The Greek that is translated as “against an adverse wind” or “battered by the ways” or similar in English is translated in the German New Testament translation by Berger / Nord (publ. 1999) with the nautical phrase gegen den Sturm kreuzen or “tack against the storm.”
walking on the sea (lake)
The Greek in Mark 6:48 that is translated as “walking on the sea (or: lake)” or similar in English is translated in Waiwai as tuna ratari mokyakne kopi, coycoy wara: “He came along the surface of the water, step, step.” Robert Hawkins (in The Bible Translator 1962, pp. 164ff. ) explains: “The particle coy (here reduplicated) is an iddeophone meaning ‘to step’ and indicates that Christ was walking over the surface of the water rather than comping to the boat (…) [and] kopi indicates fear, which though not expressed in this verse is expressed in the following verses. Thus we have added to particle here with out, we feel, adding anything to the meaning of the original text.”
See also has been raised.
intend (Japanese honorifics)
Click or tap here to see the rest of this insight.
Like a number of other East Asian languages, Japanese uses a complex system of honorifics, i.e. a system where a number of different levels of politeness are expressed in language via words, word forms or grammatical constructs. These can range from addressing someone or referring to someone with contempt (very informal) to expressing the highest level of reference (as used in addressing or referring to God) or any number of levels in-between. One way to do this is through the usage (or a lack) of an honorific prefix as shown here in the widely-used Japanese Shinkaiyaku (新改訳) Bible of 2017.
The Greek that is translated as “intend” in English is translated in the Shinkaiyaku Bible as o-tsumori (おつもり), combining “intend” (tsumori) with the respectful prefix o-. (Source: S. E. Doi, see also S. E. Doi in Journal of Translation, 18/2022, p. 37ff. )
Mark 6:45-52 in Russian Sign Language
Following is the translation of Mark 6:45-52 into Russian Sign Language with a back-translation underneath:
Source: Russian Bible Society / Российское Библейское Общество
Jesus did a miracle. There were five loaves and two fish. Jesus fed all the people, about 5,000 of them. They all ate, and there were even extra pieces of bread left over for the 12 baskets. Though the disciples saw the miracle, they did not understand its meaning.
Jesus looked at them and said:
— Go, get into the boat and go to the city of Bethsaida. I will stay here a while longer.
The disciples obeyed, they got into the boat and set sail. Jesus let all the people go home and remained alone. He went up on a mountain and prayed there. It was late evening. At this time the disciples sailed to the middle of the lake. Jesus, standing on the mountain, saw the sea raging. A strong wind arose, and there were waves on the lake. The boat with the disciples could hardly remain on the water. Jesus saw this, and he walked straight across the water. He stepped on the water and did not sink and walked on the water. It was early morning, and the disciples on the boat were exhausted. Jesus walked on the water past the boat. The disciples noticed him and cried out in terror:
— The Spirit! The Spirit is coming!
They were very frightened. Jesus stopped and said:
— Disciples, it is I, Jesus!
Jesus walked straight across the water to the boat and got into it. Immediately the wind died down and the lake calmed down. The disciples were amazed. They said to each other:
— Jesus walked on the water?! He did not drown? And the wind obeyed Jesus?!
Original Russian back-translation (click or tap here):
Иисус сделал чудо. Было пять хлебов и две рыбы. Иисус накормил ими всех людей, которых было около 5000. Все они наелись, даже остались лишние куски хлеба, которые собрали 12 корзин. Ученики хоть видели это чудо, но смысл его не поняли.
Иисус посмотрел на них и сказал:
— Идите, садитесь в лодку и отправляйтесь в город Вифсаида. А я еще побуду здесь.
Ученики повиновались, они сели в лодку и отплыли. Иисус отпустил всех людей по домам и остался один. Он взошел на гору и там молился. Наступил поздний вечер. Ученики в это время проплыли середину озера. Иисус, стоя на горе, увидел, как море стало бушевать. Поднялся сильный ветер, на озере были волны. Лодка с учениками еле держалась на воде. Иисус увидел это, и он пошел прямо по воде. Он ступил на воду и не тонул и шел по воде. Наступило уже раннее утро, ученики на лодке совсем уже выбились из сил. Иисус же шел по воде мимо лодки. Ученики заметили его и стали в ужасе кричать:
— Дух! Дух идет!
