The Greek that is often translated in English as “devout” (or “pious”) is translated in various ways:
- Lalana Chinantec: “[people who] revere God”
- Chichimeca-Jonaz: “[people who] obey and worship God”
- Eastern Highland Otomi: “[people who] remember God”
- San Mateo del Mar Huave: “worshipers of God”
- Tzotzil: “[people who] are zealously doing what they think is God’s word”
- Mezquital Otomi: “[people who] very much believe what they have been taught about God” (source for this and five above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)
- Chichewa interconfessional translation, publ. 1999: “[people who] love God” (source: Wendland 1998, p. 90)
- Uma: “[people who] submit to Lord God” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “very religious” (source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “[people who] are faithful in carrying out the commands of God” (source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “[people who] are serving God” (source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tagbanwa: “[people who] are indeed devout-worshipers of God” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
- Bariai: “[people who] respect God” (source: Bariai Back Translation)
- Kupsabiny: “[people who] have dedicated themselves to God” (source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
- German: “God-fearing” (gottesfürchtig) or “pious” (fromm)
- Low German translation by Johannes Jessen, publ. 1933, republ. 2006: “[people who] take their faith very seriously” (source for this and above: Zetzsche)
- Hausa Common Language Bible: “owners of worshiping God” (source: Hausa Common Language Bible Back Translation)
- Hiligaynon: “godly” (source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
See also righteous / righteousness.
The Greek that is translated as “grieving” or “sorrowful” in English is often translated metaphorically:
- “his stomach died” (Mezquital Otomi)
- “he was heavy in his stomach” (Uduk)
- “his heart was pained” (Kpelle)
- “he was sick in his mind” (Amganad Ifugao)
- “his heart hung” (Loma)
- “his heart was spoiled” (Mossi) (source for this and all above: Bratcher / Nida 1961)
- “his interior was crying” (Bariai) (source: Bariai Back Translation)
- “heart got shocked” (Kupsabiny) (source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
- “insides/heart-became-bad” (Mairasi ) (source: Enggavoter 2004)
See also sorrow and Seat of the Mind for traditional views of “ways of knowing, thinking, and feeling.”
The Greek, Latin and Hebrew that is translated as “envy” or “envious” in most English translations is, according to Nida (1952, p. 134), translated into Tzeltal and Tabasco Chontal in the following manner:
“Envy is bred of covetousness and self-centeredness. The Tzeltals, who recognize a covetous man as having a ‘small heart,’ say that an envious person has ‘a greedy heart.’ ‘Small hearts’ and ‘greedy hearts’ go together, and the soul shrinks in direct proportion to its greediness. The envious person is never satisfied, for he can never keep step with his own insatiable ego.
“The Chontal Indians, living in the low, swampy delta land of Tabasco in southern Mexico, regard envy in a more subtle way. They say of the man who is envious of his neighbor, ‘He did not want to see his neighbor.’ This describes the end result of envy. People cannot bear to see others enjoying the privileges which they insist should be their own. The envious man has acquired such a self-directed stare that he cannot take his eyes off self to see another’s enjoyment.”
In Central Mazahua is is translated as “jealous of each other, their fellow people,” in Sayula Popoluca as “hate those who have something” (source: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.), in Matumbi as sukya, which means “envy” but also “hate” (source: Pioneer Bible Translators, project-specific notes in Paratext), and in Kupsabiny as “blackstomached” (source: Kupsabiny Back Translation).
See also envy.
The Greek and Hebrew that is translated as “(man) after my (or: his) heart” in English is translated in a number of ways:
- Teutila Cuicatec. “(a man who) respects what I want”
- Eastern Highland Otomi: “whom I look well on”
- Chichimeca-Jonaz: “who pleases my heart”
- Xicotepec De Juárez Totonac: “thinks like I do”
- Tzotzil: “with his heart the same as mine (we think the same way)”
- Isthmus Mixe: “his heart and mine meet together”
- Morelos Nahuatl: “a good man whom I like”
- Shipibo-Conibo: “does what I desire in my heart” (source: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)
- Kupsabiny: “a person my stomach loves” (source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
- Bariai: “a man who follows my mind (lit. interior)” (source: Bariai Back Translation)
- Mairasi: “one who has My throat and makes My liver good” (source: Enggavoter 2004)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “I am very pleased with his customs” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Tagbanwa: “his ways/nature really please me for they are really in harmony with my ways” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
The Hebrew and Greek that is often translated as “your blood be on your own heads” or similar in English is translated as
- “you have the guilt if you don’t receive eternal life” in Highland Popoluca
- “you are to blame if you lose your own souls” in Coatlán Mixe
- “you will be to blame yourselves when you do not go to a good place” in Isthmus Mixe
- “you will be lost but you are at fault yourselves” in Morelos Nahuatl
- “you are the ones who are guilty that you will be lost” in Lalana Chinantec (source for this and above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)
- “if you die in your bad deeds, it’s your own bad fault” in Bariai (source: Bariai Back Translation)
- “let your own blood alone eat you” in Kupsabiny (source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
- “You have killed yourselves with your own heart” in Chichewa (source: Wendland 1987, p. 28)
- “your blood will be to you” (existing idiom) in Kwere (source: Pioneer Bible Translators, project-specific translation notes in Paratext)
The Greek and Hebrew that is translated as “showbread,” “bread of the presence,” or “consecrated bread” in English is translated as:
- “bread set before the face of God” (Luvale)
- “loaves which are laid before the face (of God)” (Toraja-Sa’dan) (source for this and above: Bratcher / Nida)
- “bread to-do-homage” (Tae’)
- “holy bread” (Pohnpeian, Chuukese)
- “placed bread” (Ekari)
- “church-bread” (Sranan Tongo) (source for this and three above: Reiling / Swellengrebel)
- “loaves offered to God” (interconfessional Chichewa translation; source: Wendland 1998, p. 110)
- “bread that was sitting on the altar” (Low German) (translation by Johannes Jessen, publ. 1933, republ. 2006)
- “bread that only (the) priests were permitted to eat” (Kupsabiny) (source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
- “offering bread which was remaining in Deo’s sight” (Bariai) (source: Bariai Back Translation)
- “bread that was offered/sacrificed to God” (Uma) (source: Uma Back Translation)
- [“bread which is the thank-offering to God” (tip_language language=”6194″]Tagbanwa[/tip_language]) (source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
See Mark 2:23-28 in Russian Sign Language for the Russian Sign Language translation of “showbread.”
The Greek in Romans 1:26 that is translated as “exchanged natural relations for unnatural” or similar in English is translated as
The Greek in Romans 2:23 that is usually translated in English as “dishonor God” is translated in various ways:
See also complete verse (Romans 2:23).
