the Beginning and the End

The Greek that is translated as “the Beginning and the End” in English is translated in the Swabian 2007 translation by Rudolf Paul as Åfang ond Ziel or “beginning and destination (or: “goal”).”

Alpha and Omega

The Greek that is translated as “the Alpha and the Omega” in English, referring to the first and the last letter of the Greek alphabet is translated in German as “das A und O.” Even though the German alphabet does not end with the letter O, “das A und O” has become an idiom, that — like the Greek — refers to the end and the beginning or the whole.

Languages that versions of “the Alpha and the Omega” have become an idiom with the same meaning include:

complete verse (Revelation 22:13)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 22:13:

  • Uma: “I am the First and the Last. I am the Beginning and the End.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “I am the first and I am the last. I am the beginning and I am the end.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “I am the Alpha and Omega, which is to say, the origin and the ending of everything,’ said Jesus.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “I am the one who is designated as Alfa and Omega, because I am the first and last. I also am the beginning-place and ending-place of everything.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Because I am the one who was first before all and I indeed will be at the very end. I am the one who created everything and under my authority is its conclusion/being-finished-with.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “The letter A until the letter Z are at the beginning and the end. But I already was living when all things began. And at the day all things are finished, I will continue living forever,’ he said.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

1st person pronoun referring to God (Japanese)

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Like a number of other East Asian languages, Japanese uses a complex system of honorifics, i.e. a system where a number of different levels of politeness are expressed in language via words, word forms or grammatical constructs. These can range from addressing someone or referring to someone with contempt (very informal) to expressing the highest level of reference (as used in addressing or referring to God) or any number of levels in-between.

One way Japanese shows different degree of politeness is through the choice of a first person singular and plural pronoun (“I” and “we” and its various forms) as shown here in the widely-used Japanese Shinkaiyaku (新改訳) Bible of 2017. The most commonly used watashi/watakushi (私) is typically used when the speaker is humble and asking for help. In these verses, where God / Jesus is referring to himself, watashi is also used but instead of the kanji writing system (私) the syllabary hiragana (わたし) is used to distinguish God from others.

(Source: S. E. Doi, see also S. E. Doi in Journal of Translation, 18/2022, p. 37ff. )

See also pronoun for “God”.

Translation commentary on Revelation 22:13

I am the Alpha and the Omega: see 1.8; 21.6; the first and the last: see 1.17; 2.8; the beginning and the end: see 21.6. All three phrases proclaim the same basic truth in three different ways.

Quoted with permission from Bratcher, Robert G. and Hatton, Howard A. A Handbook on The Revelation to John. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1993. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .

Sung version of Revelation 22

Living Water is produced for the Bible translation movement in association with Lutheran Bible Translators. Lyrics derived from the ESV® Bible (The Holy Bible, English Standard Version®).

For more information, see here .