The Greek that is translated in English as “brother” or “brother and sister” (in the sense of fellow believers), is translated with a specifically coined word in Kachin: “There are two terms for brother in Kachin. One is used to refer to a Christian brother. This term combines ‘older and younger brother.’ The other term is used specifically for addressing siblings. When one uses this term, one must specify if the older or younger person is involved. A parallel system exists for ‘sister’ as well. In [these verses], the term for ‘a Christian brother’ is used.” (Source: Gam Seng Shae)
In Matumbi is is translated as alongo aumini or “relative-believer.” (Source: Pioneer Bible Translators, project-specific notes in Paratext)
In Martu Wangka it is translated as “relative” (this is also the term that is used for “follower.”) (Source: Carl Gross)
In the German New Testament translation by Berger / Nord (publ. 1999) it is often translated as Mitchristen or “fellow Christians.”
See also brothers.
Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 10:28:
- Uma: “Don’t be afraid of people/mankind who want to kill you, because they do not have the power to punish you in hell. What you [should] be afraid of is God, because he has the power/authority to kill you, and he also has the power/authority to punish you in hell.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “Do not be afraid of those who can kill the body but as for the soul they certainly cannot kill. But him you should fear, God, for he can destroy in hell not only the body but also the soul.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Don’t be afraid of people. They can only kill your body. They can’t kill your soul. God is the one you should be afraid of, because he can kill body and even your soul by means of hell.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “Do not be afraid of those who kill only the body of a person but they are not capable of killing his spirit, but rather fear God. Because he is capable of punishing the body and also the spirit of people in hell.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tagbanwa: “Don’t fear a person who kills the body but can’t kill the soul. The one you really are to fear is God, he being the one who can destroy the soul and the body there in the fire which doesn’t die down.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
- Tenango Otomi: “Do not be afraid of those who want to kill you. Because when they have killed you then they can do nothing to your souls. Concerning God who has the power to finish off your bodies and also your souls there in hell, he it is whom you should fear.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
- German New Testament translation by Berger / Nord (publ. 1999): ” Do not be afraid of those who kill you physically but cannot kill your innermost being. But be afraid of God. For he can cause you to perish in hell, both outwardly and inwardly.”
Following are a number of back-translations of James 1:15:
- Uma: “If he follows the desires of his heart, in-the-end he will do sin. And if he continues to do sin, finally he will die and be separated from God.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “His greedy-desire gives him thoughts to do bad. As he keeps thinking (about it) finally he goes-through-with-it/proceeds-with-it and does that evil. So-then if a person is used-to doing evil the result is he will be put in hell.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And if he fulfills his desires, he sins. And the end of that person, if he keeps on doing wrong is death without end.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “If then he thinks about doing that-aforementioned-thing that he wants, that is the source of sin, and the outcome of a person’s sins, it is death and separation from God forever.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tagbanwa: “For as long as one’s own desire which is disgusting is indulged, the outcome is sin. And when sin has now been able to flesh-out/fruit, there is no other result of it than death which is unending punishment.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
- Tenango Otomi: “When a person does that evil which came to his mind, then it is sin. This person who is sinful, now must await punishment when he continues on sinning.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
- Guhu-Samane: “Then it overwhelms the man and the sin becomes reality, and in return the man encounters death.”
- Tzotzil: “If we let the coveting of our hearts grab its strength, thus we will seek our sin; if sin has grabbed its strength, we will be lost because of it.”
- Yatzachi Zapotec: “If we obey our evil hearts, we are doing evil; and if we continue doing evil the day will come when God will desert us.”
- Sayula Popoluca: “When that evil he wants stays in him, it gives room for sin to grow in him, and that sin when it grows big, then it kills him.” (Source for this and three above: Ellis Deibler in Notes on Translation July, 1967, p. 5ff.)
- German New Testament translation by Berger / Nord (publ. 1999): “The whole thing is then like twofold begetting and childbearing: A person’s instincts are like a womb that conceives the evil thought and gives birth to the evil deed. The evil deed, for its part, matures and grows, and gives birth to death.” (see also complete verse (James 1:18))
Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 10:15:
- Noongar: “‘Also you, Capernaum! You want to lift up yourself to Heaven, do you? You will be thrown down into Hell!'” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
- Uma: “‘And you also Kapernaum people! Do you think that God will lift you, make-you-high? No! He will just throw you away and punish you.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “And you, people of Kapernaum,’ said Isa, ‘is it that you mistakenly-think that you will be made-great/honored to above the sky? You will be put-down/humbled into hell.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And you also,’ said Jesus, ‘from Capernaum! You want everybody to praise you, but you will be thrown down to Hell.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “You also moreover from-Capernaum, do you actually think that you will be raised to heaven to be praised? You will most certainly be brought down to hell.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tagbanwa: “And as for you taga Capernaum, isn’t it so that it’s like your greatness/importance has reached right up to the sky/heaven? But well, you will just be dropped/thrown-down there to hardship which nothing can exceed.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
- German New Testament translation by Berger / Nord (publ. 1999): “And you, Capernaum, do you think your stellar career will lead you to heaven? Make no mistake, you will fall into the deepest hole.”
