Amen

If the Hebrew and Ge’ez or (the transliterated) Greek “Amen” (as part of a prayer) is not transliterated, it can also be translated into expressions such as “That is just the way it is” (Huichol), “That’s it” (Shilluk), “May it be thus” (Tzeltal) (source: Bratcher / Nida), “Let those things thus be” (Kituba) (source: Donald Deer in The Bible Translator 1973, p. 207ff. ), “It’s true” (Bariai) (source: Bariai Back Translation), or “so be it” (T’áá ákót’ée doo) ( Navajo (Dinė)).

In Nias, it is translated as Yaduhu (likewise: Jadoehoe) or “Yes, that’s true.” This goes back to culturally customary interruptions of sermons to verify the content of the message. Also, “a key characteristic of the Nias language is its consistent tendency to end words with a vowel sound. This presented a significant challenge for ‘amen,’ as its pronunciation would unavoidably become ‘ami.’ Crucially, ‘ami’ already carries the distinct meaning of ‘delicious’ in the Nias language, which would have led to an unintended and incongruous meaning in a liturgical context. (Source: Rebecca Evelyn Laiya / Merri Anna Kristina Laia in Konferensi Linguistik Tahunan Atma Jaya 23 [2025] ).

In Mairasi the translation is aniaut aug or “it’s a tuberful dig.” The preface to Enggavoter 2004 explains: “Truth is like a tuber [sweet potatoes, taro, cassava, yams]. We Mairasi have tubers as our standard food. The leaves are visible above ground. But we planted the plant so that it would produce tubers, but those are beneath the ground. So the vocabulary about ‘truth’ and ‘produce’ or ‘fruit’ is based on words for ‘tubers.’ For example: the word for ‘Amen’ ‘it’s a tuberful dig’ [also used for ‘verily’ or ‘definitely’] has its story like this: We see the leaves of the sweet potato but we do not know: the question is ‘Are there tubers or not?.’ So we dig then we see tubers. Therefore we say that ani ‘dig’ was aut ‘with tubers,’ which is ‘Aniaut!‘ ‘Definitely true!'”

In Huba it is translated as Aɗǝmja or “let it be so.” David Frank (in this blog post ) explains: “Whenever there were persistent problems such as a drought, or a rash of sickness or death, the king (or his religious advisor) would set aside a day and call on everyone to prepare food, such as the traditional mash made from sorghum, or perhaps even goat. The food had to be put together outside. The king or his religious advisor would give an address stating what the problem was and what they were doing about it. Then an elder representing the people would take a handful of that food and throw it, probably repeating that action several times, until it was considered to be enough to atone for all the misfortune they had been having. With this action he was ‘shooting (or casting off) misfortune’ to restore well-being to his people. As he threw the food, he would say that this is to remove the misfortune that had fallen on his people, and everybody would respond by saying aɗǝmja, ‘let it be so.’ People could eat some of this food, but they could not bring the food into their houses, because that would mean that they were bringing misfortune into their house. There is still a minority of people in this linguistic and cultural group that practices the traditional religion, but the shooting of misfortune is no longer practiced, and the term ‘shoot misfortune’ is used now in Bible translation to refer to offering a sacrifice. Aɗǝmja is how they translate ‘amen.'”

In American Sign Language, “Amen” is translated with a sign that means “it is established.”


“Amen” in American Sign Language (source )

See also truly, truly I tell you

he who, whoever

The Greek that is typically translated with a generic expressions such as “he who,” “whoever,” or “if anyone” in English is translated with the plural form (“they”) in Daga. “A literal translation of these conveys the idea that one specific unnamed individual is being discussed. Thus, for instance, in John 5:24 ‘he who hears my word and believes in him who sent me has eternal life’ meant in Daga that there was one fortunate individual to whom it applied.”

