eyes open.
Poor as I am make me wealthy
      with wisdom of knowing your will:
Prepare in my heart and perfect there
      the purpose and science of God.
Publish your judgement today, Lord,
      men have despised you too long.
Pearls beyond price, beyond beauty,
      each perfect clause of your law;
Precious each phrase of the master;
      not to love them is imbecile.

Right is the mystery you read us:
      its ritual is rest to my soul.
Revelation roars from your words
      to the soul of the open-hearted.
Ravenous to know your will,
      and restless, I wait for your orders.
Regard me with your favour
      as others who did you reverence.
Rule over each step that I take
      that my feet may lead me aright:
Rescue me from wrong-doing,
      and from those who would do me wrong
Revive me with your promise,
with one of your whispers restore me,
Red as my eyes are with weeping
      when your law is set at nought.

So just is your justice, О Yahweh,
      and your sentences consummate:
Set right in its place is each tittle
      and jot of your eloquent law.
Sinners distort all your meaning;
      their dullness drives me to anger.
Seeing your sense is well-tested
      I rest assured in your syntax.
Stupid I may be, and slow,
      but I count on your word for fulfilment.
Simply, your justice is absolute,
      and your word is truth itself.
Sickened, in shame, in sorrow,
      your word is all that sustains me.
Season by season I sound your promise,
      I stand on it, and I survive.

Turn your ear to my plea, О Lord;
      truly I long to obey you:
To you alone I turn for help,
      to you alone for instruction.
The dawn comes on me in prayer,
      awaiting the dawn of your word:
To read my teacher’s thoughts
      my eyes stay open all night.
Teach me the secrets of your will,
О Lord, and set me in motion.
Talkative pedants molest me
      who have no taste for your truth,
Truth that your word is truly,
      truth that is ever nigh.
Tell us again that you love us,
      testify time and again.

Unfasten this knot of frustration;
      I yield my heart up to your will.
Uphold me when I am failing
      with your encouraging word.
Ugly and ignorant lives they live
      who have no love of your love.
Unending mercies, О Lord,
      gladden the hearts of your hearers.
Under provocation and insults
      I keep me close to your word.
Upset I am daily to witness
      men turning their backs on you.
Unto your will I am prisoner;
      let your word enfranchise me.
Unchangeable is your goodness,
      inscribed in eternal Truth.

Voices of many against me;
      be your single voice my defence.
Valued the gift of your promise
      above hills of silver and gold.
Vice and deceit, I despise them,
      but I love the law of your love.
Vehement praise I ascribe to
      the virtue your word defines.
Vast is the peace of those
      who go your way without stumbling.
Victory is your voice, О Lord;
      my vow is to wait on your word.
Vital your will is to me,
      and your love makes my love vivid.
Verse by verse I study to make
      your commandments my own.

Wisdom is what you have promised,
      О when will you grant possession?
Waiting and wanting your blessing,
      and I wait, and I want it still.
With my lips I seek to praise you
      for the wisdom you promised to give them.
When my tongue is taught to know you
      it will sing your sovereign law.
Won’t you reach out your hand to me
      that I might grasp your desire?
Weary I am with frustration, Lord,
      but I know you will see me through.
While I live my life shall be yours,
      my praise and my joy in your justice.
Wayward as I am, your lost sheep,
      Lord, bring me at last to your bidding.

And lastly, Brenda Boerger (2024) translated this psalm while maintaining the acrostic (click or tap here for the complete psalm in Boerger’s translation).

A. Absolute Authority (א Aleph)
1 Absolute Authority, wise ones act in innocence,
 Adopt your ageless teachings,
2 Accept your instructions,
 Ache for you with all their heart,
3 And avoid going astray,
 Alert to walk a godly path.
4 Anchored firm are your absolutes,
 Assembled to be avidly obeyed.
5 Assign me the straight and narrow,
 Aligned along your axis, Yahweh.
6 And then I won’t feel ashamed
 As I answer your assignments.
7 Always, I’ll admire you with a right attitude
 As I absorb your approved standards,
8 Adhering to your admonitions, Adonai.
 All I ask is, “Never abandon me!”

B. Beloved Benefactor (ב Beth)
9 Beloved Benefactor, blameless youth
 Behave by your Book.
10 Bar me from going out of bounds,
 Because I pursue you from the bottom of my heart,
11 Branding your basics into my very being, lest
 By backsliding, I break your rules.
12 Blessed, blessed Yahweh,
 Bring me up to bow to your bidding.
13 Balanced, God-breathed standards
 Burst from between my lips.
14 Boldly I obey your directives —
 Better than boundless belongings!
15 Burrowing deep, I ponder your principles,
 Bathing myself in your ways.
16 Basking in your beam on my path
 Barricades me from betraying your word.

C. Compassionate Counsellor (ג‎ Gimel)
17 Compassionate Counsellor, care for my life,
 Conform my character to your code.
18 Clear my mind so I can comprehend
 Complexities in your covenant.
19 Consider I’m a stranger on this globe;
 Correct me by your coaching.
20 Constantly I crave your commandments.
 Carve them into my conscience, Yahweh.
21 Conceited men stand condemned,
 Caught compromising your commands.
22 Clear me of their criticism and contempt;
 Consistently I keep your directions.
23 Conspiracies against me accumulate, but
 Concentrating on your decrees gives confidence.
24 Contentedly I cling to your instructions,
 Consulting them for counsel.

D. Dependable Deliverer (ד‎ Daleth)
25 Dependable Deliverer, I’m so discouraged.
 Defeat my depression by your word.
26 Diligently I disclosed my deeds, and you directed;
 Divulge the depths of your directives.
27 Draw me deep down into your wonders;
 Describe the intent of your demands.
28 Despair drowns me in tears, but
 Dependence on your pledge builds me up.
29 Don’t let me be deceitful;
 Detail your doctrines, by divine kindness.
30 Determinedly I decide on your dependable way,
 Devoted to do as you dictate.
31 Don’t disappoint me, dear Yahweh.
 Defeat my adversaries, for I do what you decree.
32 Daily I discipline myself by your drills,
 Due to your deepening of my discernment.

E. Empowering Enabler (ה He)
33 Empowering Enabler, educate me in your edicts,
 Equipping me to enact them to the end.
34 Enlighten me about your principles,
 Ending in my eager obedience.
35 Educate me in the path of your exercises;
 Embracing them brings contentment.
36 Endow me to engage with your directions;
 Eliminate all entangling selfishness and
37 Enchanting illusions about what has worth.
 Enliven me by your word.
38 Enact your eternal promise,
 Ending in my esteeming you even more.
39 Enforce your ethical standards, Yahweh;
 Erase the disgrace I dread.
40 Empower my life by your righteousness.
 Earnestly I seek your essentials!

