I will keep watch

The Hebrew in Habakkuk 2:1 that is translated as “I will keep watch” or similar in English is translated in Vidunda as “I won’t sleep.” (Source: Pioneer Bible Translators, project-specific translation notes in Paratext)

prophet

Eugene Nida wrote the following about the translation of the Hebrew, Aramaic, Ge’ez, and Greek terms that are typically translated with “prophet” in English:

“The tendency in many translations is to use ‘to foretell the future’ for ‘prophesy,’ and ‘one who foretells the future’ for ‘prophet.’ This is not always a recommended usage, particularly if such expressions denote certain special native practices of spirit contact and control. It is true, of course, that prophets of the Bible did foretell the future, but this was not always their principal function. One essential significance of the Greek word prophētēs is ‘one who speaks forth,’ principally, of course, as a forth-teller of the Divine will. A translation such as ‘spokesman for God’ may often be employed profitably.” (1947, p. 234f.)

Following is a list of (back-) translations from other languages (click or tap for details):

  • San Blas Kuna: “one who speaks the voice of God”
  • Central Pame and Vai: “interpreter for God”
  • Kaqchikel, Navajo (Dinė), Yaka: “one who speaks for God”
  • Northern Grebo: “God’s town crier” (see more about this below)
  • Sapo: “God’s sent-word person”
  • Shipibo-Conibo, Ngäbere: “one who speaks God’s word”
  • Copainalá Zoque: “one who speaks-opens” (a compound meaning “one who discloses or reveals”)
  • Sierra Totonac: “one who causes them to know” (in the sense of “revealer”)
  • Batak Toba: “foreteller” (this and all the above acc. to Nida 1961, p. 7)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “one who is inspired of God” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Alekano: “the true man who descended from heaven” (source: Ellis Deibler in Notes on Translation June 1986, p. 36ff.)
  • Aguaruna: “teller of God’s word” (source: M. Larson / B. Moore in Notes on Translation February 1970, p. 1-125)
  • Ekari: “person who speaks under divine impulse”
  • Mandarin Chinese: 先知 xiānzhī — “one who foreknows” (or the 1946/1970 translation by Lü Zhenzhong: 神言人 shényánrén — “divine-word-man”)
  • Uab Meto: “holy spokesman” (source for this and two above: Reiling / Swellengrebel)
  • Kouya: Lagɔɔ gbʋgbanyɔ — “the one who seeks God’s affairs” (source: Saunders, p. 269)
  • Kafa: “decide for God only” (source: Loren Bliese)
  • Martu Wangka: “sit true to God’s talk” (source: Carl Gross)
  • Eastern Highland Otomi: “word passer” (source: John Beekman in Notes on Translation November 1964, p. 1-22)
  • Obolo: ebi nriran: “one with power of divine revelation” (source: Enene Enene)
  • Mairasi: nonondoai nyan: “message proclaimer” (source: Enggavoter 2004)
  • Highland Totonac: “speaker on God’s behalf”
  • Central Tarahumara: “God’s preacher” (source for this and above: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)
  • Coatlán Mixe: “God’s word-thrower”
  • Ayutla Mixtec: “one who talks as God’s representative”
  • Isthmus Mixe: “speaker for God” (source for this and two above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)
  • Mezquital Otomi / Paasaal: “God’s messenger” (source: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff. and Fabian N. Dapila in The Bible Translator 2024, p. 415ff.)
  • Noongar: Warda Marridjiny or “News Traveling” (source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Kutu: mtula ndagu or “one who gives the prediction of the past and the future” (Source: Pioneer Bible Translators, project-specific translation notes in Paratext)
  • Ebira: ọnịsẹ, a neologism that combines the prefix ọn for “a person” with ịsẹ for “prediction” (source: Scholz /Scholz 2015, p. 49)
  • French 1985 translation by Chouraqui: inspiré or “inspired one” (“someone in whom God has breathed [Latin: in + spiro]) (source: Watson 2023, p. 45)
  • Cherokee: adolehosgi (ᎠᏙᎴᎰᏍᎩ) or “discoverer of things,” a “term that was was traditionally applied to Cherokee medicine men or women who used divining.” (Source: Bender / Belt 2025, p. 49)

In Ixcatlán Mazatec a term is used that specifically includes women. (Source: Robert Bascom)

About the translation into Northern Grebo:

