Language-specific Insights

uneducated and ordinary men

The Greek in Acts 4:13 that is translated as “uneducated and ordinary men” or similar in English is translated in the following ways:

  • Lalana Chinantec: “people who were not learned, humble people
  • Morelos Nahuatl: “hadn’t studied a lot but were like anybody”
  • Chichimeca-Jonaz: “had not studied long in school, truly ordinary people, that is not officials”
  • Chuj: “they had never studied, they were plain people”
  • Teutila Cuicatec: “were not from important families and didn’t know paper (= didn’t have education)”
  • Totontepec Mixe: “they talked like people who plow” (source for this and above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)
  • Mairasi: “bees’ wax [i.e., ignorant], unschooled men” (source: Enggavoter 2004)
  • German New Testament translation by Berger / Nord (publ. 1999): “can neither read nor write nor have they have received any official schooling”

our own native language

The Greek in Acts 2:8 that is translated as “our own native language” or similar in English is translated as “the language we know when we were children” in Eastern Highland Otomi, “as we talk from when we were born” in Morelos Nahuatl, “the Chinantec we have spoken since we were small” in Lalana Chinantec, and “language we began to understand when still a baby” in Chichimeca-Jonaz. (Source: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)

See also complete verse (Acts 2:8).

after my heart

The Greek and Hebrew that is translated as “(man) after my (or: his) heart” in English is translated in a number of ways:

  • Teutila Cuicatec. “(a man who) respects what I want”
  • Eastern Highland Otomi: “whom I look well on”
  • Chichimeca-Jonaz: “who pleases my heart”
  • Xicotepec De Juárez Totonac: “thinks like I do”
  • Tzotzil: “with his heart the same as mine (we think the same way)”
  • Isthmus Mixe: “his heart and mine meet together”
  • Morelos Nahuatl: “a good man whom I like”
  • Shipibo-Conibo: “does what I desire in my heart” (source: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)
  • Kupsabiny: “a person my stomach loves” (source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “a man who follows my mind (lit. interior)” (source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Mairasi: “one who has My throat and makes My liver good” (source: Enggavoter 2004)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “I am very pleased with his customs” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “his ways/nature really please me for they are really in harmony with my ways” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

beautiful before God

The Greek in Acts 7:20 that is translated as “beautiful before God” in English is translated in the following ways:

tent of testimony

The Greek in Acts 7:44 that is translated as “tent of testimony” or similar in English is translated as

  • “a leather house which they could pack up again, where they remembered God” in Lalana Chinantec
  • “cloth house where they worshiped God” in Eastern Highland Otomi
  • “cloth house where God spoke to the people” in Chichimeca-Jonaz
  • “house of God where they kept the stones on which were written the commandments of God” in Morelos Nahuatl
  • “small holy house which was of the skins of animals, in it were the stones which contained the ten commandments” in San Mateo del Mar Huave
  • “church inside which the slates on which God’s law was written were kept” in Teutila Cuicatec (source for this and above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)
  • “Tent of meeting God” in Nigerian Fulfulde (source: Andy Warren-Rothlin)
  • “the tent of the testimony showing that God is present” in Elhomwe (source: project-specific translation notes in Paratext)
  • “God’s shelter together with the box of the law which confirmed his talk” in Bariai (source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • “Great Above One’s Cloth House” in Mairiasi (source: Enggavoter 2004)

See also tabernacle (noun) and tent of meeting.

your blood be on your own heads

The Hebrew and Greek that is often translated as “your blood be on your own heads” or similar in English is translated as

  • “you have the guilt if you don’t receive eternal life” in Highland Popoluca
  • “you are to blame if you lose your own souls” in Coatlán Mixe
  • “you will be to blame yourselves when you do not go to a good place” in Isthmus Mixe
  • “you will be lost but you are at fault yourselves” in Morelos Nahuatl
  • “you are the ones who are guilty that you will be lost” in Lalana Chinantec (source for this and above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)
  • “if you die in your bad deeds, it’s your own bad fault” in Bariai (source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • “let your own blood alone eat you” in Kupsabiny (source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • “You have killed yourselves with your own heart” in Chichewa (source: Wendland 1987, p. 28)
  • “your blood will be to you” (existing idiom) in Kwere (source: Pioneer Bible Translators, project-specific translation notes in Paratext)

captain of the temple

The Greek that is often translated as “captain of the temple” in English is translated in the following ways:

  • Desano: “captain of the temple chief of the persons who guard the big temple”
  • Eastern Highland Otomi: “boss of the big church of the Jews”
  • Chuj: “chief of the guards of God’s house”
  • Isthmus Mixe: “church building leader”
  • Lalana Chinantec: “boss of the soldiers of the church
  • Ayutla Mixtec: “he who is over the soldiers of the temple”
  • Morelos Nahuatl: “the chief of police of the big church” (source for this and above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)