See also love your neighbor as yourself.

complete verse (1 Corinthians 14:16)

Following are a number of back-translations of 1 Corinthians 14:16:

  • Uma: “If for example we speak in a language from the Holy Spirit saying thank you to God, and the meaning of our words is not clear to the people who hear, they of course won’t say ‘Amin! That’s right!’ because they don’t know what we are saying.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “For example if you give thanks to God only in language not understood by the people, some of those there in your meeting place cannot join in with you giving thanks to God because they don’t understand what you say.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “For example, if you praise God when you’re inspired by the Holy Spirit, but a person who has just begun to worship doesn’t understand what you’re saying, he cannot agree with what you say because he doesn’t understand it.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Because for-example if you (sing.) pray to praise and thank God, but you (sing.) use only a different language that your (sing.) spirit causes-you (sing.) -to-speak, how perhaps will your (sing.) companion who is-in-the-congregation-with (you) say ‘Amen’ to what you (sing.) have prayed? Because he is not able (empathy particle) to understand what you (sing.) have said.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “For if it’s not like that, if you(sing.) are giving thanks to God in a different language under the inspiration of the Espiritu Santo, how can your companions go-along-with that thanks of yours when they can’t understand what you’re saying?” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “If you should give thanks to God and nobody can understand the words you say, then those people who listen to you speak will not know the meaning of the words. Then they will not be able to say ‘may it be so.'” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

Translation commentary on 1 Corinthians 14:16

This verse, like other details in the section, presupposes a church situation in which worship is accompanied by teaching. Different verbs for “giving thanks” are used here and in the following verse, but in both verses the ideas of praising God and thanking him are closely linked.

With the spirit: see the comment on “spirit” in verse 14. New International Version‘s “your spirit” makes it clear that the human spirit is meant.

Translators may add the word “only” as Good News Bible has done, since the content of verses 14-15 implies this addition.

An outsider (Good News Bible‘s “ordinary persons”) is rendered quite differently in different translations: New International Version text “one who finds himself among those who do not understand”; New International Version footnote “among the inquirers”; New Jerusalem Bible text “the uninitiated person”; New Jerusalem Bible explanatory footnote “one who is not granted similar gifts”; Revised English Bible “an ordinary person.” The basic problem is that of deciding whether “ordinary people” were members of the Christian community or not. Outside the Bible the Greek word is used of “nonexperts,” particularly of nonmembers who nevertheless took part in pagan sacrifices. This fits the present context well. In verse 23 the same word is used of people associated but not identified with unbelievers, but both groups had access to plenary meetings of the Christian community in Corinth (see comments on verse 23). It is probably best to think of the “ordinary persons” as those who do not have the gift of understanding and interpreting strange tongues. In any case outsider in English often means someone excluded from some select group, and such negative associations are clearly out of place here.

Position almost certainly means “status”; it does not refer to a particular area or location.

Most languages borrow the Hebrew term Amen, a word used at the end of prayers to show that the hearers agreed with the content of the prayer. In languages where this is not the case, it may be possible to translate “how can an uninstructed person be able to respond to your prayer of thanksgiving?” or “… say ‘I agree’ to your prayer of thanksgiving?”

Quoted with permission from Ellingworth, Paul and Hatton, Howard A. A Handbook on Paul’s First Letter to the Corinthians, 2nd edition. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1985/1994. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .

SIL Translator’s Notes on 1 Corinthians 14:16

14:16a Otherwise, if you speak a blessing in spirit,

If you (sing.) praise ⌊God⌋ ⌊in unknown tongues⌋ with your spirit,
-or-
If you ⌊use new languages⌋ to praise ⌊God⌋ from your heart/liver,

14:16b how can someone who is uninstructed say “Amen” to your thanksgiving,

how can someone who does not understand say “Amen” to your thanksgiving prayer ⌊to God⌋ ?
-or-
those who do not understand will not be able to agree when you thank ⌊God⌋.

14:16c since he does not know what you are saying?

For he will not know what you (sing.) are saying.
-or-
They will have no idea what you have said.

© 1998, 2019, 2020, 2022, 2023 by SIL International®
Made available under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License (CC BY-SA) creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.
All Scripture quotations in this publication, unless otherwise indicated, are from The Holy Bible, Berean Standard Bible.
BSB is produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee.