The Greek, Hebrew, Aramaic, and Latin that is translated as a form of “save” in English is translated in Shipibo-Conibo with a phrase that means literally “make to live,” which combines the meaning of “to rescue” and “to deliver from danger,” but also the concept of “to heal” or “restore to health.”
In San Blas Kuna it is rendered as “help the heart,” in Laka, it is “take by the hand” in the meaning of “rescue” or “deliver,” in Huautla Mazatec the back-translation of the employed term is “lift out on behalf of,” in Anuak, it is “have life because of,” in Central Mazahua “be healed in the heart,” in Baoulé “save one’s head” (meaning to rescue a person in the fullest sense), in Guerrero Amuzgo “come out well,” in Northwestern Dinka “be helped as to his breath” (or “life”) (source: Bratcher / Nida), in Matumbi as “rescue (from danger)” (source: Pioneer Bible Translators, project-specific notes in Paratext), and in Noongarbarrang-ngandabat or “hold life” (source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang).
Retrotraducciones en español (haga clic o pulse aquí)
Jesús y los discípulos estaban caminando y los discípulos dijeron: “Meastro ve el templo, qué tan grande son las piedras, ¡huy, es maravilloso!”
Jesús (dijo): “¡¿Ver qué tan grande es el templo?! Les advierto, en el futuro el templo se caerá y será destruido.”
El grupo siguió caminando y después en el Monte de los olivos Jesús se sentó a ver el templo que estaba enfrente. Cuando Pedro, Jacobo, Juan y Andrés vieron que no había otra gente fueron a él.
Dijeron: “Jesús, lo que explicaste ahorita ¿cuándo vendrá por cierto? ¿Cómo lo descubrimos?”
Jesús (dijo): “Mira, les explico, en el futuro uds oirán que ya ha venido una guerro y personas les advertirán que haya otra guerra, pero uds no se asusten, todavía no se acaba el mundo.
Mira, en el futuro en diferentes lugares del mundo habrá guerras y terremotos fuertes y hambre
y también habrá personas falsas que hablan disimulando: ‘Yo soy Jesúcristo’ y engañaran a la gente, muchas personas lo creerán: ¿de veras, de veras? y caerán en el engaño.
Cuidado, uds se alejen, estas cinco cosas son el comienzo del sufrimiento pero todavía no se acaba el mundo.
Es necesario que primero el evangelio será predicado y anunciado en diferentes idiomas y esparcido por el mundo.
Les advierto, tengan cuidado. En el futuro otras personas los agarrarán y los llevarán al juez y también en las sinagogas las personas los maltratarán y azotarán y cuando terminen los llevarán ante el gobierno o el rey porque uds creen en mi, Jesús. Uds cuentenles su testimonio.
Oigan, cuando las personas los arresten no se preocupen imaginando: ‘¿Qué voy a decir ante el juez?’ No se preocupen, el espíritu santo les ayudará suficiente para que uds puedan contarles.
Les advierto: en el futuro un hermano verá que su hermano cree en Jesús y lo entregará y matarán a su hermano, un papá verá que su hijo cree en Jesús y lo entregará y su hijo será matado, y habrá hijos que verán que sus padres creen en Jesús y estarán en contra y matarán sus padres.
Les advierto personas en todo el mundo les odiarán porque uds creen en mi, Jesús, pero si uds son fieles hasta la muerta serán salvados.”
Marcos escribió: “Uds necesitan leerlo y entenderlo.”
Jesus and the disciples were walking and the disciples said: “Teacher, look at the temple, how big its stones are, wow it’s wonderful!”
Jesus (said): “Look at how big the temple is?! I warn you, in the future the temple will fall down and be destroyed.”
The group continued walking and afterwards on the Mount of olives Jesus sat down opposite the temple to see it. When Peter, James, John and Andrew saw that there were no people around, they went up to him.
They said: “Jesus, what you told us just now, when will that come true? How will we find out?”
Jesus (said): “Look, I’ll explain it to you, in the future you will hear that a war has come and people will warn you that there is another war, but do not be frightened, it is not the end of the world yet.
“Look, in the future there will be wars in different parts of the world and strong earthquakes and hunger band there will also be false people who will talk pretending: ‘I am Jesus Christ’ and they will deceive the people and many people will believe it (they will go) ‘really, really?’ and they will fall for it.
“Be careful, stay away from them, these five things are the beginning of the suffering but it is not the end of the world yet.
“It is necessary that the gospel first be preached and announced in different languages and spread throughout the world.
“I warn you be careful. In the future other people will take hold of you and take you to the judge and also in the synagogues the people will mistreat you and whip you and when they are done they will take you before the government or the king because you believe in me, Jesus. Tell them your testimony.