“In some instances these spiritual terms result from adaptations reflecting the native life and culture. Among the Northern Grebo people of Liberia, a missionary wanted some adequate term for ‘prophet,’ and she was fully aware that the native word for ‘soothsayer’ or ‘diviner’ was no equivalent for the Biblical prophet who spoke forth for God. Of course, much of what the prophets said referred to the future, and though this was an essential part of much of their ministry, it was by no means all. The right word for the Gbeapo people would have to include something which would not only mean the foretelling of important events but the proclamation of truth as God’s representative among the people. At last the right word came; it was ‘God’s town-crier.’ Every morning and evening the official representative of the chief goes through the village crying out the news, delivering the orders of the chief, and announcing important coming events. ‘God’s town-crier’ would be the official representative of God, announcing to the people God’s doings, His commands, and His pronouncements for their salvation and well-being. For the Northern Grebo people the prophet is no weird person from forgotten times; he is as real as the human, moving message of the plowman Amos, who became God’s town-crier to a calloused people.” (source: Nida 1952, p. 20)

In American Sign Language it is a person who sees into the future:


“Prophet” in American Sign Language (source )

In British Sign Language it is is translated with a sign that depicts a message coming from God to a person (the upright finger) and then being passed on to others. (Source: Anna Smith)


“Prophet” in British Sign Language (source: Christian BSL, used with permission)

See also prophesy and prophesy / prophetic frenzy.

Learn more on Bible Odyssey: How to Recognize a Biblical Prophet .

See also seer.

complete verse (Habakkuk 2:1)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Habakkuk 2:1:

  • Kupsabiny: “I shall go and stand where one can see far and I shall be waiting for what God will say to me. I shall listen to the words that he will answer about my complaints.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “I will stand at my watchtower,
    standing myself on the wall.
    I will look to see what He will say to me.
    I am looking to see what answer he is giving to this complaint.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Then Habakuk said, I will-go-up to the tower, in my look-out, and I will-wait what the LORD will-say to me and what is his answer to my complaint.’” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “I will go to the high place-where- the guards -stay so-that I will wait-for whatever God will say and his answer to my prayer.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)

Honorary "rare" construct denoting God ("speak")

Click or tap here to see the rest of this insight.

Like a number of other East Asian languages, Japanese uses a complex system of honorifics, i.e. a system where a number of different levels of politeness are expressed in language via words, word forms or grammatical constructs. These can range from addressing someone or referring to someone with contempt (very informal) to expressing the highest level of reference (as used in addressing or referring to God) or any number of levels in-between.

One way Japanese shows different degree of politeness is through the usage of an honorific construction where the morpheme rare (られ) is affixed on the verb as shown here in the widely-used Japanese Shinkaiyaku (新改訳) Bible of 2017. This is particularly done with verbs that have God as the agent to show a deep sense of reverence. Here, kata-rare-ru (語られる) or “speak” is used.

(Source: S. E. Doi, see also S. E. Doi in Journal of Translation, 18/2022, p. 37ff. )

Translation commentary on Habakkuk 2:1

The verse falls into two halves, each of which contains two statements which are parallel with each other. In the first half the two statements are I will take my stand to watch and station myself on the tower. Since the two parts are practically the same in meaning, Good News Translation combines them into one as “I will climb my watchtower.” Many translators will wish to follow this example. In saying “my watchtower” rather than the tower, Good News Translation is following the Dead Sea Scroll text (compare Bible en français courant, Die Bibel im heutigen Deutsch). The picture given is of a watchman climbing a tower in order to see a long way (compare 2 Sam 18.24; 2 Kgs 9.17). The prophets are often compared with watchmen elsewhere in the Old Testament (compare Isa 21.6-12; Jer 6.17; Ezek 3.17; 33.7; Micah 7.4). “My watchtower” may also be rendered as “the tower which I watch from” or “my look-out point.” It is just possible that, in speaking of a watchtower, Habakkuk is speaking symbolically of waiting for a vision from God. However, it seems much more likely that he is speaking of a real watchtower (perhaps in a vineyard as in Isa 5.2; Mark 12.1), where he went to meditate.

