looked around at them with anger

The Greek in Mark 3:5 that is translated as “looked around at them with anger” in English is translated in the Protestant Mandarin Chinese Union Version with a historical Chinese idiom: nùmù huánshì (怒目環視 / 怒目环视) or “glaring around (lit. “angry eyes look around) .” (Source: Toshikazu S. Foley in Hong Kong Journal of Catholic Studies, 2011, p. 45ff.)

hardness of heart

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The Hebrew, Ge’ez, and Greek that is translated as “hardness of heart” in English is translated as “large heart” has been translated in many ways:

In the German New Testament translation by Berger / Nord (publ. 1999) it is translated colloquially as wie vernagelt or “obtuse” (in Mark 6:52 and 8:17).

While Moba has a rich metaphorical library using the concept of “heart” (pal) it follows very different paradigms compared to Greek, Hebrew and English concepts. The parallel expression of “hardened heart” means “courageous” or “encouraged” (see hearts burning) so in the 2008 Moba Yendu Kadapaaonn translation various constructs are used to translate “hardness of heart,” including “not willing to change one’s mind” (in Mark 3:5) or “make temptation into the heart” (John 12:40). (Source: Bedouma Joseph Kobaike in Le Sycomore 17/1, 2024, p. 3ff. )

See also stubborn / hardness of heart.

Mark 3:1-6 in Russian Sign Language

Following is the translation of Mark 3:1-6 into Russian Sign Language with a back-translation underneath:


Source: Russian Bible Society / Российское Библейское Общество

The house of prayer of the Jews. There was a man there with a dried up hand. The Pharisees were also sitting there. On the Sabbath day Jesus went into the house of prayer. The Pharisees began to say to one another:

— If Jesus heals this man with a dried up hand, then we will rebuke Jesus for breaking the law. Today is the Sabbath, so it is not lawful to heal today.

Jesus looked around, saw a man with a dried up hand, and in full view of everyone called him to the center of the hall. The man approached Jesus. Jesus looked at the Pharisees and said to them:

— Today is the Sabbath. Tell me, what does the law allow you to do on this day? To heal and give health to the man? Or to be indifferent and ignore how he perishes? Tell me.

The Pharisees could say nothing in response. Jesus became angry with the Pharisees and said:

— It is a pity that your hearts are callous.

Jesus’ said to the man with the dry hand:

— Stretch out your hand!

The man stretched out his hand — and it became healthy!

When the Pharisees saw all this, they went out of there with indignation. The Pharisees went to the place where the men, King Herod’s supporters, were. The Pharisees went up to them and began to say to one another:

— How shall we kill this Jesus?

Original Russian back-translation (click or tap here):

Дом молитвы евреев. Там был один человек с высохшей рукой. Также там сидели фарисеи. В день субботний Иисус зашел в дом молитвы. Фарисеи стали говорить друг другу:

— Если Иисус исцелит этого человека с сухой рукой, тогда мы уличим Иисуса в нарушении закона. Сегодня суббота, поэтому исцелять сегодня нельзя по закону.
Иисус посмотрел вокруг, увидел человека с высохшей рукой, и на виду у всех позвал его в центр зала. Этот человек подошел к Иисусу. Иисус посмотрел на фарисеев и сказал им:

— Сегодня суббота. Скажите, что разрешает закон делать в этот день? Исцелить и дать здоровье человеку? Или же быть равнодушным и не обращать внимания, как он погибает? Скажите мне.

Фарисеи ничего не могли сказать в ответ. Иисус разгневался на фарисеев и сказал:

— Жаль, что у вас сердца черствые.

Портом Иисус сказал человеку с сухой рукой:

— Вытяни свою руку!

Человек протянул свою руку — и она стала здоровой!

Фарисеи, увидев все это, с возмущением вышли оттуда. Фарисеи пошли в то место, где были люди, сторонники царя Ирода. Фарисеи подошли к ним и стали говорить друг другу:

— Как же нам убить этого Иисуса?

Back-translation by Luka Manevich

<< Mark 2:23-28 in Russian Sign Language
Mark 3:7-12 in Russian Sign Language >>

Mark 3:1-6 in Mexican Sign Language

Following is the translation of Mark 3:1-6 into Mexican Sign Language with back-translations into Spanish and English underneath:


© La Biblia en LSM / La Palabra de Dios

Retrotraducciones en español (haga clic o pulse aquí)

Después Jesús otra vez fue al templo, y allá había un hombre enfermo, con un mano deforme.

Jesús lo miró y los Fariseos lo vieron y pensaron: Es el día de descanso, si Jesús lo sana lo podemos acusar.

Mientras estaban viendo, Jesús (dijo al hombre): “Ven, hombre, parate para que ellos lo vean.” El hombre con el mano deforme se paró y se acercó a él.

Jesus dijo: “Hoy es el sábado, debemos descansar. ¿Podemos matar o salvar una vida, cuál? ¿Qué piensan? Diganme.

¿Piensan uds que Dios da permiso que hagamos bien o que hagamos mal? ¿Cuál? Diganme.”

Todas las personas no dieron ninguna respuesta, estaban callados, no dijeron nada.

Jesús los miraba y adentro se enojó porque los corazones de la gente estaban negros, se sintió muy triste.

