The Greek in Romans 2:23 that is usually translated in English as “dishonor God” is translated in various ways:
See also complete verse (Romans 2:23).
The Greek in Luke 10:41 that is translated as something like “worried (or: anxious) and bothered about many things” is translated in Tzeltal as “doing all kinds of things has gone to your heart and you have difficulty because of it” (source: Reiling / Swellengrebel) and in Bariai as “You are concerned (lit. your interior is here and there) and worried (lit. you have various interiors) about very many things” (source: Bariai Back Translation).
In the German New Testament translation by Berger / Nord (publ. 1999) it is translated idiomatically as ich will dir anerkennen, dass du vor lauter Machen und Tun nicht weiß, wo dir der Kopf steht or “I will acknowledge that you don’t know where your head is because of all the doing and making.”
The term that is translated as “worried (or anxious)” in English is often translated idiomatically. Examples include “eating for oneself one’s heart” (Shona, version of 1966), “black with worry” (Chichewa), “breaking one’s head” (Sranan-Tongo), “hanging up the heart” (Bulu), “crumbling in one’s abdomen” (Western Kanjobal), “one’s stomach is rising up” (Farefare), or “one’s mind is killing one” (Navajo (Dinė)). (Source: Reiling / Swellengrebel)
See also troubled / perplexed and worry and see also Seat of the Mind for traditional views of “ways of knowing, thinking, and feeling.”
The Hebrew and Greek that is translated as “gnat” or similar in English is translated in Bariai as “sand fly” (source: Bariai Back Translation).
In Matthew 19:28, the German translation by Fridolin Stier (1989) uses a diminutive form of mosquito (Mücklein).
The Greek that is often translated in English as “devout” (or “pious”) is translated in various ways:
- Lalana Chinantec: “[people who] revere God”
- Chichimeca-Jonaz: “[people who] obey and worship God”
- Eastern Highland Otomi: “[people who] remember God”
- San Mateo del Mar Huave: “worshipers of God”
- Tzotzil: “[people who] are zealously doing what they think is God’s word”
- Mezquital Otomi: “[people who] very much believe what they have been taught about God” (source for this and five above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)
- Chichewa interconfessional translation, publ. 1999: “[people who] love God” (source: Wendland 1998, p. 90)
- Uma: “[people who] submit to Lord God” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “very religious” (source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “[people who] are faithful in carrying out the commands of God” (source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “[people who] are serving God” (source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tagbanwa: “[people who] are indeed devout-worshipers of God” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
- Bariai: “[people who] respect God” (source: Bariai Back Translation)
- Kupsabiny: “[people who] have dedicated themselves to God” (source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
- German: “God-fearing” (gottesfürchtig) or “pious” (fromm)
- Low German translation by Johannes Jessen, publ. 1933, republ. 2006: “[people who] take their faith very seriously” (source for this and above: Zetzsche)
- Hausa Common Language Bible: “owners of worshiping God” (source: Hausa Common Language Bible Back Translation)
- Hiligaynon: “godly” (source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
See also righteous / righteousness.
The Greek that is translated as “principalities” or “rulers” in English is translated in various ways:
The Hebrew and Greek that is translated in English as “sour wine” or “vinegar” is translated in the following ways:
- North Alaskan Inupiatun: “wine”
- Navajo (Dinė): “sour grape juice”
- Aguaruna: “bitter drink”
- Yatzachi Zapotec: “cheap wine” (source for this and above: M. Larson / B. Moore in Notes on Translation February 1970, p. 1-125.)
- Noongar: “sour / bitter water” (source: Bardip Ruth-Ang 2020)
- Chichewa “spoiled wine” (vinyo wosasa — the word “wosasa” is used to refer to any food or drink that has become bad and produces bad smell because it has either overstayed or exposed to bacteria and other infections) (source: Mawu a Mulungu mu Chichewa Chalero Back Translation)
- Bariai: “sour wine juice” (source: Bariai Back Translation)
- Cherokee: “sour” (source: Bender / Belt 2025, p. 16)
See also proceeds from the vine / anything that comes from the grapevine and wine.
The Greek in Acts 2:17 that is translated as “in the last days” in English is translated as
- “there will be a day” (Eastern Highland Otomi)
- “when the world is about to turn around” (Isthmus Mixe)
- “when the time comes that the sky will soon perish” (Lalana Chinantec)
- “when it will nearly be time for the world to come to an end” (Chichimeca-Jonaz)
- “while the last day is near” (Tzotzil)
- “close to when the end comes” (Huichol) (source for this and one above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)
- “at the [time of] the end of the world (Uma) (source: Uma Back Translation)
- “day later and very much later” (Bariai) (source: Bariai Back Translation)
The Greek that is translated as “grieving” or “sorrowful” in English is often translated metaphorically:
- “his stomach died” (Mezquital Otomi)
- “he was heavy in his stomach” (Uduk)
- “his heart was pained” (Kpelle)
- “he was sick in his mind” (Amganad Ifugao)
- “his heart hung” (Loma)
- “his heart was spoiled” (Mossi) (source for this and all above: Bratcher / Nida 1961)
- “his interior was crying” (Bariai) (source: Bariai Back Translation)
- “heart got shocked” (Kupsabiny) (source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
- “insides/heart-became-bad” (Mairasi ) (source: Enggavoter 2004)
See also sorrow and Seat of the Mind for traditional views of “ways of knowing, thinking, and feeling.”