F. Faithful Father (ו‎ Waw)
41 Faithful Father, show me your unfailing favor;
 Fulfill your fealty and keep me safe.
42 Faith in your infallible word is my fortress
 For facing any affront with confidence.
43 Fail to defend me and my testimony is false,
 For I affirm your vows will be fulfilled.
44 Firmly I follow your foundational facts,
 Forever and ever, Lord Yahweh.
45 For true freedom comes from
 Finding your fundamentals.
46 Fearlessly I’ll profess your laws before chiefs,
 For you never afford me shame.
47 Fountains of joy flood my heart,
 For your beloved rules are favorites.
48 Father, I affirm your beloved rules fervently,
 Focusing on your faithful directions.

G. Gift Giver (ז‎ Zayin)
49 Gift Giver, keep the word you gave me,
 Grant me hope in it again.
50 Groaning, yet I don’t give up,
 Guaranteed life through your guidance.
51 Gossip of the arrogant grinds me down;
 Guarding myself, I grab onto your teachings.
52 God, I can’t forget your golden standards,
 Going there for comfort.
53 Great indignation grips me, Yahweh;
 Godless men go against your guidelines.
54 Gladly I sing of your goals.
 Going and coming in the world.
55 Gratefully I greet you each night,
 Governing myself by your teachings.
56 God, this is my custom –
 Grounding myself in your word.

H. Heavenly Helper (ח‎ Heth)
57 Heavenly Helper, you’re my only haven;
 Heeding your words is my oath.
58 Hear my heartfelt cry for favor, Yahweh —
 Hold to your promise of help!
59 Heart-broken, I noted my habit to stray,
 Homing in on your beacon.
60 Hereafter, I’ll hurry to obey,
 Holding to your perfect heading.
61 Hateful men lash me down.
 However, your teaching gives me hope!
62 Hymns of thanks I sing at midnight –
 Hooray for your holy standards!
63 Harmony exists between me and all who honor you,
 Humbly following your principles.
64 Horizon to horizon cannot hold your goodness.
 Help me comprehend your handbook.

I. Invaluable Illumination (ט‎ Teth)
65 Invaluable Illumination, help your worshipper;
 Infallibly enact your promises, great I AM.
66 I embrace your incomparable rules;
 Instruct me in discernment and insight.
67 I erred, incurred your punishment,
 Impelled to live in submission to your word.
68 Inherent goodness, integrity in action,
 Illumine your standards for me.
69 If insolent men make intimations about me,
 I’ll imitate your ideals unstintingly.
70 I incline the inner me to your law;
 Instead, their icy hearts are insensitive.
71 Indispensable was your intensive discipline,
 Initiating me in your instruction.
72 Incalculable wealth is insignificant to me,
 In comparison with the importance of your teachings.

JK. Just King (י Yodh)
73 Just King and Creator, your hands crafted me.
 Jealously chart my course to learn your commands.
74 Justifiably, I cherish your word;
 Joy comes to your worshippers who see it.
75 Just and faithful are your principles,
 Judging and chastening me, too.
76 Just let your committedness encourage me;
 Jewels of your promise pledged it.
77 King Yahweh, I keep your kingdom rules;
 Kindly rejuvenate my life.
78 Keep rebuking my conceited false accusers;
 Keep me contemplating your commands.
79 Keep turned to me all who revere you;
 Keenly they comprehend your directions.
80 Kill any off-key or out-of-kilter thinking,
 Kindling irreproachable character in me.

L. Lord of Life (כ Kaph)
81 Lord of Life, I long for your liberation,
 Leaning on your teachings for hope.
82 Looking for your promise, Yahweh, I say,
 Long delays deplete my strength.
83 Laid aside like useless litter? So what!
 Loyally I follow your leading.
84 Lord, how long; how many delays?
 Let my foes be disciplined soon.
85 Law Giver, the arrogant revile your rules,
Luring me into their deep holes.
86 Line by line, your words are reliable.
 Lying lips slander me. Help!
87 Look! They nearly slaughtered me,
 Lord, but I’m locked onto your principles.
88 Let me live, for your loyalty is limitless,
 Leading me to obey your lessons.

M. Mighty Master (ל Lamedh)
89 Mighty Master, your word is infinite,
 Maintained immutably in the heavens.
90 Mankind marvels at your faithful mercies —
 Majestically you formed the earth, and it remains.
91 Matchless standards remain to this day,
 Making all things serve your master plan.
92 Maker, if your manual weren’t my mainstay,
 Miserable infirmity would have made me succumb.
93 Memorizing your laws was like medicine,
 Ministering life with your messages.
94 My Lord, my life is yours, so save me!
 My mind has sought mastery of your maxims.
95 Malicious men scheme to demolish me,
 Making meditating on your directions a must.
96 My eyes see perfection is limited, but
 Measureless is the magnitude of your rule.

N. Never-failing Nurturer (מ Mem)
97 Never-failing Nurturer, I love your nutrients;
 Nestling down, I’ve chewed on them and found —
98 Not letting your standard out of sight,
 Now I can outmanoeuvre the enemy.
99 Noting your directions thought by thought,
 Now I can outthink my teachers.
100 Never neglecting your illuminating rules,
 Now my wisdom outshines the elders’.
101 Never ravenously sinning, Yahweh,
 No, I only hunger to obey your word.
102 Noticeably I relish your recipes,
 Needing your food to nurture me.
103 Nothing is sweeter than your promise —
 Nectar which nourishes me.
104 Narrating your principles brings knowledge,
 Now I’m nauseated by all sin.

O. Omniscient Overseer (נ Nun)
105 Omniscient Overseer, your word is my light,
 Opening my eyes to obstacles on the road.
106 Oaths I’ve made, I’ll carry out,
 Obligated to obey your objectives.
107 Oppressed, I often groan in pain;
 Operate and make me whole, as you vowed.
108 Open your ears to my oblation,
  Outlining your orders for me.
109 Often my life is exposed to danger —
 Opportunity to make your teachings my own!
110 Opponents hollowed a hole for me,
 Only I haven’t overlooked your ordinances.
111 Once and for all, I’ll honor your directions,
 Overjoyed when observing them.
112 On and on, I’ll go by your operator’s handbook,
 Over and over, till I’m old and gone.

PQ. Promise of Quiet (ס Samekh)
113 Promise of Quiet refuge, powerful shield,
114 Please answer; I hope in your perfect word.
 Precious are your beloved principles;
 Pretentious hypocrites, I despise —
115 Proud pretenders, clear the path;
 Permit me to pursue my God’s plan!
116 Protect me as you promised, my God, I pray,
 Providing hope, not disappointment.
117 Quickly, pull me out of this quagmire,
 Qualifying me to honor your decrees.
118 Quelling those who question your teachings, you show
 Quarrelling with you is self-deception.
119 Quashing iniquity, you equate it with garbage.
 Quite rightly then, I love your directions.
120 Quivering, I stand in awe of you,
 Quaking at your requirements.