“Listen, when people arrest you do not worry, imagining: ”What will I say before the judge?’ Don’t worry, the Holy Spirit will help you sufficiently so that you can tell them.
“I warn you, in the future a brother will see that his brother believed in Jesus, and he will hand him over and they will kill his brother, a father will see that his son believes in Jesus and he will hand him over and his son will be killed, and there will be some children who will see that their parents believe in Jesus and they will be against them and kill their parents.
“I warn you that people in the whole world will hate you because you believe in me, Jesus, but if you are faithful until death, you will be saved.”
Mark wrote: “You need to read it and understand it.”
Jesus and his disciples left the Temple. One of the disciples looked at the Temple, admired it, and said:
— Teacher, look at this Temple! It’s big, beautiful, the stones are so strong!
Jesus answered:
— Yes, the Temple is large and beautiful, but the time will come when it will be completely destroyed, not a single stone will remain intact.
Jesus went up to the Mount of Olives. The Temple was clearly visible from the Mount of Olives. Only four disciples were with Jesus: Peter, James, John, Andrew. The disciples began to ask Jesus:
— Tell us, what will be the sign that the Temple will soon be destroyed?
Jesus answered them:
— First, many people will say: “God sent me, I am Christ.” Many will teach this. But they are liars. Many people will listen to them and believe them. But you, beware! Do not believe them!
Secondly, rumors will spread that wars are happening in different places, that one kingdom is going to war against another.
Thirdly, earthquakes will occur here and there throughout the earth. Fourthly, there will be famine and various troubles throughout the earth. But do not be afraid when you look at all this, do not think that this is the end of the world. All these events are signs to be prepared. This is only the beginning of great suffering. It is like, for example, a woman, when it is time for her to give birth, she has contractions before labor. Be prepared for different people to grab you and take you to court. There, in the house of judgment, they will beat you. They will grab you and lead you before the rulers, so that you proclaim me, Jesus Christ, there. But first, all the peoples of the earth will know the Good News about me.
When you are brought to trial, do not worry about how to speak. The Spirit that is in you will explain it to you.
I also tell you that one brother will be angry with another brother because he believed in me, and he will kill him. Likewise, parents will be angry with their own children who believed in Christ, they will be angry with them and kill them. Also, children will be angry and will kill their own parents who believed in Jesus. People will hate you because you believed in Jesus.
But a person who stands firm and follows Christ, despite all the difficulties, God will save such a person and grant him eternal life.
Original Russian back-translation (click or tap here):
Иисус вместе с учениками вышел из Храма. Один из учеников смотрел на Храм, восхищался и сказал:
— Учитель, смотри какой Храм! Большой, красивый, камни такие крепкие!
Иисус ответил:
— Да, Храм большой красивый, но придет время, когда он будет полностью разрушен, ни одного камня целого не останется.
Иисус поднялся на Масличную гору. Прямо с Масличной горы хорошо был виден Храм. С Иисусом были только четверо учеников — Петр, Иаков, Иоанн, Андрей. Ученики стали спрашивать Иисуса:
— Подскажи нам, как будет знамение, что Храм скоро разрушится?
Иисус им ответил:
— Во-первых, многие люди станут говорить: «это меня послал Бог, я — Христос». Многие стану так учить. Но они — лжецы. Многие люди их послушают и поверят. Но вы же, берегитесь! Не верьте им!
В-вторых, будут распространяться слухи, что в разных местах происходят войны, что одно царство идет войной на другое.
В-третьих, по всей земле то тут, то там будут происходить землетрясения. В-четвертых, по всей земле будет голод и разные беды. Но вы, глядя на все это, не бойтесь, не думайте, что это конец мира. Эти все события — знамения, чтобы быть готовым. Это лишь начало великих страданий. Это как, например, женщина, когда ей пришло время родить, перед родами у нее схватки. Будьте готовы, что разные люди будут хватать вас и вести на суд. Там, в доме суда, вас будут бить. Будут вас хватать и вести пред лицо правителей, чтобы вы там возвещали обо мне, Иисусе Христе. Но сначала все народы земли узнают обо мне Радостную Весть.
Когда вас поведут на суд, не беспокойтесь, как говорить. Дух, который будет в вас, он объяснит вам.
Еще говорю вам, что один брат, будет гневаться на другого брата за то, что тот поверил мне, и убьет его. Так же и родители, будут гневаться на собственных детей, которые поверили в Христа, будут гневаться на них и убивать. Также дети будут гневаться и будут убивать собственных родителей, которые поверили в Иисус. Люди будут ненавидеть вас, по причине того что вы уверовали в Иисуса.
Но человек, который твердо стоит и идет за Христом, несмотря на все трудности, такого человека Бог спасет и одарит его вечной жизнью.
Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 13:13:
Uma: “‘The time will come that all people will hate you because of your following me. There will be some people who will give their own relatives or children to be killed because of their following me. There will also be some children who oppose their parents and kill them. But the people who keep believing in me until the end, they will get goodness [i.e., salvation] in the future.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “And you my disciples,’ said Isa, ‘you will be hated by all people because you follow me. But whoever endures until the end of this persecution, will have life in heaven without end.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Everybody will be against you because you are my disciples. But he who grasps tightly his faith in me until the end of those troubles, he will be given eternal life.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “All people, they will hate you on-account-of your being-united-with me. But if you persevere in believing without giving-up until your time-of-hardship is finished, you will be saved.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “You really will be hated by all people because of your belief in me. But whoever holds-fast in believing/obeying until the end is reached, it’s certain he will be saved/freed.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Like many languages (but unlike Greek or Hebrew or English), Tuvan uses a formal vs. informal 2nd person pronoun (a familiar vs. a respectful “you”). Unlike other languages that have this feature, however, the translators of the Tuvan Bible have attempted to be very consistent in using the different forms of address in every case a 2nd person pronoun has to be used in the translation of the biblical text.
As Voinov shows in Pronominal Theology in Translating the Gospels (in: The Bible Translator2002, p. 210ff. ), the choice to use either of the pronouns many times involved theological judgment. While the formal pronoun can signal personal distance or a social/power distance between the speaker and addressee, the informal pronoun can indicate familiarity or social/power equality between speaker and addressee.
Here, Jesus is addressing his disciples, individuals and/or crowds with the formal pronoun, showing respect.
In most Dutch translations, Jesus addresses his disciples and common people with the informal pronoun, whereas they address him with the formal form.
Click or tap here to see the rest of this insight.
Like a number of other East Asian languages, Japanese uses a complex system of honorifics, i.e. a system where a number of different levels of politeness are expressed in language via words, word forms or grammatical constructs. These can range from addressing someone or referring to someone with contempt (very informal) to expressing the highest level of reference (as used in addressing or referring to God) or any number of levels in-between.
One way Japanese shows different degree of politeness is through the choice of a formal plural suffix to the second person pronoun (“you” and its various forms) as shown here in the widely-used Japanese Shinkaiyaku (新改訳) Bible of 2017. In these verses, anata-gata (あなたがた) is used, combining the second person pronoun anata and the plural suffix -gata to create a formal plural pronoun (“you” [plural] in English).
Click or tap here to see the rest of this insight.
Like a number of other East Asian languages, Japanese uses a complex system of honorifics, i.e. a system where a number of different levels of politeness are expressed in language via words, word forms or grammatical constructs. These can range from addressing someone or referring to someone with contempt (very informal) to expressing the highest level of reference (as used in addressing or referring to God) or any number of levels in-between. One way Japanese shows different degree of politeness is through the choice of a first person singular and plural pronoun (“I” and “we” and its various forms) as shown here in the widely-used Japanese Shinkaiyaku (新改訳) Bible of 2017. The most commonly used watashi/watakushi (私) is typically used when the speaker is humble and asking for help. In these verses, where God / Jesus is referring to himself, watashi is also used but instead of the kanji writing system (私) the syllabary hiragana (わたし) is used to distinguish God from others. (Source: S. E. Doi, see also S. E. Doi in Journal of Translation, 18/2022, p. 37ff. )
misoumenoi (only here in Mark) ‘hated,’ ‘detested.’
dia to onoma mou ‘because of my name,’ i.e. ‘on account of me’ (cf. v. 9). ‘Because you bear my name’ (Goodspeed); ‘because of your allegiance to me’ (Manson); ‘because you are called by my name’ (The Modern Speech New Testament).
ho … hupomeinas (only here in Mark) ‘he who endures,’ ‘he who perseveres,’ ‘he who remains firm.’
eis telos ‘to the end,’ ‘until the end’: either in a general sense, ‘until the persecution and hatred are ended,’ or, in a special sense, ‘until one’s life is ended.’ The context would seem to favor the second alternative. Swete and Taylor take it adverbially, ‘finally,’ ‘completely.’
sōthēsetai (cf. 3.4) ‘shall be saved’ in the theological sense.
Translation:
You will be hated by all is easily shifted to the active when necessary, e.g. ‘all people will hate you.’
To the end must generally be made somewhat more specific, e.g. ‘to the end of his life.’
Endures is equivalent in some languages to ‘has patience’ or ‘bears the suffering.’
For save see 10.26, but where a subject is required for active, transitive verbs, ‘God’ may be used, e.g. ‘God will save him.’
Quoted with permission from Bratcher, Robert G. and Nida, Eugene A. A Handbook on the Gospel of Mark. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1961. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .
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