The Greek that is translated as “principalities” or “rulers” in English is translated in various ways:
- North Alaskan Inupiatun: “evil spirits”
- Hopi: “those who are first”
- Chicahuaxtla Triqui: “one who is prominent in heaven”
- Yatzachi Zapotec: “important bad angels”
- Isthmus Zapotec: “spirits who have power”
- Central Tarahumara: “other great spirits”
- Huehuetla Tepehua: “big angels”
- Highland Totonac: “the ones who control things” (source for this and above: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)
- Mairasi: “powerful ones” (source: Enggavoter 2004)