Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 5:17:
- Uma: “From the transgression of that one person, all people have to die because of their connection with that one person. But indeed greater is the deed/doing of the other one person, that is Yesus Kristus! Whoever believes in Yesus Kristus, they get power and good life forever. They get that as a free gift from God because his love to us is so big. He says that we are straight in his sight because of our connection with Yesus Kristus.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “The result of God’s love and pity/mercy to us (dual) is greater than the result of Apu’ Adam’s sin. Because of Apu’ Adam’s sin all men are destined to die. But the ones who receive/accept the love and pity/mercy of God are already considered straight by God, which is like God’s gift. They will live in heaven without end and they will rule together with Isa Almasi because they trust Isa Almasi.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Now, if because of the transgression of this one person who is Adam, all mankind die, how much more surprising is that which was done by one person also, who is Jesus Christ. For anybody who accepts God’s great kindness to them by means of Jesus Christ, they will be regarded righteous and they will be given life forever, and they will be able to rule along with God.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “It is admittedly true that all people must die because of the sin of the one, but the result of what the one person Jesu Cristo did is far weightier. Because due to him, all who receive God’s extreme grace and the righteousness which he gifted, they will enjoy the life that has no end and will join Cristo in his ruling.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tenango Otomi: “By reason of this one person who committed sin, afterwards all the people must go through death. But concerning all who meet God’s grace, being cleared of their sins, they will be given the new life by reason of Jesus Christ.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
- Huehuetla Tepehua: “Just because one person sinned, all people die. But now just because of one person, the one, Jesus Christ, God can do us a favor when he forgives our sins. And for that reason he sees us as if our lives were straight. And all of those who receive the favor which God has done, they will be chiefs with Christ in heaven.” (Source: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)
Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 11:27:
- Uma: “This is my promise to them: At that time, I will forgive their sins.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “When that day arrives, I will remove all their sins as I have promised before.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And when I take away their evil behavior, at last will be fulfilled my long ago promise to them,’ He said.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “And that will be the fulfillment of what I promised them that I would remove their sins.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tenango Otomi: “God said: Thus will be the agreement I make with them, that now I will clear their sins.'” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
- Huehuetla Tepehua: “And when I forgive their sins then I will fulfill the word that I agreed with my ancient men.” (Source: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)
Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 2:23:
- Uma: “That Yesus was offered to you, and you killed him, you offered him to evil people in order that they crucify him. But-in-fact what happened exactly followed the command/plan that God made-certain from-the-first, for God knew from-the-first what must happen.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “God knew beforehand and (it was) from his will that this Isa was delivered into your hands/holding and he had planned this for Isa. And you told/commanded sinful men/people to nail Isa on the post and to kill (him).” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And this Jesus, a person delivered him to you. God already knew about this beforehand because this is what he had foreordained for Jesus. You caused him to be killed by people who do not worship God, and they nailed him to a cross.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “This Jesus, God originally decided that he be-handed-over to you, because that was his plan long-ago and he knew it would be fulfilled. And you had-him-killed, handing-him-over to bad people so they would nail him to the cross.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tagbanwa: “But, well, you handed him over to people who don’t acknowledge God, for you caused him to be killed on a cross. But it’s true, this was only the fulfilling of what God determined.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
- Eastern Highland Otomi: “A long time ago God knew what you did to his Son, and God allowed you to put him on the cross by the hands of the wicked and kill him.”
- Chuj: “But that Jesus he was given into your hands; because thus it was God’s will it happened. God, he knew it already before, what would come upon Jesus. You, you borrowed the hands of bad people so that you grab Jesus. You put him on a cross. He died because of you.”
- Isthmus Mixe: “God had appointed that Jesus be handed over to evil people. God had known that Jesus would be murdered. You made up your minds that evil people should nail Jesus to a cross and kill him.”
- Morelos Nahuatl: “This Jesus God delivered to you because thus God determined before and he knew he was going to do it that way. In the hands of bad men you crucified Jesus and so you killed him.”
- Teutila Cuicatec: “When he came into your hands, as God established even from former times, you took him prisoner and turned him over into the hands of sinful men. They crucified him and they killed him because that was what you wanted.
- Coatlán Mixe: “Judas Iscariot delivered this Jesus to you in just the manner which God had planned beforehand. And you grabbed him and killed him when you delivered him to bad people and let them kill him on the cross.
- Xicotepec De Juárez Totonac: “Jesus was delivered up to men. You had lawless men crucify him. All this was according to God’s plan and foreknowledge.” (source for this and six above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)
Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 4:7:
- Uma: “[When] they were all there, they commanded for Petrus and Yohanes to be carried here in front of them. When they arrived there, those judges [sitters] asked, asking Petrus and Yohanes, they said: ‘From where is your power to heal that lame person? Who gave you that power?'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “So-then they commanded Petros and Yahiya to be brought to them. They questioned them, they said, ‘How did you do that? What power or whose name did you (pl.) use?'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And they brought before them Peter and John, and they asked them, ‘What is this power that was used to heal this person who couldn’t walk? And who gave you this power?'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “They had-Pedro and Juan -stand before them, and they investigated them saying, ‘Where did your power to heal this lame-one come from? Whose name did you use?'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tagbanwa: “When they had gathered, they caused those two apostles to stand in their presence and then questioned them. They said, ‘What is this knowledge/acquired-skill by which you were able to make well that lame person? Who gave you this skill?'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Teutila Cuicatec: “Then they ordered Peter and John to be brought and placed before them. They asked them, ‘what authority do you have? Who commanded you to do these different things?'”
