Language-specific Insights

deny oneself

The Greek that is translated with “deny himself” or “deny oneself” is according to Bratcher / Nida “without doubt one of the most difficult expressions in all of Mark to translate adequately.” These are many of the (back-) translations:

cart

The Hebrew in Amos 2:13 that is translated as “cart” in English presented a problem in Dan since carts are not being used. Instead, the translation uses an animal loaded with goods. (Source: Don Slager)

See also cart.

praise (God)

The Greek and Hebrew that is translated as “praise (God)” in English is translated in a nuymber of ways:

In Dan a figurative expression for praising God is used: “push God’s horse.” “In the distant past people closely followed the horses ridden by chiefs, so ‘pushing’ them.” (Source: Don Slager)

bury

The Hebrew in Hosea 9:6 that is translated as “bury” or “funeral” in English is translated in Dan with a word that can mean either “hide” or “bury.” To prevent misunderstandings the translation makes it explicit that this refers to dead being buried. (Source: Don Slager)

twenty shekels by weight

The Hebrew in Ezekiel 4:10 that is translated as “twenty shekels by weight” (or “eight ounces” or “230 grams”) in English is translated in Dan as “one kneecap,” the commonly used form of measurement.

In Klao it is “one cup.” (Source: Don Slager)

as the LORD lives

The Hebrew and Greek that is often translated as “As the Lord lives, (I swear)” in English is translated in Dan as “I swear before the true living God” to “not to imply that God could die, contrasting with the dead false gods.” (Source: Don Slager)

Similarly, In Elhomwe it is translated as “before the Lord.” (Source: project-specific translation notes in Paratext)

In the Nepali Revised Version (1977, 1997) it is translated as “taking an oath by the Lord” and in the Simple Nepali Holy Bible (2008) as “I swear by the living Lord.”

Chitra B. Chhetri (in The Bible Translator 2007, p. 64ff. ) comments on this translation: “[In the Nepali context,] theologically, one cannot swear by the life of the deity, because divine beings are not subject to the doctrine of saṃsāra, the binding cycle of life and death, in Hinduism practiced in Nepal. In other words, one cannot speak of life and death of a god. Therefore, one can only swear in the name of the deity. One can, however, swear by the life of a superior human being, because humans are subject to life and death. Syntactically, adjectival usage is natural to the Nepali language in the context in which it is used. It would be natural and meaningful to say adjectivally, ‘I swear by the living Lord.’ However, it would be quite awkward and meaningless to say in a nominal form, ‘I swear by the life of the Lord‘ or a verbal form, ‘I swear that the Lord lives.'”

See also in the name of / on the account of his (or: my) name and The LORD lives.

relieve oneself

The Hebrew in Judges 3:24 that is translated as “relieve himself” or similar in English needed to be translated with a euphemism in Dan. The phrase that was used was “he hit the bush.”

See also relieve oneself.

lift the baggage on your shoulder

The Hebrew in Ezekiel 12:6 that is translated as “lift the baggage on your shoulder” in English is translated in Dan as “place the luggage on your head,” the more culturally appropriate expression for carrying luggage. (Source: Don Slager)