Dijo: “Tu puedes extender tu mano deforme, adelante.” El hombre extendió su mano deforme y podía mover sus dedos, fue sanado.

Los fariseos se paraban uno por uno y salían caminando y se alejaron en un grupo, y miraron alrededor unos judíos que siempre daban soporte al Rey Herodes Antipas (los herodianos): ¡bien! Y junto dialogaban cómo podían matar a Jesús.


Afterwards Jesus again went to the religious building and there was a man who was ill, with a deformed hand.

Jesus looked at him and the Pharisees saw it and thought: It’s the day of rest, if Jesus heals him we can accuse him.

As they were watching, Jesus looked (and said to the man): “Come here, man, get up so that they see it.” The man with the deformed hand got up and went up to him.

Jesus said: “Today is Saturday and we have to rest. Can we kill or save a life, which? What do you think? Tell me.

“Do you think that God gives us permission to do good or to do bad, which? Tell me.”

All the people did not answer anything, they were silent and did not say anything.

Jesus looked at them and he got angry inside because the hearts of the people were black, he felt very sad.

He said: “You can stretch out your deformed hand, go ahead.” The man stretched out his deformed hand and could move his fingers, he was healed.

The Pharisees got up one by one and walked out, and they left as a group, and they looked and saw around them some Jews who always were in support of King Herod Antipas (the Herodians): good! And they discussed together how they could kill Jesus.

Source: La Biblia en LSM / La Palabra de Dios

<< Mark 2:23-28 in Mexican Sign Language
Mark 3:7-12 in Mexican Sign Language >>

anger

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The Hebrew, Latin and Greek that is translated as “anger” or similar in English in this verse is translated with a variety of solutions (Bratcher / Nida says: “Since anger has so many manifestations and seems to affect so many aspects of personality, it is not strange that expressions used to describe this emotional response are so varied”).

  • Chicahuaxtla Triqui: “be warm inside”
  • Mende: “have a cut heart”
  • Mískito: “have a split heart”
  • Tzotzil: “have a hot heart”
  • Mossi: “a swollen heart”
  • Western Kanjobal: “fire of the viscera”
  • San Blas Kuna: “pain in the heart”
  • Chimborazo Highland Quichua: “not with good eye”
  • Chichewa: “have a burning heart” (source: Mawu a Mulungu mu Chichewa Chalero Back Translation) (see also anger burned in him)
  • Citak: two different terms, one meaning “angry” and one meaning “offended,” both are actually descriptions of facial expressions. The former can be represented by an angry stretching of the eyes or by an angry frown. The latter is similarly expressed by an offended type of frown with one’s head lowered. (Source: Graham Ogden)

In Akan, a number of metaphors are used, most importantly abufuo, lit. “weedy chest” (the chest is seen as a container that contains the heart but can also metaphorically be filled with other fluids etc.), but also abufuhyeε lit. “hot/burning weedy chest” and anibereε, lit. “reddened eyes.” (Source: Gladys Nyarko Ansah in Kövecses / Benczes / Szelid 2024, p. 21ff.)

See also God’s anger and angry.

complete verse (Mark 3:5)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 3:5:

  • Uma: “Yesus turned around looking at them. He was angry and upset because their hearts were very hard. That is why he said saying to the man whose one hand was dead: ‘Put out your (sing.) hand.’ He put out his hand, he was healed.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Isa looked around at them. His liver was very grieved and he was angry because they had no pity for the people. So-then he said to the man with the withered hand, ‘Stretch out your hand.’ Na, he stretched it out, then his hand was already healed.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “As Jesus was looking around at the many people, he became very angry with them, and his breath became very painful because those people had no pity. Then he said to the man whose hand was destroyed, ‘Friend, straighten out your hand.’ And the man straightened out his hand and was immediately healed.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Jesus was angry as he looked-fixedly at them. He also felt sad (lit. his thoughts hurt) because of their stubborn/unresponsive minds (lit. hard minds). Then he said to the one with the atrophied arm/hand, ‘Stretch-out your (sing.) arm/hand.’ He stretched it out and it was totally made-well.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Jesus stared at that crowd of people around him. Part of his mind/inner-being was angry. The other part was sad because of their stubbornness (lit. the hardness of their heads). He transferred his look to that person-with-something-limp and said, ‘Raise-and-stretch-out your hand/arm.’ He truly did raise-and-stretch-it -out, that limpness of his at once becoming completely better.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

Honorary "are" construct denoting God ("say")

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Like a number of other East Asian languages, Japanese uses a complex system of honorifics, i.e. a system where a number of different levels of politeness are expressed in language via words, word forms or grammatical constructs. These can range from addressing someone or referring to someone with contempt (very informal) to expressing the highest level of reference (as used in addressing or referring to God) or any number of levels in-between.

One way Japanese shows different degree of politeness is through the usage of an honorific construction where the morpheme are (され) is affixed on the verb as shown here in the widely-used Japanese Shinkaiyaku (新改訳) Bible of 2017. This is particularly done with verbs that have God as the agent to show a deep sense of reverence. Here, iw-are-ru (言われる) or “say” is used.

(Source: S. E. Doi, see also S. E. Doi in Journal of Translation, 18/2022, p. 37ff. )