The Greek that is translated as “elder” in most English versions (“presbyter” in The Orthodox New Testament, 2000) is translated as “Old-Man Leader” in Eastern Highland Otomi (source: John Beekman in Notes on Translation November 1964, p. 1-22) and in Bacama as mi kpan-kpani vɨnə hiutə: “big/old person of house of prayer” (source: David Frank in this blog post ).
Other translations include:
“person who commands among the people of Jesus” in Lalana Chinantec
“supervisor of the creed” in Guhu-Samane (source for this and three above: Ellis Deibler in Notes on Translation July, 1967, p. 5ff.)
“older person” with an implication of that being a leader-like person in Matumbi (source: Pioneer Bible Translators, project-specific notes in Paratext)
“person who has taken on responsibilities in the congregation” in German (das Buch translation by Roland Werner, publ. 2009-2022)
The German New Testament translation by Berger / Nord (publ. 1999) chooses for the occurrences in Revelation the translation of Würdenträger or “dignitary.” Elsewhere (for instance in 1 Peter 5:1) it has “elders, your congregational leadership.”
The Greek in Romans 9:21 that is translated as “one object for special use and another for ordinary use” or similar in English is translated in the German New Testament translation by Berger / Nord (publ. 1999) with the word play Tafelgeschirr oder Nachtgeschirr or “table ware or chamber pot.”
The Greek in 1 Timothy 1:20 that is translated as “turned over to Satan” or similar in English is translated in the German New Testament translation by Berger / Nord (publ. 1999) with in einem Fluchgebet an Satan übergeben or “handed over to Satan in a prayer of curse.”
The Greek that is translated as “our daily bread” or similar in most English versions was translated in the Catholic English Douay-Rheims version (publ. 1582) as “our supersubstantial bread.”
In the Kölsch translation (Boch 2017) it is translated as wat mer Minsche zum Levve bruche or “what us humans need for sustenance.” (Source: Jost Zetzsche)
In the German New Testament translation by Berger / Nord (publ. 1999) it is translated as das Brot für den kommenenden Tag or “the breads for the day ahead.”
In French, the phrase pain quotidien (“daily bread”) is used as an idiom for daily necessities or daily-occurring events or experiences. (Source: Muller 1991, p. 18)
The Greek in Luke 11:21 that is translated as “fully armed” or similar in English is translated in the German New Testament translation by Berger / Nord (publ. 1999) idiomatically with bis an die Zähne bewaffnet or “armed to the teeth.”
The Greek in John 1:12 that is translated as “who believed in his name” or similar in English is translated in the German New Testament translation by Berger / Nord (publ. 1999) as sich seinem Namen anvertrauen or “entrusted themselves to his name.”
In the EnglishGood News Bible (2nd edition of 1992), this occurrence of the Greek hoi Ioudaioi, traditionally “the Jews” in English, is translated with “people,” “crowd,” or “they” in contexts that imply that the referred groups are hostile to Jesus For an explanation of the differentiated translation in English as well as translation choices in a number of languages, see the Jews.
The German New Testament translation by Berger / Nord (publ. 1999) also often translates here as jüdische Gegner or “Jewish adversaries.”
The Greek term that was translated by the LatinVulgate translation as Calvariæ or “skulls” was transliterated from that Latin translation in many European languages, including in the EnglishKing James and Douay-Rheims versions, as well as some early translations into French (Calvaire), Portuguese (Caveira), or Spanish (Calavera).
In the German New Testament translation by Berger / Nord (publ. 1999) the Greek Κρανίον is transliterated instead: Kranion.
In French, calvaire has also become idiomatic for “ordeal,” “misery,” or “martyrdom.” (Source: Muller 1991, p. 82)
