Language-specific Insights

genealogy

The Greek that is translated in English as “genealogies” is translated in Kwara’ae as “long stories about generations.” (Source: Carl Gross)

In Tabasco Chontal it is “names of inhabitants of a long time ago,” and in Sayula Popoluca “ancient names.” (Source: John Beekman & Harwood Hess in Notes on Translation, March 1963, p. 1ff.)

See also genealogy (Matthew 1:1).

dishonor God

The Greek in Romans 2:23 that is usually translated in English as “dishonor God” is translated in various ways:

See also complete verse (Romans 2:23).

envy / envious

The Greek, Latin and Hebrew that is translated as “envy” or “envious” in most English translations is, according to Nida (1952, p. 134), translated into Tzeltal and Tabasco Chontal in the following manner:

“Envy is bred of covetousness and self-centeredness. The Tzeltals, who recognize a covetous man as having a ‘small heart,’ say that an envious person has ‘a greedy heart.’ ‘Small hearts’ and ‘greedy hearts’ go together, and the soul shrinks in direct proportion to its greediness. The envious person is never satisfied, for he can never keep step with his own insatiable ego.

“The Chontal Indians, living in the low, swampy delta land of Tabasco in southern Mexico, regard envy in a more subtle way. They say of the man who is envious of his neighbor, ‘He did not want to see his neighbor.’ This describes the end result of envy. People cannot bear to see others enjoying the privileges which they insist should be their own. The envious man has acquired such a self-directed stare that he cannot take his eyes off self to see another’s enjoyment.”

Other translations include:

  • Central Mazahua: “jealous of each other, their fellow people”
  • Sayula Popoluca: “hate those who have something” (source for this and above: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)
  • Chol: “resent the well-being of others” (source: John Beekman & Harwood Hess in Notes on Translation, March 1963, p. 1ff.)
  • Matumbi: sukya, which means “envy” but also “hate” (source: Pioneer Bible Translators, project-specific notes in Paratext)
  • Kupsabiny: “blackstomached” (source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)

See also envy.

chaste behavior, pure, pure conduct

The Greek in 1 Peter 3:2 that is translated in English as “pure conduct” (or “chaste behavior”) is translated in Balanta-Kentohe as “good walk” (source: Rob Koops), in Ojitlán Chinantec as “and will not think evil in their hearts,” in Sayula Popoluca as “walk clean,” in Tenango Otomi as “guard their hearts,” an in Isthmus Mixe as “not walk evilly” (source: John Beekman & Harwood Hess in Notes on Translation, March 1963, p. 1ff.)

The standalone term that is translated as “pure” is translated in Mezquital Otomi as “that which cleanses one’s thoughts,” and in Alekano as “making our insides white.” (Source: Ellis Deibler in Notes on Translation July, 1967, p. 5ff.).

See also snow (color).

do not be conformed to this world𖺗 but be transformed by the renewal of your mind

The Greek in Romans 12:2 that is translated in English as some form of “do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewal of your mind” is translated into Bilua as “you must not follow this generation’s behavior, but you must allow God in your heart that he make you new in your life and thinking.”

The first part of this phrase (“(don’t be) conformed to this world”) is translated as “live doing as other people do who live here in the world” in Central Tarahumara, as “do like mankind does, people who are here on the earth” in Yatzachi Zapotec, as “do like people in this sinful world” in Chicahuaxtla Triqui, and “the life of those who walk in sin” in Mezquital Otomi.

The second part (“be transformed by the renewal of your mind”) is translated as “let the way you think become new and changed” in Chicahuaxtla Triqui, as “change so that what you think may become new” in Sayula Popoluca, as “let God change your head-hearts in order that your thoughts will he changed” in Yatzachi Zapotec, as “be different since the Holy Spirit has made your mind new” in Huehuetla Tepehua, and as “in a different way think well” in Central Tarahumara. (Source: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)

show every courtesy to everyone

The Greek that is typically translated as “show every courtesy to everyone” in English is translated in various ways:

  • Sayula Popoluca: “they should walk humbly with all men”
  • Tenango Otomi: “and to be seen to be humble before people”
  • Isthmus Mixe: “let them respect the people anyone”
  • Ojitlán Chinantec: “and their hearts big to all people”(source for this and three above: John Beekman & Harwood Hess in Notes on Translation, March 1963, p. 1ff.)

despise

The Greek that is translated as “despise” in English is translated as