Following are a number of back-translations of 1 Corinthians 14:10:
- Uma: “In this world, there are ever so many languages, and every kind of language has meaning.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “There are many different languages in the world and all have meaning.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “There are many languages here on the earth and for each one of them there are people who understand it.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “It’s true that there are many kinds of languages on this earth and they all have meaning.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tagbanwa: “Probably there are very many different languages here under heaven, and as for each one, of course it has (it’s own) meaning.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
- Tenango Otomi: “Here in the world there are very many words in which the people speak. But all of these words which the people speak have a meaning.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
German New Testament translation by Berger / Nord (publ. 1999): “There are thousands of languages around the world, everybody communicates in specific languages.”
Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 11:19:
- Uma: “But when I came, I the Child of Mankind, I drank and I ate. They also rejected me, they said: ‘Look at him! A glutton, a drunkard, the friend of tax collectors and sinners!’ But even so, we know that God’s purposes are wise [lit., clear] if we look-at the actions of his followers.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “Then I, the Son of Man came and I eat and drink, na, and the people say, ‘Look at that man, he is a glutton and a drunkard. His friends are the tax collectors and other sinners.’ But,’ said Isa, ‘the works/deeds of God testify that God’s knowledge/wisdom is really deep.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And I, the Older Sibling of Mankind, I didn’t fast and I, by contrast, drank wine, and you were surprised and you said that I am a glutton and addicted to wine. And you say also that I am a friend of wicked people like the tax collectors and the law breakers. ‘However,’ said Jesus, ‘We can recognize that God is very wise by means of what he does.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “As for me who am Child of a Person, I was eating-with and drinking-with you and you say, ‘Now look at this person! He has-a-large-appetite to eat and he is a drunkard while-simultaneously also he makes-friends-of tax collectors and other sinful people!’ But even if that is what you say, the correctness of God’s wisdom will nevertheless be seen in the deeds of those who receive it.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tagbanwa: “And then as for me, the One From Heaven Born of Man/human, I join-in-feasts and drink what we (incl.) drink. Well, the people are saying, ‘Look at that fellow, a glutton and drinker, he’s a friend of money-grabbing official-receivers of payment and other sinners.’ But even though it’s like that, it’s evident that Juan’s and my teaching is indeed correct because of its results in the lives of those who believe/obey.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
- Tenango Otomi: “And now I the man who came from heaven, because I eat everything that comes my way you say that I am a ‘Partier.’ You say that I am one with the people who have sin and also the tax collectors. Yet concerning the straight word, if the people will think well, they will know this word.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
- German New Testament translation by Berger / Nord (publ. 1999): “Then came the Son of Man, who took pleasure in eating and drinking. But you pushed him away, saying, ‘He gorges and guzzles, he hobnobs with tax collectors and the ungodly.’ But in both of them you could see by their works that God’s wisdom was at work in them.”
Following are a number of back-translations of James 1:18:
- Uma: “He uttered his true words to us, and by/with those words of his he made us his children. He did that according to his will, so that from all that he made, we [would] become his pride-and-joy [more literally: that which makes his [heart] big].” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “From his wish/will he made us (incl.) his children because we (incl.) believe-obey his true word/message. And the reason why he made us (incl.) his children is so that we (incl.) will be made great/honored above all that he has created.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Since it was what he wanted, he made us his sons by means of causing us to understand the true doctrine. It is his desire that we are the ones whom he makes highest of all creatures.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “Since this here is what he decided, he-made-us -into his children on account of our having believed in his true words in order that we would be the highest of all his creatures.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tagbanwa: “And in harmony with his will, he has now made us his children through our believing/obeying the truth which was taught to us, so that we can be secured/dedicated as really being people of God, whom he regards as top-quality among all which he created.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
- Tenango Otomi: “God determined to give us a new life when we believed what is the true word. He took us from among the people in order that we be the first believers. Afterwards many more will believe the word.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
- German New Testament translation by Berger / Nord (publ. 1999): “Here too there is begetting and birthing: God desired us, through the Word of Truth he brought us into the world as his desired children, as the firstfruits of his [new] creation.” (see also complete verse (James 1:15))
Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 12:15:
- Noongar: “Then Jesus said to all the people, ‘Watch out! All you people must turn away from all greed, because the true life of a person is not seen in the things he owns, not even if he owns very much money.'” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
- Uma: “After that he said to the many people: ‘Be watchful and careful, so that you do not desire any goods of the world. Because even though our goods are many, it is not from those goods that our lives are good.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “Then Isa said to the people, ‘Watch out. Stay away from all kinds of desire/greed for even a very rich person, it isn’t his great wealth that causes him to live.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And Jesus said to the people, ‘Look carefully to your actions so that there is no selfishness among you, because the thing which makes the life of a person good does not come from many possessions.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “Then he continued to say to them all, ‘Watch out so you are not successfully-tempted to be greedy for what belongs to your companions, because a person’s life, it is not based-on/dependent-on the quantity of his possessions, even if his riches are in-excess.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tagbanwa: “And then Jesus spoke causing that crowd to listen, saying, ‘Now be careful! Put really far away the nature/way of being greedy, because as for belongings/assets, no matter how big is the amount, they can’t hold-on-to a person’s life/breath.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
- German New Testament translation by Berger / Nord (publ. 1999): “Jesus said to the crowd: ‘Avoid greed like the plague! For life cannot consist in mountains of possessions.’”
