The Greek that is often translated as “patriarchs” in English is translated as
- “first old fathers” in Isthmus Zapotec
- “the ancient fathers” in Tzeltal / Highland Totonac
- “the old important people who lived long ago were forefathers of the Israelites” in Yatzachi Zapotec
- “the 12 sons of Jacob” Central Tarahumara
- “the fathers from way back when” in Chicahuaxtla Triqui (source for this and above: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)
- “chiefs over each of the clans of Israel” in Bariai (source: Bariai Back Translation)
- “our twelve grandfathers” in Kupsabiny (source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
- “twelve children from where Jews came-from” in Hiligaynon (source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
The Greek in Romans 1:30 that is translated as “slanderer” or “backbiter” or similar in English is translated as “raised up lies about their fellow people” in Central Mazahua, as “talk ugly about their fellows” in Chicahuaxtla Triqui, as “those who give a vicious twist to what they hear” in Highland Totonac, and as “hunted people’s sin” in Huehuetla Tepehua. (Source: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)
In the German New Testament translation by Berger / Nord (publ. 1999) it is translated as sie leisten Spitzeldienste or “they are informers.”
The Greek in Matthew 1:17 that is rendered as “generations” in English is translated into Sierra Totonac as “growings.” (2nd translation into Sierra Totonac of 1999.)
See also (this) generation and all generations.
The Greek that is usually translated as “humble” or “lowly” in English is translated as
- Eastern Highland Otomi: “one who doesn’t elevate himself”
- Yatzachi Zapotec: “those who think they aren’t worth much”
- Alekano: “those who stay low” (source for this and above: Ellis Deibler in Notes on Translation July, 1967, p. 5ff.)
- Mezquital Otomi: “poor brothers”
- Isthmus Zapotec: “ones who little-honored”
- Highland Totonac: “just ordinary people”
- Yatzachi Zapotec: “poor people who have nothing” (source for this and three above: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.).
- Low German: “those who don’t account to anything in other people’s eyes” (source: translation by Johannes Jessen, publ. 1933, republ. 2006)
- Kako: “those who lower the heart” (source: Reyburn 2002, p. 190)
See also humble (mind).
The Greek in Romans 2:23 that is usually translated in English as “dishonor God” is translated in various ways:
See also complete verse (Romans 2:23).
The Greek in Romans 2:14 that is often translated into English as “they are a law to themselves” is translated these ways:
- Bilua: “they follow their own law” (source: Carl Gross)
- Huehuetla Tepehua: “it is just as if they had a law in their hearts”
- Highland Totonac: “on their own they think of the law they should do”
- Yatzachi Zapotec: “what their head-hearts tell them to do is like the law for them”
- Chicahuaxtla Triqui: “their very hearts is a law which issues orders to them”
- Tzeltal: “it is because there are commandments in their hearts”
- Sierra de Juárez Zapotec: “show that they themselves know what they ought to do” (source for this and five above: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)
- Uma: “their own hearts become like the Lord’s Law to them” (source: Uma Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “they have a Law there in their breath” (source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “their minds are like their law which directs them” (source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
See also a law unto themselves.
The Greek that is often translated as “honor” in English is translated as
The Hebrew and Greek that is translated as “adultery” in English (here etymologically meaning “to alter”) is typically understood as “marital infidelity.” It is (back-) translated in the following ways:
- Highland Totonac: “to do something together”
- Yucateco: “pair-sin”
- Ngäbere: “robbing another’s half self-possession” (compare “fornication” which is “robbing self-possession,” that is, to rob what belongs to a person)
- Kaqchikel, Chol: “to act like a dog” (see also licentiousness)
- Toraja-Sa’dan: “to measure the depth of the river of (another’s) marriage”
- North Alaskan Inupiatun: “married people using what is not theirs” (compare “fornication” which is “unmarried people using what is not theirs”) (source for this and all above: Bratcher / Nida)
- Purari: “play hands with” or “play eyes with”
- Chicahuaxtla Triqui: “talk secretly with spouses of our fellows”
- Isthmus Zapotec: “go in with other people’s spouses”
- Tzeltal: “practice illicit relationship with women”
- Huehuetla Tepehua: “live with some one who isn’t your wife”
- Central Tarahumara: “sleep with a strange partner”
- Hopi: “tamper with marriage” (source for this and seven above: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)
- German: Ehebrecher or “marriage breaker” / Ehe brechen or “breaking of marriage” (source: Zetzsche)
- In Falam Chin the term for “adultery” is the phrase for “to share breast” which relates to adultery by either sex. (Source: David Clark)
- In Ixcatlán Mazatec a specification needs to be made to include both genders. (Source: Robert Bascom)
- Likewise in Hiligaynon: “commit-adultery-with-a-man or commit-adultery-with-a-woman” (source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
See also adultery, adulterer, adulteress, and you shall not commit adultery.
