Language-specific Insights

vain things

The Greek in Acts 4:25 that is translated as “vain things” or similar in English is translated in the following ways:

  • “as vain things plan together but in vain” (Chuj)
  • “imagining many things which they were not able to do” (Morelos Nahuatl)
  • “think up things that are not at all important” (Central Pame)
  • “tried to do God bad but in vain” (Highland Popoluca)
  • “that evil they think to do will never be carried out” (Mezquital Otomi)
  • “think a lot about big things but can’t do them” (Tataltepec Chatino (Source for this and above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)

receive the gift of the Holy Spirit

The Greek in Acts 2:38 that is translated “receive the gift of the Holy Spirit” or similar in English is translated as

  • “receive the gift of God which is the Holy Spirit” in Eastern Highland Otomi
  • “God will give his Spirit to you” in Chuj
  • “God will cause his Holy Spirit to possess you” in Teutila Cuicatec
  • “the Holy Spirit will come into your souls with his power” in Desano
  • “you will receive the Holy Spirit, Father God will give you that” in San Mateo del Mar Huave
  • “God will send the Holy Spirit to live with you” Mezquital Otomi (source for this and above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)
  • “you guys will receive Great Above Ones Spirit as a gift from right where Great Above One lives” in Mairasi (source: Enggavoter 2004)
  • “you will receive the Straight Spirit as a gift to you” in Bariai (source: Bariai Back Translation)

See also Receive the Holy Spirit.

lame

The Greek that is translated as “lame” in English is translated in various ways:

until the time of universal restoration

The Greek in Acts 3:21 that is translated as “until the time of universal restoration (or: restoration of all things”)” or similar in English is translated in various wayz

  • “until then when everything will be renewed” in Isthmus Mixe
  • “the day is coming that God will fix this earth” in Highland Popoluca
  • “he will come to make good again everything one time more” in Chuj
  • “he will lay out new all things” in Metlatónoc Mixtec
  • “when God will make everything good like it was in the beginning” in San Mateo Del Mar Huave
  • “until he comes to straighten things out” in Rincón Zapotec (source for this and above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)

cut to the heart, hearts were troubled

The Greek in Acts 2:37 that is translated as “cut to the heart” or “hearts were troubled” or alike in English is translated as “it entered squeezing in their spirits” in Chuj. (Source: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)

In the German New Testament translation by Berger / Nord (publ. 1999) it is translated as “their heart hurt.”

See also troubled.

room upstairs

The Greek that is translated as “room upstairs” of “upper room” in English is translated in a 1922 translation into Chagatai, a precursor language of both Uzbek and Uighur, with bala-xāna, “small room” of “children’s room.” “It is safe to say that the cultural structure of the Uighurs influenced the choice of this word for the translation. At the time of the translation, the attic room commonly used by the Uighurs living in East Turkistan was known as “bala-khana”, due to its smaller size compared to other rooms. Therefore, it is understood that the translators translated the source text by considering word choices such as this that would help society understand the text better. This choice of the translators can again be explained by the concept of cultural equivalents.” (Source: F. Erbay and F.N. Küçükballı in Acta Theologica 2025 45/2, p. 133ff. )

Other translations include:

  • Teutila Cuicatec: “upper room on the second floor”
  • Chuj: “one room which was above”
  • Eastern Highland Otomi: “a room upstairs”
  • Morelos Nahuatl: “a room on top of the house”
  • Isthmus Mixe: “the top floor of a more than one story house” (Source for this and above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)

put the Spirit of the Lord to the test

The Greek in Acts 5:8 that is translated as “put the Spirit of the Lord to the test” or similar in English is translated as “to lie to the Holy Spirit of God” in San Mateo Del Mar Huave, as “you tried (and failed) to lie to His-Spirit God our Lord” in Chuj, as “to test the Lord’s Spirit if he would pay attention to everything” in Isthmus Mixe or “is it that you wanted to see whether the Great Spirit of the Lord would not do anything” in Lalana Chinantec. (Source: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)

See tempt God / put God to the test.