R. Righteous Redeemer (ע Avin)
121 Righteous Redeemer, I’ve done what’s just and right,
Remove me from the reach of ruthless men.
122 Reaffirm you’re my refuge,
 Restrain the arrogant from oppressing me.
123 Rescue me! I’m wrung out from yearning while
 Relying on your righteous promise.
124 Refresh me with the reality of our relationship;
 Reveal the reasons behind your reports.
125 Re-educate me to recognize right and wrong,
 Renewing my mind in your writings.
126 Respond right now, Yahweh, it’s time;
 Rebels reject your regulations.
127 Refiner, I love your rules — more
 Rare than riches, more radiant than gold!
128 Regarding all your principles as right
 Results in being repulsed by all wrong.

S. Sympathetic Schoolmaster (פ Pe)
129 Sympathetic Schoolmaster, your lessons are superior,
 So I submit to them.
130 Studying your subjects brings light —
 Spiritual insight for the simple-hearted.
131 Soul and mind, I strain toward you,
 Seeking your sacred writings.
132 Soothe me by your mercy, Shaddai,
 Since you do so for those who love you, HaShem.
133 Set me in step with your word,
 Saving me from sin’s shackles.
134 Save me from human oppression,
 So that I may surrender to your statutes.
135 Smile sympathetically on your student,
 Schooling me in your standards.
136 Sinners scorn your scriptures,
 So sad tears stream down my face.

T. Trustworthy Teacher (צ Tsadhe)
137 Trustworthy Teacher, you’re righteous.
 Truly just are your standards.
138 Tutor, your lessons are instituted in truth,
 Totally trustworthy, never off track.
139 Tapping into my zeal tires me out as
 Truculent foes treat your word with contempt.
140 Truly I treasure your beloved promise —
 Tested and true, touchstone of purity.
141 Trivialized and despised though I am,
 Tirelessly I track your principles.
142 Timeless is your righteousness;
 Truth entwines your teachings.
143 Troubles and trials torture me, Tsidkenu [“our righteousness”],
 Till my only tranquility is in your instructions.
144 Teacher, your textbook is ever on target.
 Train me in truth that I might live.

UV. Unchanging Vision (ק Qoph)
145 Unchanging Vision, I urge to my utmost,
 Undergird me, and I’ll submit to your laws verbatim.
146 Urgently I cry for your victory, Yahweh,
 Unwavering I’ll uphold your statutes.
147 Unfailingly I arise to ask for help when all is dark,
 Uniting my heart to your promise of hope.
148 Unsleeping, I undertake vigils,
 Unravelling the depths of your principles.
149 Vision of lovingkindness, hear my voice;
 Vitality comes only from your word.
150 Vanquish the vicious who venture near,
 Veering far from your veracity.
151 Visibly you reveal you’re even nearer –
 Verifying the veracity of your rules,
152 Validating the evidence that your verdicts stand,
 Victoriously, without vacillation, forever.

W. Worthy Witness (ר Resh)
153 Worthy Witness, see my woe and rescue me!
 Why would I wander from your law?
154 Wield your power and help me win.
 Won’t you keep your vow to preserve my life?
155 Wicked people see redemption withheld
 When they won’t heed your warnings.
156 Well-being from your writings is what I want.
 Wash your mercies over me, Yahweh!
157 While worn out by my foes’ pursuit,
 Wise One, I do not swerve from your will.
158 Weak-willed traitors make me feel worse —
 Walking all over your mandates.
159 Watch me weave love of your teachings into my life,
 Waiting for life from your unwavering love.
160 What’s true? The whole witness of your word!
 What’s eternal? Each one of your worthy standards!

X. Exalted Excellency (ש Sin & Shin)
161 Exalted Excellency, though experts’ attacks are unjust,
 Expect my heart to respect your word.
162 Exulting in your promise, I explore it,
 Excavating treasures from your examples.
163 Exposing the lies, which I hate
 Exhibits my love for the truth of your law,
164 Exalts you inexhaustibly, and
 Expounds on your upright expectations.
165 Exceptional peace exists in loving your exhortations,
 Exempt from stumbling when I accept them.
166 Expectantly I trust for your escape route,
 Explicitly keeping your rules.
167 Exceedingly I’ve loved your explanations,
 Exactly following your axioms.
168 Examine my conscience, Yahweh.
 Executing your axioms and principles is my goal.

YZ. Yahweh, the Zealous (ת Taw)
169 Yahweh, say ‘Yes!’ when I pray for wisdom,
 Your teaching is the measure of understanding.
170 You’re the focus of my cry;
 Your promises say you’ll save me!
171 You’ re the object of my adoration;
 You willingly teach me your standards!
172 Your word is the theme of my psalm;
 Your laws are totally just!
173 You’re the target of my trust,
 Yielded completely to your principles.
174 Yahweh, I yearn for your salvation;
 Your lessons are the joy of my soul.
175 Zeal of Zion, may your directions sustain me,
 Zestfully then, I’ll exalt you. ‘I’m alive!’
176 Zigzagging and dizzy, I walk in a daze.
 Zion’s shepherd, seek your lost sheep.
 Zealously I make your rules my prize.

Another published English translation with acrostics is The Psalms Chronologically Arranged by the “Four Friends” (C.T. Arnold, A.W. Potts, F.E. Kitchener, S. Philpotts) of 1870.

Another 19th century translation with maintained acrostics is the German 1883 commentary and translation by Franz Delitzsch . Unlike the other translations, he translates the acrostics of this and the other acrostic psalms by following an approximation of the German sound of the 22 letters (alef/א‎ = a; bet/ב‎ = b; gimel/ג‎ = g; dalet/ד = d; he/ה‎ = h; vav/ו = u; zayin/ז‎ = s; chet/ח‎ = h; tet/ט = t; yod/י‎ = i or j; kaf/כ = k; lamed/ל = l; mem/מ = m; nun/נ = n; samech/ס‎ = s; ayin/ע = e; pe/פ = f; tsadi/צ‎ = z; qof/ק = k; resh/ר = r; shin/ש‎ = sch; tav/ת = t).

There is at least one private modern English translation that implements an acrostic by Doug Van Dorn .

