Language-specific Insights

unstable

The Greek in 2 Peter 2:14 and 3:16 that is translated as “unstable” in English is rendered into Kahua with a simile that means “like butterflies.”

sister

The Greek 2 John 1:13 that is translated as “sister” in English is rendered “elder sister” in Kahua because the church associated with the apostle John was assumed to be senior.

See also sister (younger sister).

flattery

The term in 1 Thessalonians 2:5 that is rendered as “flattery” in English is translated with a Kahua idiom: “We did not bend our heads to please people (i.e., use flattery).” (Source: David Clark)

See also flattering lips.

dual vs. plural (Acts 7:16)

In this episode in Acts 7:16 it is ambiguous whether only Jacob and Joseph or Jacob and all of the other patriarchs were taken back to Shechem. In languages that distinguish between a dual and a plural this ambiguity has to be resolved. In the translation into Kahua only two bodies were taken back because Joseph’s body is specifically mentioned in Exodus 13:19 and Joshua 24:32.

angel's voice vs. God's voice

In the translation into Kahua, it needs to be specified whose voice is mentioned in Acts 10:13 and 15. Many commentaries assume it is God’s voice but it could also be the angel mentioned in verse 3, since God is referred to in the third person in verse 15. The translators decided for God’s voice.

travel through the whole island

In Kahua, unsurprisingly for an island language, there is a basic contrast in verbs of motion between travel by land and travel by sea. In Acts 13:4 it was explicit that Barnabas and Saul “sailed” to Cyprus, but once on the island, did they travel around by sea or by land? The translators assumed that the statement that is translated into English as “traveled through the whole island” implied travel by land, and used the appropriate verb.

Dorcas (Δορκάς)

In both Fuyug and Kahua, “Δορκάς” (Dorcas) in Acts 9:36 was translated rather than transliterated. It came out as “nanny goat,” which was quite acceptable as people can have animal names, and goats are not regarded with disfavor. (Source: David Clark)

See also gazelle.

minding one's own affairs

The phrase in 1 Thessalonians 4:11 that is translated as “mind your own affairs” is translated in Kahua with an idiom: “don’t interfere with your noses” (source: David Clark) and in the German New Testament translation by Berger / Nord (publ. 1999) as vor der eigenen Tür kehren or “sweep in front of your own door.”