In the second half of the verse, the parallelism is not quite as close in the Hebrew text. In the first statement Habakkuk says he will look forth to see what he (that is, the LORD) will say to me, but in the second statement he continues and what I (that is, the prophet himself) will answer concerning my complaint. My complaint refers to the questions raised by the prophet in 1.12-17. In the second statement the ancient Syriac translation has “what he [that is, the LORD] will answer.” The Syriac seems to be based on a Hebrew text which differs from the traditional text by only one letter. It gives a better parallelism and is followed by Jerusalem Bible, New American Bible, New Jerusalem Bible, Bible en français courant, and Die Bibel im heutigen Deutsch, as well as by Good News Translation, which has “what the LORD will tell me to say and what answer he will give to my complaint.” However, the traditional Hebrew text makes sense and is followed by New English Bible, New International Version, and Hebrew Old Testament Text Project. If the Hebrew text is followed, the idea is that the prophet will both wait for the LORD’s answer and try to think out the problem for himself. On the whole it seems unnecessary to depart from the Hebrew text. If translators decide to follow the Hebrew text here, but wish to structure the last sentence in a way similar to Good News Translation, they can say “… and what answer I will give to my complaint” or “… and how I will answer my criticism of the LORD.” If, however, translators follow Good News Translation‘s understanding of the text, one may say “… and how he will answer my criticism of him.”

Quoted with permission from Clark, David J. & Hatton, Howard A. A Handbook on the Book of Habakkuk. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 1989. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .

SIL Translator’s Notes on Habakkuk 2:1

2:1a I will stand at my guard post and station myself on the ramparts.

I will stand on the tower and guard.
-or-
I will climb up the tower and will stand/remain there like a guard.
-or-
I will stand where my duty is to guard on the city wall.

2:1b I will watch to see what He will say to me,

I will wait to hear what ⌊Yahweh⌋ will tell me,
-or-

⌊There⌋ I will carefully watch/listen for how ⌊Yahweh⌋ will answer me.

2:1c and how I should answer when corrected.

and how I can answer about my complaint.
-or-

⌊Then⌋ I will know how to answer my question.

© 2020 by SIL International®
Made available under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License (CC BY-SA) creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.
All Scripture quotations in this publication, unless otherwise indicated, are from The Holy Bible, Berean Standard Bible.
BSB is produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee.

Commentaire sur la traduction de Habaquq 2.1

2.1

Ce verset présente le prophète comme une sentinelle ou un gardien de ville. Habaquq exprime sa détermination à rester debout et à attendre la réponse du Seigneur. La première partie de ce verset est en forme de chiasme, une structure en hébreu qui souligne la force de ces propos.

Je tiendrai bon à mon poste de garde, je resterai debout sur les retranchements : ces lignes ont presque la même signification, mais leur structure en hébreu en forme de chiasme souligne la détermination du prophète :
CH1 sur mon poste de garde
CH2 je tiendrai bon
CH2 et je resterai debout
CH1 sur les retranchements

Je tiendrai bon à mon poste de garde : tiendrai bon rend le verbe générique hébreu « se tenir debout ». C’est le même verbe qui décrit Moïse se tenant debout devant le buisson ardent (Ex 3.5). Il exprime parfois aussi la détermination de tenir bon, par exemple en Nomb 1.5 : « Voici les noms des hommes qui se tiendront avec vous ». Dans ce contexte, l’action physique semble en vue. La Bible de Jérusalem propose « je vais me tenir » et la Nouvelle Bible Segond, « je vais me placer ». La Bible en français courant et la Parole de Vie expriment sa résolution à rester sur place : « Je vais/veux rester… »

à mon poste de garde : en hébreu, « sur mon poste de garde » est mis en relief au début de la phrase. poste de garde est un seul mot en hébreu, la forme nominalisée du verbe שמר šâmar, « garder ». C’est un verbe à plusieurs sens, mais ici il s’agit de garder la ville contre des attaques. Les sentinelles se mettaient sur la muraille qui entourait la ville pour voir l’ennemi de loin. Voir, par exemple, 2 Sam 18.24 ; 2 Rois 9.17. Les prophètes sont souvent comparés à des sentinelles dans l’Ancien Testament. Voir És 21.6-12 ; Jér 6.17 ; Ézék 3.17 ; 33.7 ; Mich 7.4. En évoquant ce lieu d’observation, il est aussi possible que le prophète parle symboliquement de son attente d’une vision venant de Dieu.

je resterai debout sur les retranchements : le verbe ici est plus fort que celui de la première ligne. Il s’agit de « garder sa position » ou de « tenir ferme ». Il est souvent utilisé dans un contexte de guerre ou de bataille.

retranchements désigne le rempart, un mot au singulier en hébreu. Ce mot se rattache à une racine verbale qui veut dire « enfermer » ou « assiéger ». Ici il se réfère à un point stratégique sur les murs de défense qui entourent la ville. (Voir l’illustration : Retranchements|fig:Model of a watchtower.jpg.) Lorsqu’une ville est assiégée, c’est de cet endroit que la sentinelle prévient de l’arrivée des ennemis. On pourra parler d’une tour ou d’un « mur de défense ». La Bible de Jérusalem suit le manuscrit de la Mer Morte qui dit « mon rempart ».