For other psalms that use acrostics see Psalm 9/10, 25, 34, 37, 111, 112, and 145.

sky

Greek, Hebrew, Latin, Ge’ez, and Aramaic all have one term only that refers to what can be expressed in English as “sky” or “heaven(s)” (as a physical and spiritual entity). While there is a slight overlap between the meaning of the two English terms, “sky” (from Old Norse sky meaning “cloud”) typically refers to the physical entity, and “heaven” (from Old English heofon meaning “home of God”) typically refers to the spiritual entity. While this enriches the English lexicon, it also forces English Bible translators to make decisions that can be found only in the context in the Greek, Hebrew, and Aramaic texts. Most versions tend to use “heaven(s)” even if the meaning is likely “sky,” but the Contemporary English Version (NT: 1991, OT: 1995, DC: 1999) is an English translation that attempted to be more specific in the separation of the two meanings and was used as the basis for the links to verses used for this and this record (“heaven”).

Norm Mundhenk (in The Bible Translator 2006, p. 92ff. ) describes the difficulty that English translations face (click or tap here to see more):

“A number of years ago an old lady asked me a question. What did Jesus mean when he said, ‘Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will never pass away’? I do not remember what answer I gave, but I was surprised at how concerned she seemed to be about the verse. It was only later, after I had left her, that I suddenly realized what it was that she was so concerned about. She knew that death could not be far away, and all her life she had looked forward to being with God in heaven. But this verse said that ‘heaven will pass away’! What did that mean for her hopes? In fact, of course, in this verse Jesus was talking about the skies or the heavens, not about Heaven as the place of God’s presence. If I had realized the problem in time, I could easily have set the lady’s mind at rest on this question that was troubling her so much. However, I suspect that she is not the only person to be misled by the wording of this verse. Therefore, it is very surprising to find that even today many English versions (including the New International Version, New Revised Standard Version, Revised English Bible, Good News Translation) still say ‘heaven and earth’ in verses like Matt 24:35 and its parallels (Mark 13:31 and Luke 21:33). The Contemporary English Version (CEV) and Phillips’ translation seem to be aware of the problem, and in Mark 13:31 both of these have ‘earth and sky’ instead of ‘heaven and earth.’ But in some other passages (such as Matt 5:18) the traditional wording is still found in both of those translations. The New Century Version (NCV) does have ‘earth and sky’ more consistently, and the New Jerusalem Bible (NJB) has ‘sky and earth’ in these passages. (Although ‘sky and earth’ is closer to the Greek, it seems more natural in English to say ‘earth and sky’; but either way, at least the meaning is correct.)

“Louw and Nida’s Lexical Semantics of the Greek New Testament (publ. 1992) suggests that the Greek expression being translated here, ho ouranos kai he ge is ‘a more or less fixed phrase equivalent to a single lexical unit’ and that it means everything that God created, that is, the universe. They then quote Mark 13:31 as an example, using ‘heaven and earth’ in their translation of it. However, they go on to say that there ‘may be certain complications involved in rendering ho ouranos kai he ge as ‘heaven and earth,’ since ‘heaven’ might be interpreted in some languages as referring only to the dwelling place of God himself. The referents in this passage are ‘the sky and the earth,’ in other words, all of physical existence, but not the dwelling place of God, for the latter would not be included in what is destined to pass away.’ In my opinion, English itself is one of the languages where the word ‘heaven’ will be interpreted as referring only to the dwelling place of God himself, and translations into English should not use ‘heaven’ in these passages. It is probably because these passages are so very familiar that translators do not realize the meaning they are giving their readers when they use the expression ‘heaven and earth’ here. In modern English we might talk about a rocket ‘soaring into the heavens,’ but we would certainly not describe it as ‘soaring into heaven,’ because ‘heaven’ is not another way of referring to the sky or to outer space.

“In fact, it is surely important in all languages to have some way of distinguishing the concept of ‘sky’ from the concept of ‘dwelling place of God.’ In these passages translators should never use a term meaning ‘the dwelling place of God.’ It may not be necessary to use a term meaning ‘sky’ either, if there is some other expression in the language which gives the correct meaning of ‘everything that has been created’ or ‘the universe.’ There are of course places in the New Testament where Heaven, as the place where God lives, is contrasted with the earth. In these passages, translators should be careful to give the correct meaning. A good example of this is in the Lord’s Prayer, in Matt 6:10: ‘Your will be done, on earth as it is in heaven.’ Similarly, 1 Cor 15:47 says that ‘the first man [a reference to Adam] was from the earth, a man of dust; the second man is from heaven.’ Passages like these are referring to Heaven, not to the sky. Other NT passages where heaven refers to God’s dwelling place, in contrast with earth, are Matt 5:34-35, 16:19, 18:18, Acts 7:49, James 5:12, and Rev 5:3.

“Sometimes in the New Testament, the word ‘heaven’ is used because of the Jewish reluctance to use the name of God. ‘Heaven’ in these cases is used in place of ‘God’ and refers to God himself. This is the case in the many references in Matthew to ‘the kingdom of heaven’ where other gospels have ‘the kingdom of God’ (e.g., compare Matt 4:17 with its parallels in Mark 1:15 and Luke 10:9). It is also most likely the case in references like Matt 16:1, Luke 20:4, 5, John 3:27, and even perhaps Col 1:5.

“There are some places, such as Matt 11:25, where God is called ‘Lord of heaven and earth.’ Since God is of course the Lord of Heaven as well as of the universe, it may not matter so much which interpretation is given in these passages (others are Luke 10:21 and Acts 17:24). Nevertheless, the intended meaning here is likely to be ‘the universe.’ This is because this expression in Greek, as Louw and Nida say, is a set expression referring to everything that has been created. Acts 17:24 in fact combines the idea of the creation of the universe with the idea of God as Master or Lord of the universe. (…)

“Old Testament background The use of ‘heaven and earth’ in the New Testament is very similar to what we find in the Old Testament, because it is largely based on the Old Testament.

“The Old Testament begins with the story of creation, which is presented as the creation of the heavens and the earth, with lights to shine in the heavens and give light to the earth. Birds are created to live in the heavens, animals to live on earth, and fish to live in the sea (Gen 1:1-2:4).

“As we can see from the way the creation story is told, it is meant to be understood as the creation of the universe. Although in English the regions above the earth have traditionally been called ‘the heavens’ in the story of creation, they cannot be called ‘Heaven,’ in the sense of the place where God dwells. In terms of modern English, it would probably be better to say ‘the sky and the earth’ or ‘the earth and the sky.’ The story of creation then becomes an important theme throughout the Old Testament. (…)

“In most passages, whether in the Old Testament or the New Testament, when ‘heaven and earth’ or ‘the heavens and the earth’ are mentioned, the meaning is the created universe. It is not a reference to Heaven, as the dwelling place of God. In English, translators have not been careful to keep this distinction clear, and this is probably true in many other languages as well. However, as we have seen, this can lead to real confusion for ordinary Bible readers. It is better if translators find ways to make the meaning clear in these passages. ‘Heaven’ should be mentioned only in passages which clearly mean the dwelling place of God. In other passages, an expression should be used which means only ‘sky.’ Or else, the whole expression ‘heaven and earth’ can be translated in a way to show that the whole universe is meant.”