Tataltepec Chatino: “They went to get out Peter and John to judge them before the authorities. Those elders asked them: ‘How did you cure this lame man?’ they said. ‘Who gave you permission to cure?'” (Source for this and one above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)
Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 7:11:
- Uma: “From there, arrived a big famine all over the land of Mesir and the land of Kanaan. When this big famine arrived, many people suffered, and our ancestors also no longer had food.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “Then a famine came/arrived throughout the country of Misil and including the country Kana’an, the place of Yakub and company. The people were very short-of-food. Our (incl.) forefathers could not find any food.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “So,’ said Stephen to the leaders, ‘a great famine took place in all of the land of Egypt and also in the land of Canaan, and the inhabitants there were having a hard time. And our ancestors, there was no place where they could get food.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “‘That being so, a famine arrived in the many-towns in Egipto and in Canaan, and people were excessively hardshipped. Our ancestors, they had no place-to-get what they would eat.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tagbanwa: “Well, some years passed, then a painful famine occured in Egipto. It was the same in Canaan where our fore-fathers, the sons of Jacob, were living. They really had big hardship for it was hard to find where they could get food.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
- Lalana Chinantec: “So corn became scarce in the land of Egypt and the land of Canaan. The people really suffered. Our ancestors were not able to find food.” (Source: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)
Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 20:9:
- Uma: “In that gathering of ours(excl.), there was a young man, his name Eutikhus, sat in the window. Because Paulus did not stop teaching, that young man got sleepy and fell asleep, with the result that he fell to the ground. Yet that window was on the third level from the ground. His companions went-down to pick him up, they saw he was dead.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “There was a man still young named Utikus sitting on the window (sill). When Paul was making his speech long, that Utikus became very sleepy and eventually fell asleep. Then he fell from the third story of that house where we (excl.) were gathered to the ground. When they lifted him up, he was really dead.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “There was a young man, Eutichus, who was sitting in the window there on the third floor, and because Paul’s preaching was very long he became very sleepy and when he could no longer endure his being sleepy and he fell down to the ground. And when they picked him up, he was dead already.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “There was also a young-unmarried-man who was Eutikus who was seated in the window. When Pablo’s speaking lasted-a-long-time, he was sleepy, eventually he fell-asleep, and then he fell from the third story of the house. When they went to pick-him-up, he was already dead.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tagbanwa: “There was a young man named Eutico who, there at the window was where he was sitting. When Pablo continued speaking, as for this Eutico, he was nodding-sleepily. When it had been a long time now, he fell sound asleep. Without anything further, he then fell to the ground. Because where he had fallen from was high up, when they picked him up he was already dead.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
- Teutila Cuicatec: “A young man called Eutychus was sitting on the window sill there in the third floor and as Paul continued preaching sleep grabbed him and when he was sleeping well he went over backwards and fell to the ground. They went and picked him up and he was already dead.” (Source: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)
Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 2:12:
- Uma: “People who don’t know the Lord’s Law, if they sin, they are still/nonetheless guilty and fit to be separated from God. God punishes them because of their sins, but he does not punish them because of their breaking of the Lord’s Law. So also people who know the Lord’s Law. If they sin, God will punish them as well, but them he will punish because of their breaking of the Lord’s Law.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “The people not Yahudi they do not know the law of God written by Musa. When/if they sin God punishes them and they go to hell. But their punishment is not as is said in the law. The Yahudi, the ones who were given the law, when/if they sin they are judged (by) whether they were able to follow/obey the law or not. If they did not follow/obey, God punishes them like/as is said in the law.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “As for the people who are not Jews, they do not know what is commanded by the Law that Moses left behind, and when they do evil, they will be judged just the same in the future by God. However, He will not use the Law in His judging them, but He will punish them with death which is forever. And as for the people who are Jews, they by contrast know what is commanded by the Law, and if they do evil, God will judge them according to what they have transgressed there in the Law.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “Because all who have sinned, they will be separated from God to be punished forever. As for the Gentiles, they don’t know the law of Moses, so that will not be the basis for God’s condemning them, but they will be punished nevertheless. As for the Jews by-contrast, they do know the law of Moses, so God will use that law in condemning them.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tenango Otomi: “Now then, all people have sins and God will judge them. Concerning the people who do not know the law which the Jews follow, they also will be judged according to what they know. But concerning the people who know what is said in the law which the Jews follow, they will be judged according to that word which is written in the law.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
- Teutila Cuicatec: “All those who owe sin, who do not know the law that Moses wrote, it will not be that law that will rule what punishment they have, but they will be punished. Also all those who do know that law but owe sin, they will have to be punished as that law commands.” (Source: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)
Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 9:6:
- Uma: “At this time most of the Jews are not God’s portion. But let’s not say/think like this: ‘If it’s thus, God did not fulfill his promise(s) to the Jews.’ Those words are not true! For it is not every descendant of Israel that God chose to be/become his portion.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “I am not saying hep that God is not fulfilling his promise to the tribe/nation of Isra’il, but that is what I am saying that not all the descendants of Isra’il hep are truly God’s people.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Now I’m not saying that God has not carried out his promise to them, but rather what I am saying is that there are some of the descendants of Israel who are not true subjects of God.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “This that I have said concerning my fellow descendants of Israel who don’t believe in Cristo, does it mean to say that God has not fulfilled what he promised his people? No, because the descendants of Israel, all of them are not the true people of God.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tenango Otomi: “But now many Jews do not want to believe in Christ. Concerning this word, we cannot say that now it will not happen like word God told the Jews. Because not all the Jews are included in the word God promised. It is not true that all the Jews are God’s people.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
- Isthmus Zapotec: “But the Jews, even though God gave them all this, now don’t have a good relationship with God (aren’t with God). But let us not think that God’s Word failed to turn out right. Because not all those who were born of Israel are Israel’s people in God’s sight.” (Source: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)
