Language-specific Insights

whitewashed wall

The Greek in Acts 23:3 that is translated in English as “(you) whitewashed wall” is translated in a number of ways:

  • Lalana Chinantec: “you are like a masonry wall on which they have put white paint. It is no longer evident what it is like inside.” (Source: John Beekman in Notes on Translation, March 1965, p. 2ff.)
  • Bariai: “a disintegrating wall and yet they applied paint to it so that it merely looks good” (source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Xicotepec De Juárez Totonac: “deceiver”
  • Eastern Highland Otomi: “you talk up above (not from the heart)”
  • Morelos Nahuatl: “you change words (you are a hypocrite)”
  • Mezquital Otomi: “you two faced person”
  • Rincón Zapotec: “you who make your face broad” (source for this and four above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)
  • Dan: “whitewashed tomb” (to highlight the hypocrisy) (Source: Don Slager)
  • Mairasi: “you bad person and you liar trying to be like a clean person” (source: Enggavoter 2004)

See also complete verse (Acts 23:3) and complete verse (Matthew 23:37).

eternal life

The Greek and Ge’ez that is translated in English as “eternal life” is translated in various ways:

Lloyd Peckham explains the Mairasi translation: “In secret stories, not knowable to women nor children, there was a magical fruit of life. If referred to vaguely, without specifying the specific ‘fruit,’ it can be an expression for eternity.”

See also eternity / forever and salvation.

Learn more on Bible Odyssey: Eternal Life in John .

unleavened bread

The Hebrew and Greek that is translated as “unleavened bread” in English is translated in various ways:

  • Chichimeca-Jonaz: “bread that doesn’t have its medicine that makes it puff up”
  • Teutila Cuicatec: “bread without its sour”
  • Tepeuxila Cuicatec: “bread that has no mother” (source for this and above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)
  • Mairasi: “bread without other ingredient” (source: Enggavoter 2004)
  • Chichewa: “non-puffed-up bread”
  • Chitonga: “bread without fermented grain” (source for this and above: de Regt / Wendland 2016)
  • Hiligaynon: “bread that has-none of that-which-causes-to-expand” (source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Tatar: “unleavened flat cakes” (source: Lénart de Regt in The Bible Translator 2017, p. 131ff. )
  • Nkumbi / Mbangala / Songo: “bread that has gone no yeast” — “this is an application of a common construction in Angolan Bantu languages for speaking about the ingredients in some foods: ‘there is salt in the soup’ is rendered literally, ‘the soup has gone salt.’ (Source: Riikka Halme-Berneking in The Bible Translator 2014, p. 353ff. )

covetousness, greed

The Greek and Ge’ez that is translated in English as “greed” or “covetousness” (or “avarice”) is translated in these ways:

  • Zande: “having a big heart for everything” (source: Jan Sterk)
  • Akan: “close-fisted” (pɛpɛe) (source: J.E.T. Kuwornu- Adjaottor)
  • Tzeltal: “small-hearted”
  • Yucateco “desiring what other have”
  • Shipibo-Conibo; “going crazy for things” (source and two above: Nida 1952, p. 133f.)
  • Bariai: “rotten intestines” (source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Mairasi: “desiring peoples’ things” (source: Enggavoter 2004)

See also covet, extortioner / swindler, all who are greedy for gain, one who is greedy..

together / with one accord

The Greek that is translated as “together” or “with one accord” in English is translated in Yamba and Bulu as “(with) one heart.” (Source: W. Reyburn in The Bible Translator 1959, p. 1ff. )

In Enlhet it is translated as “their innermosts did not go past each other.” “Innermost” or valhoc is a term that is frequently used in Enlhet to describe a large variety of emotions (for other examples see here). (Source: Jacob Loewen in The Bible Translator 1969, p. 24ff. )

Following are some other translations:

See also Seat of the Mind / Seat of Emotions.

distracted by all the preparations

The Greek in Luke 10:40 that is translated as something like “(Martha) was distracted by all the preparations” is translated by other languages as:

  • “all kinds of work to do had gone to Martha’s heart” (Tzeltal)
  • “Martha was wearing-herself-out how/the-way her feeding them” (Tboli)
  • “because much work fell to Martha, her agitation flew/flared-up” (Marathi)
  • “Martha’s mind was stirred up with excess of service” (Zarma)
  • “she danced to and fro in serving” (Uab Meto)
  • “much work overwhelmed Martha” (Sranan Tongo) (source for all above: Reiling / Swellengrebel)
  • “her face kept on getting turned with her work inside the house” (Mairasi) (source: Enggavoter 2004)
  • “she was alone in the kitchen because she was making food for them, and there were many problems that she had with what she was doing” (Western Bukidnon Manobo) (source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • “Marta’s eye was here and there with the doing of tasks” (Bariai) (source: Bariai Back Translation)

go in peace

The Hebrew, Ge’ez, and Greek that is translated as “go in peace” into English is an idiomatic expression of farewell which is translatable in other languages as an idiomatic expression as well:

  • “go with sweet insides” (Shilluk)
  • “rejoice as you go” (Central Mazahua)
  • “go in quietness of heart” (Chol)
  • “go happy” (Highland Puebla Nahuatl)
  • “being happy, go” (Central Tarahumara)
  • “go and sit down in your heart” (Tzeltal) (source for this and five above: Bratcher / Nida)
  • “have a smooth interior and go” (Bariai) (source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • “Go with-your-liver-good” (Mairasi) (source Enggavoter 2004)

  • “Go home with goodness of your life” (Uma (source: Uma Back Translation)
  • “Go home now, and may your situation be good.” (Western Bukidnon Manobo) (source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • “Go with your mind at-peace” (tip_language language=”3135″]Kankanaey[/tip_language]) (source: Kankanaey Back Translation)

exchanged natural relations for unnatural

The Greek in Romans 1:26 that is translated as “exchanged natural relations for unnatural” or similar in English is translated as

  • “stop their work with men and begin to do wrong things with one another” in Hopi
  • “women no longer did as women do but rather knew each other” in Isthmus Zapotec
  • “changed their lives. They didn’t live with a man. Among themselves they sinned against each other” in Huehuetla Tepehua
  • “even the women, one with another, strangely doing evil” in Central Tarahumara
  • “lay down with other women as they should not do” in Yatzachi Zapotec (source for this and above: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)
  • “women no longer put their throat on [pay attention to; have affection for], with the result that they even women stimulate each other’s genitalia” in Mairasi (source: Enggavoter 2004)
  • “women became lesbian and exchanged the natural sexual relationships with unnatural ones” in he German New Testament translation by Berger / Nord (publ. 1999)
  • “women even left their husbands and married each other” in Kupsabiny (source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • See also complete verse (Romans 1:26).