Other languages that have a semantic distinction similar to English include:

  • Hungarian: ég — “sky”; menny — “heaven”
  • Tagalog: kalawakan — “sky”; langit/kalangitan — “heaven”
  • Swedish: sky — “sky”; Himmel — “heaven”
  • Loma: “up” — “sky”; “God’s place” — heaven”
  • Mossi: saase — “sky”; nyingeri — “the up above”(source for Loma and Mossi: Bratcher/Nida)
  • Roviana: mamaṉa — “sly”; maṉauru — “heaven” (an old word, meaning “empty, open space of the sky”) (source: Carl Gross)
  • Kayaw: mô̄la or “canopy-under”/mô̄khû̄la or “canopy-above-under” — “sky” (atmosphere where there is just air); mô̄khû̄ or “canopy-on/above” — “heaven” (invisible abode of God and angels)
  • Burmese: မိုး ကောင်း ကင်/moe kaungg kain — “sky”; ကောင်း ကင်/kaungg kain — “sky” or “heaven”; ကောင်း ကင်ဗုံ/kaungg kain bone — “heaven”
  • Mairasi: Sinyavi — an indigenous term that is used for both “sky” and heaven”; Surga — loanword from Sanskrit via Indonesian referring to “heaven” (source: Enggavoter 2004)
  • Noongar: worl — “sky”; Boolanga-Yirakang Boodjer — “Country of God” (source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Kupsabiny: “up” for “sky” vs. “God’s Homestead” for “heaven” (source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)

In some languages, such as Yagaria, a term that was originally used as “sky” (gokudana) was adopted by the Christian community as “heaven.” This resulted in a language shift so that now all communities uses “empty space / air” (galogina or hakalogina) as “sky” and gokudana is exclusively used for the Christian concept of heaven. (Source: Renck 1990, p. 133)

Many languages follow the original biblical languages in not making that distinction, such as:

  • Latin: caelum
  • Portuguese: céu
  • French: ciel
  • Italian: cielo
  • Catalan: cel
  • Russian and Ukrainian: небо/‘nebo
  • Finnish: taivas
  • Estonian: taevas
  • Dutch: hemel
  • Czech: nebe
  • Slovak: nebo
  • Danish: himmel
  • German: Himmel
  • Matumbi: kunani (lit. “up”) (source: Pioneer Bible Translators, project-specific notes in Paratext)
  • Cherokee: galaladi (ᎦᎸᎳᏗ) or “up” — Bender / Belt (2025, p. 23) note that there is a related term — galvlohi (ᎦᎸᎶᎯ) — that is used “for the upperworld of Cherokee cosmology, [but] was not used, possibly to communicate a sharp distinction.”
  • Mandarin Chinese: 天/tiān
  • Korean: 하늘/haneul
  • Amele: sao (source: John Roberts)
  • Kamo: yamba, which, when capitalized (Yamba), means “God” (source: David Frank)
  • Manchu: ᠠᠪᡴᠠ/abka

In some languages, such as Wandala, the vocabulary for terms for either “heaven” or “sky” is much richer than just to include those two distinction. While zhegela, the term that is specifically used for the physical sky was only used in early translations of the New Testament for “sky,” other terms such as samaya (used for both “sky” and “heaven”), zlanna (specifically used for the perfect abode of God and the goal of the faithful, as in Matthew 8:11), kwárá (a locational term used to speak of a chief’s rule [lit., “voice”] such as Matthew 3:2), or sleksire (“chieftaincy,” “kingship,” or “royalty” [originally from slekse “chief”] and used where there are no locational overtones, such as in Matthew 16:28) are used. (Source: Mona Perrin in Notes on Translation 1/1999, p. 51ff.)

The English translation by Sarah Ruden (2021) uses “sky” throughout. Ruden explains (p. li): “The Greek word ouranos refers evenhandedly to the physical sky and the place—often pictured as a royal court — where supreme divinity resides. ‘Sky’ seems generally better, first of all in avoiding the wackier modern imagery that comes with the English ‘heaven.’ And even when a supernatural realm is meant, ‘sky’ will often do, because the divine realm was thought to be located there, in addition to the weather and the heavenly bodies, whereas ‘heaven’ to us is fundamentally a religious term, and the ancients did not tend to separate linguistic domains in this way. I have retained the plural ‘skies’ where I see it in the Greek, because it is a Hebraism familiar in English translations of scripture and (I hope) not too archaic or jarring.”

Holy Spirit

In English, the Greek term Pneûma tò Hagion is translated as “Holy Ghost” or “Holy Spirit.” The English terms referring to Pneûma are synonyms: “ghost” is derived from Old English gast (“breath” or “good or bad spirit”) and “spirit” from Latin spiritus (“breath” or “supernatural immaterial creature”). Until the late 19th century, English translators of all traditions used “Holy Ghost” (or “holy Ghost”) but generally switched to “Holy Spirit” (or “holy Spirit”) thereafter, likely because the meaning of “ghost” had transitioned to predominantly refer to the spirit of a dead person.

Other languages with a long tradition in Bible translation translate Pneûma (for “holy” see holy) as follows (click or tap here to see more):

  • While a few Germanic languages still use terms derived from gast (see above) including German and Dutch (Geist and Geest respectively), the majority use forms of Proto*-Germanic anadô (“breath,” “spirit,” “zeal” — used in Latin as anima), including Danish (Ånden), Swedish (Ande/ande — for more on the gender of the Swedish translation, see below), Icelandic (andi), and Norwegian (Ånd/ånd). (*”Proto” refers to the most recent common, often hypothetical language ancestor). Note that the earliest-known German translation was “holy breath” (wîh atum) (source: Renck 1990, p. 105)
  • The majority of Romance languages use a form of the Latin Spiritus (French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and Catalan among others). (Note that in the French 1985 translation by Chouraqui, souffle sacré or “sacred breath” is used [source: Watson 2023, p. 52])
  • Slavic languages derive their translation from the Proto-Slavic dȗxъ (“breath,” “wind,” “spirit”), including Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, and Bulgarian (all: Дух)
  • Most Semitic languages (Hebrew, Arabic, Assyrian, Chaldean — with the exception of Maltese which uses the Latin-based l-Ispirtu s-Santu), Iranian languages (Urdu, Tajik, Dari, Persian, Pashto), Turkic languages (Uzbek, Turkish), Malayic languages (Indonesian, Balinese, Sangir, and Malay — for further information on Malay, see below) use a derivative of the Proto-Semitic rūḥ- (“to blow,” “breathe”). Compare the Hebrew term ruach (רוּחַ: “breath,” “wind,” “spirit”) in the Old Testament. (For the use of Roho in Swahili, see below)
  • Many Indo-Aryan languages have chosen translations derived from Sanskrit आत्मन् ātman, meaning “soul,” “life,” “self,” including Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Odia, Panjabi, Santali, and Telugu — source: Hooper, p. 176f.

Bratcher / Nida say this about the translation into languages that do not have an existing Bible translation (click or tap here to see more):

“Undoubtedly no word has given quite so much trouble to the Bible translator as spirit, for (1) it includes such a wide range of meaning, from ‘evil spirit’ to ‘poor in spirit’ to ‘Holy Spirit’ and (2) it touches so vitally the crucial comparison and contrast between Christianity and so-called ‘animism.’

“There are four principal dangers in the choice of a word for Holy Spirit: (1) the term may identify an essential malevolent spirit, and no mere addition of the word ‘holy’ or ‘good’ is likely to change the basic connotation of the word, (2) the word may mean primarily the spirit of a deceased person (hence God must have died — a not infrequent error in Bible translations), (3) the expression used to mean ‘spirit’ may denote only an impersonal life force, a sort of soul-stuff which may be conceived as indwelling all plant, animal, and human substances (therefore, to say that ‘God is spirit’ is to deny His essential personality), and (4) a borrowed term may signify next to nothing to the people, and can only be explained by another term or terms, which, if they are adequate to explain the borrowing, should have been used in the first place. It is true that in some instances a borrowed word has seemed to be the only alternative, but it should be chosen only as a last resort.

“There is no easy formula to be employed in finding an adequate equivalent for Holy Spirit, for what seems to work quite well in one area may not serve in another. One thing, however, is certain: one should not select a term before making a comprehensive study of all kinds of words for spirits and for parts or aspects of personality and thus having as complete a view as possible of all indigenous beliefs about supernatural beings.”

Following are ways that languages without a long tradition Bible translation have translated Pneûma (click or tap here to see more):

  • Western Highland Chatino: “God’s perfect heart” J. Hefley (1968, p. 210) tells this story (click or tap here to read more):

    “Ninu [a Chatino translation assistant] told his translator that the word ‘holy’ could be used to modify an idol, a household god, the witch doctor, an altar, a lion, the sea which had caused a flood and disaster, a sacred mushroom, and several other things. The translator and his consultant deduced that holy had two main components of meanings for Chatinos. It referred to persons purported to hold supernatural powers, and to objects which, if not properly respected, would bring evil upon one. With this and other information, they agreed that they could not use the Chatino word for ‘holy’ and ‘spirit’ in defining the third person of the Trinity. Their approved translation for Holy Spirit became ‘God’s perfect heart’ (referring primarily to the life principles of one who is living).”

  • Malay (Today’s Malay Version, publ. 1987): Roh Allah: “Spirit of God.” Barclay Newman (in The Bible Translator 1974, p. 432ff. ) explains this as follows (click or tap here to see more):

    “A third difficult phrase that had to be dealt with was ‘Holy Spirit,’ since in popular Islamic theology there are many ‘holy spirits.’ In order to overcome this problem it was decided that ‘the Holy Spirit’ would always be rendered ‘God’s Spirit,’ and that wherever ‘Spirit’ or ‘the Spirit’ was used as a reference to God’s Spirit this would be clearly marked.

    “Other illustrations could be given of the clearing up of ambiguous and difficult phrases, but only one more will be selected, and it will serve as a transition to the next major section of this article. In John 6:63 the phrase ‘Spirit and life’ (in the expression ‘the words I have spoken to you are Spirit and life’) is taken to refer to one thing not two. That is, even though the words are connected by the conjunction ‘and’ they are not in the relationship to one another that ‘and’ normally suggests. Moreover, ‘spirit’ in John’s Gospel, unless otherwise indicated, always refers to God’s Spirit. So then, the Common Malay has translated with the meaning, ‘the words which I speak come from God’s Spirit and bring life.’ This exegesis also has the advantage of tying in the meaning closely to the previous verse.

    “As previously indicated, except in the passages where the context clearly indicates otherwise (John 11:33; John 13:21; John 19:30), it was assumed that ‘spirit’ or ‘the spirit’ refer to God’s Spirit, and so the translator always made this information explicit. For example, John the Baptist’s words in John 1:32 become ‘I saw God’s Spirit come down like a dove from heaven.’ The one exception to this rule is in 3:8a, where there is a play on words. In Greek, as in Hebrew, the same word may mean either ‘wind’ or ‘spirit.’ In this context most translations take ‘wind’ to be the basic comparison, and so have translated in this way; and some have even provided a footnote, indicating the play on words. Since the basic comparison here is seen to be ‘wind,’ the Malay New Testament translated the text in this way.”

  • Japanese uses the “divine” honorific prefix mi- (御 or み) when the referent is God, as in mi-tama (御霊) or “Spirit (of God)” (source: S. E. Doi, see also S. E. Doi in Journal of Translation, 18/2022, p. 37ff. )
  • Shipibo-Conibo: “Spotless Spirit” — James Lauriault (in The Bible Translator 1951, p. 56ff. ) explains (click or tap here to see more):

    “The Shipibo consider all spirits evil, with the exception of certain entities making up a human personality. It would be a manifest contradiction to say ‘Good Evil-Spirit’ for ‘Holy Spirit,’ and it would be completely misinterpreted if one should say that Jesus perceived in his evil-spirit that some of the scribes thus questioned within their hearts (Mark 2:8).

    “For these reasons we have translated this word (…) when it unmistakably refers to a disembodied evil personality yoshin ‘demon.’ (‘Unclean spirit’ we have translated ‘harmful demon.’)

    “When it refers to the ‘Holy Spirit,’ we have finally translated it ‘Spotless Spirit,’ using for ‘Spirit’ a word designating one of the larger entities of human personality, the one which includes most of the others and which is always used of a live person.”

  • Sranan Tongo: Santa Yeye (from previously Santa Winti). Marlon Winedt explains (click or tap here to see more):

    “One of the translators in Sranan Tongo followed the historically and scientifically correct analysis that the word for Holy Spirit should be ‘Santa Winti.’ However, the churches had traditionally used ‘Santa Yeye.’ Although in the spiritual world-mapping of the afro-descendants of the country Santa Yeye refers to a more limited spirit, it was the most acceptable choice because ‘winti’ besides meaning ‘spirit, wind’ also refers to the afro-Caribbean religion /spiritual practice ‘winti’ which can be compared to voodoo or other forms in the Caribbean. The Catholic lectionary used this translation (Santa Winti) though there was a heated debate about the use. The then-bishop of Paramaribo advised the faithful to choose whether they wanted to say Santa Winti or Santa Yeye when reading the text. In the interior of Suriname, Catholic catechists actually burned the lectionary because they found the term Santa Winti to be blasphemous.

