Language-specific Insights

devout

The Greek that is often translated in English as “devout” (or “pious”) is translated in various ways:

  • Lalana Chinantec: “[people who] revere God”
  • Chichimeca-Jonaz: “[people who] obey and worship God”
  • Eastern Highland Otomi: “[people who] remember God”
  • San Mateo del Mar Huave: “worshipers of God”
  • Tzotzil: “[people who] are zealously doing what they think is God’s word”
  • Mezquital Otomi: “[people who] very much believe what they have been taught about God” (source for this and five above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)
  • Chichewa interconfessional translation, publ. 1999: “[people who] love God” (source: Wendland 1998, p. 90)
  • Uma: “[people who] submit to Lord God” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “very religious” (source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “[people who] are faithful in carrying out the commands of God” (source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “[people who] are serving God” (source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “[people who] are indeed devout-worshipers of God” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “[people who] respect God” (source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Kupsabiny: “[people who] have dedicated themselves to God” (source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • German: “God-fearing” (gottesfürchtig) or “pious” (fromm)
  • Low German translation by Johannes Jessen, publ. 1933, republ. 2006: “[people who] take their faith very seriously” (source for this and above: Zetzsche)
  • Hausa Common Language Bible: “owners of worshiping God” (source: Hausa Common Language Bible Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “godly” (source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)

See also righteous / righteousness.

census

The Greek and Hebrew that is typically translated as “census” in English is translated in these ways:

full of grace

The Greek in Acts 6:8 that is typically translated as “full of grace” in English is translated in the following ways:

See also complete verse (Acts 6:8).

after my heart

The Greek and Hebrew that is translated as “(man) after my (or: his) heart” in English is translated in a number of ways:

  • Teutila Cuicatec. “(a man who) respects what I want”
  • Eastern Highland Otomi: “whom I look well on”
  • Chichimeca-Jonaz: “who pleases my heart”
  • Xicotepec De Juárez Totonac: “thinks like I do”
  • Tzotzil: “with his heart the same as mine (we think the same way)”
  • Isthmus Mixe: “his heart and mine meet together”
  • Morelos Nahuatl: “a good man whom I like”
  • Shipibo-Conibo: “does what I desire in my heart” (source: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)
  • Kupsabiny: “a person my stomach loves” (source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “a man who follows my mind (lit. interior)” (source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Mairasi: “one who has My throat and makes My liver good” (source: Enggavoter 2004)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “I am very pleased with his customs” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “his ways/nature really please me for they are really in harmony with my ways” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

in the last days

The Greek in Acts 2:17 that is translated as “in the last days” in English is translated as

  • “there will be a day” (Eastern Highland Otomi)
  • “when the world is about to turn around” (Isthmus Mixe)
  • “when the time comes that the sky will soon perish” (Lalana Chinantec)
  • “when it will nearly be time for the world to come to an end” (Chichimeca-Jonaz)
  • “while the last day is near” (Tzotzil)
  • “close to when the end comes” (Huichol) (source for this and one above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)
  • “at the [time of] the end of the world (Uma) (source: Uma Back Translation)
  • “day later and very much later” (Bariai) (source: Bariai Back Translation)

beautiful before God

The Greek in Acts 7:20 that is translated as “beautiful before God” in English is translated in the following ways:

unleavened bread

The Hebrew and Greek that is translated as “unleavened bread” in English is translated in various ways:

  • Chichimeca-Jonaz: “bread that doesn’t have its medicine that makes it puff up”
  • Teutila Cuicatec: “bread without its sour”
  • Tepeuxila Cuicatec: “bread that has no mother” (source for this and above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)
  • Mairasi: “bread without other ingredient” (source: Enggavoter 2004)
  • Chichewa: “non-puffed-up bread”
  • Chitonga: “bread without fermented grain” (source for this and above: de Regt / Wendland 2016)
  • Hiligaynon: “bread that has-none of that-which-causes-to-expand” (source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)