Chichewachipongwe Mulungu. Chipwonge is used to refer to acts or derogatory remarks that dishonor another person. (Mulungu is the Chichewa word for “God.”) (Source: Mawu a Mulungu mu Chichewa Chalero Back Translation)
The term that is transliterated as “Paul” in English means “little.” (Source: Cornwall / Smith 1997 )
In American Sign Language it is translated with a sign that signifies the many letters he wrote. (Source: Ruth Anna Spooner, Ron Lawer)
“Paul” in American Sign Language, source: Deaf Harbor
In Spanish Sign Language it is translated with a sign depicting putting away a sword, referring to his conversion from a persecutor of Christians to a Christian leader. (Source: Steve Parkhurst)
In Hungarian Sign Language it is translated with a sign that is based on contemporary depictions and refers to the presumed baldness of the top of his head. The description originates from the 2nd-century apocryphal text titled Acts of Paul and Thecla , which represents the earliest and most detailed physical characterization of the apostle in Christian tradition (see also the icon below). (Source: Jenjelvi Biblia and HSL Bible Translation Group)
“Paul” in Hungarian Sign Language — note that only the first part refers to “Paul,” the second part refers to “apostle” (source )
Orthodox Icons are not drawings or creations of imagination. They are in fact writings of things not of this world. Icons can represent our Lord Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary, and the Saints. They can also represent the Holy Trinity, Angels, the Heavenly hosts, and even events. Orthodox icons, unlike Western pictures, change the perspective and form of the image so that it is not naturalistic. This is done so that we can look beyond appearances of the world, and instead look to the spiritual truth of the holy person or event. (Source )
The following is a contemporary stained glass window from the Messiah Episcopal Church in St. Paul, Minnesota by Peter Dohmen. Individual glass pieces were made in Germany in accordance with Dohmen’s design, using a technique first developed by Irish monks in the 9th and 10th centuries.
“This window is dedicated to St. Paul, the great apostle and missionary, for whom our city is named. At the top of the window is a ship which symbolizes the many missionary journeys of Paul — the Church is our ship, which carries us over the way of life. In the lower section we see Paul on the road to Damascus when he saw a great light and heard our Lord’s voice, which called him to discipleship.”
Stained glass is not just highly decorative, it’s a medium which has been used to express important religious messages for centuries. Literacy was not widespread in the medieval and Renaissance periods and the Church used stained glass and other artworks to teach the central beliefs of Christianity. In Gothic churches, the windows were filled with extensive narrative scenes in stained glass — like huge and colorful picture storybooks — in which worshipers could ‘read’ the stories of Christ and the saints and learn what was required for their religious salvation. (Source: Victoria and Albert Museum )
Click or tap here to see a short video clip about Paul (source: Bible Lands 2012)
Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 13:45:
Uma: “But when the Yahudi people saw how many people were gathered, they became jealous. That is why they disparaged Paulus and contradicted all that he said.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “But when some of the Yahudi saw the many people gathered, they were jealous and they contradicted what Paul said. They also insulted him.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “However, when the Jews saw the many people, they were jealous, and they scorned what Paul had to say, and they insulted him.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “But the Jews, when they saw the many people, their jealousy was excessive. Therefore they spoke-evil-of Pablo while-simultaneously they opposed/contradicted what he was saying.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “But as for the Jews, when they observed that very many had gathered who were not Jews, they became very jealous. Therefore, each thing Pablo said, they kept on disagreeing-violently and speaking-harshly.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Most translators understand Luke to be saying that the people insulted Paul; but others take this to mean that they spoke evil things against Christ, that is, “blasphemy” (Jerusalem Bible, Zürcher Bibel; and “abuse” of New American Bible). The Greek verb may have either sense.
They spoke against what Paul was saying is, in many languages, equivalent to “they said, What Paul was saying is a lie.” To render insulted him one may simply say “they spoke bad things about Paul.” The emphasis of this clause seems to be simply that they not only spoke about what Paul said but they also spoke about him personally.
Quoted with permission from Newman, Barclay M. and Nida, Eugene A. A Handbook on The Acts of the Apostles. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1972. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .
Living Water is produced for the Bible translation movement in association with Lutheran Bible Translators. Lyrics derived from the ESV® Bible (The Holy Bible, English Standard Version®).
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