    “When the Sranan Tongo New Testament translation project was underway an attempt to merge two teams did not succeed partially based on this issue. Ultimately the remaining SIL/Bible Society of Suriname team did not chose to use Santa Winti but the accepted Santa Yeye. [This version was published in 2002.]”

  • Anuak: with a term that means ‘that which comes from God.’ Eugene Nida (in The Bible Translator 1955, p. 63 ) explains (click or tap here to see more):

    “In Anuak there is no term for ‘spirit’ in the sense of the Holy Spirit.

    “There is a word (ywey) which may be used to translate human soul or spirit, but which is essentially the ‘life principle.’ One cannot speak of the ywey of God, for the Anuaks insist that God does not have a ywey and that He is not a ywey. It is God who has given ywey to all people, animals and plants, but He Himself is of a different order of existence.

    “To speak of the ywey of God would be to equate him with earthly creation. There seems to be no easy solution to this problem, but for the time being ‘Spirit’ is to be translated as ‘that which comes from God’, in the sense of that which emanates from or has its origin in God.”

  • Kaingang: Topẽ kuprĩg (God’s Spirit — kuprĩg is often to the spirit of a dead person). Ursula Wiesemann (in Notes on Translation 1978, p. 32ff.) explains how the translation team reached that conclusion (click or tap here to see more):

    “All human beings have a kãnhvég which has as an outward manifestation the shadow or the reflection of that person. It is closely linked to the body and cannot leave it. It is an indication of life in the body. According to one language helper, it lives in our chest (that is, heart), but this may be a carry-over from his Christian teaching.

    “The kãnhvég at death becomes vẽnh kuprĩg. Vẽnh is a pronoun meaning ‘someone’s’. The vẽnh kuprĩg seem to live in groups and can be heard at night making a peculiar humming noise. They may do mischievous things like throwing dirt on the house which scares the inhabitants. A vẽnh kuprĩg may also appear to an individual, be recognized by him for whose spirit he is, speak kindly to him, and even touch him. The purpose is to take the living person along to the place where the dead live. It is reported that in this way the vẽnh kuprĩg cause death, or that they might even choke babies to death during the night. In describing an encounter with a vẽnh kuprĩg, the Indians say: ‘I saw a vẽnh kuprĩg. It was so-and-so.’ Whereas kãnhvég collocates with all pronouns and names (that is, can be directly identified as belonging to a specific person), kuprĩg collocates most naturally with vẽnh when it refers to the spirit of a dead person.

    “Such conflicting reports on the meaning of the terms is difficult to choose the right terms for the Spirit of God. In Rio das Cobras and in Guarita, God is said to have a kuprĩg and a kãnhvég, but it is His kuprĩg who has a life of his own without being tied to God’s body. In both localities (and some others, where, however, the question was not looked into in detail as in the three areas identified), the definite and unquestioned choice of all people asked was to identify the ‘Holy Spirit’ as Topẽ kuprĩg ‘Spirit of God’. In Nonoai (same dialect area as Guarita but different dialect area from Rio das Cobras), however, the definite and unquestioned choice is Topẽ kãnhvég ‘because kuprĩg refers to the spirit of one who died.’ So it will be necessary to use both terms in a paraphrase to satisfy everyone. The objection to kãnhvég is its close tie to a body, and only in Nonoai this connection seems to be broken.

    “Postscript: Since writing the above, several years have passed, and the New Testament has been completed, and the revision committee, composed of three Indians from as many dialect areas, unanimously chose Topẽ kuprĩg for ‘Spirit of God,’ rejecting the word kãnhvég as being ‘too weak and not meaningful’ — that is, the kãnhvég is not a spirit at all but just a sign of life, so it has been dropped in the last revision, as well as the reference to the ‘kãnhvég not dying’ as eternal life.”

  • Papiamento: Spiritu. Since the term on its own means “bad spirit,” in any case that no modifier is used (such as “Holy” or “of truth”), the translators used Spiritu di Dios (“Spirit of God”) to differentiate it from the negative connotation (source: Marlon Winedt).
  • Ditammari: “Air of God.” Loewen (in The Bible Translator 1983, p. 213ff. ) explains that a search for the term “spirit” was conducted (especially as in “Holy Spirit”). Since faith healers often avoided using the name of unclean spirits by saying “impure air” a suggestion was made to call Holy Spirit “clean/pure air”. This was accepted but changed to “air of God” to avoid ambiguity with air that we breath.
  • Warlpiri: Pirlirrpa Kaatu-kurlangu: “God’s Eternal Spirit,” since “holy’ carries the meaning of taboo and cannot be used (source: Stephen Swartz in The Bible Translator 1985, p. 415ff. )
  • Eastern Highland Otomi: “God’s Good Spirit” (source: John Beekman in Notes on Translation November 1964, p. 1-22.)
  • Kahua: the term for “Spirit” is a generic term for a spirit which never had a body (i.e., not the spirit of a dead ancestor). (Source: David Clark)
  • Keapara: Vea’a Palaguna (“Holy Spirit” but can also be “Holy God” or “angels” — “there is not a strong contrast between the meaning of God and Holy Spirit” since “God” is translated with “Palagu”) (source: Norm Mundhenk in The Bible Translator 2004, p. 222f. )
  • Naro: Tc’ẽe: a word that refers to the “thinking/willing part” of one’s personality. (Source: van Steenbergen)
  • Mairasi: Janav Enggwarjer Nanen Oroug (“Great Above One’s Clean Spirit”) (source: Enggavoter 2004)
  • Seediq: Biyax Utux Baraw (“Power of God”)
  • Paiwan: “Most Excellent Spirit” (source for this and above: Covell 1998, p. 246f.)
  • Cheyenne: Ma’heonemȧhta’sooma or “Sacred Shadow” (source: Wayne Leman) — see also shadow vs. spirit
  • Izii: Unme Chileke or “the Breath that is Taboo” (for “taboo” as a translation for “holy,” see here) (source: Reinier de Blois)
  • Supyire Senoufo: Munaa (“nose/spirit/breath”) (source: Michael Jemphrey)
  • Chichewa: Mzimu Woyera (“Clean/White/Pure Ancestral Spirit”) (source: Wendland 1998, p. 137)
  • Tibetan: thugs nyid (ཐུགས་​ཉིད།།), an honorific form for sems nyid (སེམས་​ཉིད།) or “spirit” (source: gSungrab website )
  • Nias: Geheha (or: Eheha). “The word Eheha is known all over Nias, except for the Batu Islands. Eheha means charisma, strength and wisdom possessed only by some nobles. Eheha can be passed down to the eldest son when someone dies, by putting one’s mouth on his dying father’s mouth before he breathes his last breath. Eheha looks like foam or animal fat. If the son is not strong enough he may fall unconscious while receiving his father’s eheha. In the case that the son is still a young boy the eheha can be kept in a tokosa vessel made of gold. The Ono Niha [literally ‘child of human,’ the term by which the original inhabitants of Nias and the Batu Islands call themselves] believed that eheha gives wisdom, skills and charisma and is a very important element in leadership.” (Source: Hummel / Telaumbanua 2007, p. 253)
  • Many Bantu languages translate Pneûma with a word that originally means “soul,” including Luganda and Haya (both: mwoyo), Ndebele (uMoya), Sotho (Moya). Fang uses Nsísim: “shadow” or “separate soul” (anima separata) (source: Bühlmann 1950, p. 176)