Comme les deux premières lignes ont à peu près le même sens, certaines versions modernes les combinent en une seule proposition : « Je vais monter sur ma tour de garde et attendre de voir… » Mais comme la deuxième ligne est plus forte que la première, il vaut mieux garder les deux lignes. On pourra dire :
Je vais me mettre debout sur le mur.
Je vais rester là sans bouger.

En haut sur la tour, je me tiendrai debout.
De ma place sur le mur, je ne bougerai pas.

Je guetterai pour voir ce qu’il dira contre moi, et ce que je répondrai au rappel à l’ordre : ces lignes sont parallèles d’un point de vue grammatical, même si dans la deuxième ligne, il s’agit d’une ellipse :
Je guetterai pour voir ce-que il va-dire à-moi
…et ce-que je vais-répondre sur (à) ma plainte

Je guetterai rend un verbe qui veut dire « veiller », et qui décrit l’activité des sentinelles. On voit le prophète sur le rempart de la ville, guettant ou scrutant l’horizon pour voir s’il y a un danger quelconque.

pour voir ce qu’il dira contre moi : on imagine une vraie sentinelle en train de surveiller l’horizon lorsque, tout d’un coup, l’image change. Au lieu de guetter l’horizon pour voir un mouvement de l’ennemi, le prophète Habaquq attend pour voir ce que le Seigneur va lui dire.

il désigne le Seigneur Dieu. La Bible en français courant et la Parole de Vie rendent cela explicite en disant : « pour savoir ce que Dieu me dira ».

Le verbe hébreu dire dérive de la racine דבר d-b-r, qui est aussi à la base du mot « parole ». Selon la Traduction œcuménique de la Bible, Dieu va dire un mot contre Habaquq, mais la préposition utilisée ici est ambiguë. Elle peut vouloir dire contre, mais peut aussi signifier « à ». La plupart des versions françaises optent pour ce dernier sens et disent « ce qu’il me dira ».

et ce que je répondrai au rappel à l’ordre : le texte traditionnel hébreu dit ce que je répondrai. Selon cette formulation, c’est Habaquq qui parle de lui-même. Mais la version syriaque a la marque d’une 3e personne du singulier : « il répondra ». Les deux formes verbales je répondrai et « il répondra » diffèrent par une seule lettre en hébreu. La forme de la version syriaque présente un parallélisme plus logique que le texte traditionnel. Ainsi, elle est suivie par beaucoup de versions modernes en français et dans d’autres langues (Bible de Jérusalem, La Bible Pléiade, Bible en français courant, Parole de Vie, Osty-Trinquet, Good News Bible, Die Gute Nachricht). Le texte massorétique semble peu logique, mais est retenu par la Traduction œcuménique de la Bible et la La Bible du Semeur : « ce que je répondrai à ma protestation ».

rappel à l’ordre : cette expression pose aussi problème pour le traducteur, parce que les versions lui prêtent des sens différents. Le texte littéral dit « ma réprimande » (Osty-Trinquet), dans le sens de « ce qui m’est reproché » (Bayard). Mais l’expression peut aussi avoir un sens presque opposé : « mes doléances » (Segond Révisée, Nouvelle Bible Segond), « ma doléance » (Bible de Jérusalem), « ma protestation » ou même « mes plaintes » (Bible en français courant, Parole de Vie). Suivant cette dernière interprétation, le prophète semble être en train de faire des reproches au Seigneur. Il est aussi possible que le prophète soit en train de s’expliquer au Seigneur, en attendant que celui-ci lui réponde. Les traducteurs devraient choisir l’interprétation qui les convainc, mais quel que soit leur choix, il sera bon de signaler l’autre possibilité dans une note.

Source: Ellington, John; Margot, Jean-Claude & Zogbo, Lynell. Habaquq – Manuel de traduction – Commentaire linguistique et exégétique de la Bible. Alliance biblique universelle, 2013.