The grammatical gender of the Greek Pneûma is neuter (and the Hebrew ruach has a feminine gender). While many languages either do not have a grammatical gender or have a word for Pneûma that grammatically is masculine, other languages found various ways of dealing with this. (Click or tap here to read more):

The earliest example is Classical Syriac which, like Hebrew, used a term — Ruhä — that was of feminine gender. According to Ashbrook (1993), in early documents the feminine gender was not only used in a grammatical sense but the Spirit was often described with feminine imagery as well. “Around the year 400 [though], a change emerges in our texts. Starting in the fifth century, and almost universally by the sixth, the Spirit is masculine in Syriac writers. Ruhä when referring to wind or spirit continues to follow rules of grammar and to be construed in the feminine; but when referring to the Holy Spirit, it is now construed as masculine, although this does violence to the fabric of the language.” (Source: Ashbrook 1993)

A similar process of ungrammatical usage was attempted in Asháninka. The “Good Spirit of God” required a feminine, inanimate pronoun which was artificially changed to masculine. After a while this was changed back to its true grammatical form with no perceptible difference in the understanding of the Trinity. Will Kindberg (in The Bible Translator 1964, 197f. ) tells that story (click or tap here to read more):

“For the past several years Mr Sylvester Dirks of the Mennonite Brethren Mission and I have been engaged in missionary work with the Asháninka sub-group of the Campa tribe in Peru, and have collaborated on Christian vocabulary items and translation as well as other phases of our missionary activities. For the ‘Holy Spirit’ we are using ‘the Good Spirit of God’. The normal pronominal reference for spirit, whether it be a human spirit or the spirit of a god, is third person feminine inanimate. Long ago, Sylvester and I agreed that we would force the use of the third person masculine animate pronoun to refer to the Holy Spirit, although we recognized it was contrary to the grammatical system of Asháninka. We did this because of a theological bias: the Holy Spirit is referred to in English as masculine, and we think of the Spirit as a masculine member of the Godhead. We ignored the fact that it has a neuter reference in Greek.

“In the Gospel of Mark and also in the book of Acts, my translation consistently uses the third person masculine pronoun to refer to the feminine inanimate spirit. There has been a reaction against this by the people as they hear or read these portions of Scripture, though some of the believers have accepted it when it was explained to them why it had been done.

“This past year while I was continuing working on other portions of Scripture, I was again troubled by the non-grammatical use of the pronominal referent.

“I checked again with some of my colleagues here in Peru and they agreed with me that it might be wise to switch back to the correct grammatical usage. So I checked with Mr Dirks and he did not object to the change.

“Because of the importance of the issue, I also wrote to Dr Eugene Nida and Dr John Beekman for their opinions. They both suggested the use of the grammatically correct forms. The following is a quote from Dr Beekman’s letter:

“‘There is a distinction between animate and inanimate reference in one of the Zapoteco dialects of Mexico. All spirits fall into the inanimate class. The weight of theological considerations led the translators to use the animate form contrary to usage. In consultation, however, it was agreed that it would be preferable not to violate the grammatical pattern especially since the informants felt that the use of the inanimate form did not necessarily mean that the Holy Spirit was not a person. The translators are now using the inanimate form to the satisfaction of all of the believers.’

“I have switched the pronominal reference throughout John and it has just been printed. The reaction of the few people with whom I have checked this has been good. The question has been asked: ‘How does having two masculine members and a feminine-inanimate member affect the Asháninka’s idea of a triune God?’

“One day I was talking to my informant (still a relatively untrained believer) about the different gods in which his fellow tribesmen believe. And I said, ‘What does the Bible teach about God? How many are there?’ (Note that I used the unmarked form that might be either singular or plural.) He answered, ‘There is one God’. Then after thinking a minute, he said, ‘There are two—there’s Jesus. Then afterwards he said, ‘There are three— there’s God’s Spirit’. It seems to me he has understood the doctrine of the Trinity about as well as most Christians. For the last few months we have been using a feminine inanimate referent for the Holy Spirit and this has not seemed to hinder his understanding of the Trinity. Time will tell the reaction of the rest of the people.”

In Swahili, the translation of Pneûma tò Hagion is Roho Mtakatifu. Roho, derived from the Semitic / Arabic Rūḥ, should be in the noun class for loan words but to prevent the misunderstanding of Roho as an inanimate object, it is (grammatically incorrectly) used in the first class of nouns which is specifically reserved for people (source: Bühlmann 1950, p. 176). While some Bantu languages use similar strategies, Lamba left Umupasi Uswetelele in the third noun class that is also used for trees and plants, making a grammatically a non-person. But, as C. M. Doke (in The Bible Translator 1958, p. 57ff. ) remarks, “it is [left] to numerous references in the Scriptures to establish that the Holy Spirit is a person, the third person of the Trinity.”

While Swedish used to have three genders (masculine, feminine, neuter), modern Swedish only uses two genders (common [utrum] and neuter). Until the Bibel 2000, “Holy Spirit” was translated as helige Ande which used a masculine adjective and paired it with ande (“Spirit”), which historically could be read as masculine. With the merging of the masculine gender into the common gender it is now translated as the common-gendered heliga ande, matching a more widely-used gender-equal language practice in Swedish. (Source: Mikael Winninge and Sara Rösare)

See also “God’s Gender” under God.

The following is a stained glass window from ca. 1660 by Gian Lorenzo Bernini. The “Dove of the Holy Spirit” is installed at Saint Peter’s Basilica, Vatican City:

Photo and accompanying text by Wilfredor, hosted by Wikimedia Commons under a Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication license

Stained glass is not just highly decorative, it’s a medium which has been used to express important religious messages for centuries. Literacy was not widespread in the medieval and Renaissance periods and the Church used stained glass and other artworks to teach the central beliefs of Christianity. In Gothic churches, the windows were filled with extensive narrative scenes in stained glass — like huge and colorful picture storybooks — in which worshipers could ‘read’ the stories of Christ and the saints and learn what was required for their religious salvation. (Source: Victoria and Albert Museum )

See also this devotion in Christianity Today and Spirit (of God) (Japanese honorifics).