Они очень испугались. Иисус остановился и сказал:
— Ученики, это Я, Иисус!
Иисус прямо по воде подошел к лодке и сел в нее. Ветер тут же стих, и озеро тут же успокоилось. Ученики были поражены. Они говорили друг другу:
— Иисус шел по воде?!! И не тонул?!! И ветер подчиняется Иисусу?!
Back-translation by Luka Manevich
<< Mark 6:30-44 in Russian Sign Language
Mark 6:53-56 in Russian Sign Language >>
Mark 6:45-52 in Mexican Sign Language
Following is the translation of Mark 6:45-52 into Mexican Sign Language with back-translations into Spanish and English underneath:
© La Biblia en LSM / La Palabra de Dios
Retrotraducciones en español (haga clic o pulse aquí)
Jesús dijo a los discípulos: “Uds suban al barco y zarpen a Betsaida, vayan” y caminó hacia toda la gente y los despidió y subió la montaña.
Jesus estaba orando toda la noche y los discípulos estaban zarpando en el barco. Después vino un viento fuerte, y los discípulos que estaban remando, no podían remar.
Desde la montaña donde Jesús estaba orando, veía en la distancia las olas y el barco arrojado por las olas. Jesús bajó y caminó en las olas, como a las tres o cuatro de la madrugada.
En el barco, que estaba balanceando en las olas, los doce discípulos miraron que alguien vino caminando en las olas, pareció una fantasma, y gritaron de angustia.
Jesús estaba caminando hacia ellos (y dijo): “Calmense, no tengan miedo, soy yo mismo.”
Jesús caminó al barco y subió y instantaneamente el viento desapareció y las olas disminuyeron y el barco no estaba moviendo tan fuerte. Los discípulos estaban sorprendidos, boquiabiertos.
Los discípulos, ¿porqué estaban sorprendidos y boquiabiertos? No entendían, por el milagro reciente del pan no habían descubierto nada, sus mentes eran duros.
Jesus said to the disciples: “You go in the boat and sail to Betsaida, go now”, and he walked over to all the people and sent them off and he walked up the mountain.
Jesus was praying the whole night and the disciples were in the boat. Then a strong wind came and the disciples, who were rowing, could not row anymore.
From the mountain where Jesus was praying, he saw in the distance the waves and the boat being thrown about on the waves. Jesus walked down and walked on the waves at about three or four o’clock in the morning.
In the boat, which was swung about by the waves, the twelve disciples looked and saw someone coming, walking on the waves, it looked like a ghost and they screamed in anguish.
Jesus came walking up to them (and said): “Calm down, don’t be afraid, it is me.”
Jesus walked to the boat and got in and instantly the wind disappeared and the waves got smaller and the boat moved more calmly. The disciples were surprised, agape.
Why were the disciples surprised and agape? They did not understand, they had not got it after the recent miracle with the bread, their minds were hard/stubborn.
Source: La Biblia en LSM / La Palabra de Dios
<< Mark 6:32-44 in Mexican Sign Language
Mark 6:53-56 in Mexican Sign Language >>
complete verse (Mark 6:48)
Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 6:48:
- Uma: “He saw that they were desperately rowing, for the wind was blowing meeting their boat. At first-dawn, he walked on the water towards them, as if he were going to pass them.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “He saw his disciples having great difficulties because the wind was against them. When it was soon to be day (pagdayi’ ellew) Isa went to them walking on the skin of the lake. He was about to just pass them by,” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And Jesus knew that his disciples were having a difficult time rowing for they were going against a strong wind. And when it was about to dawn Jesus followed them walking on the water. It seemed as if he was going to go ahead of them,” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “When he looked-down-at them, he saw that they were being hardshipped in making-the boat -go, because the wind was meeting-them. When it was getting-to-be-cockcrow, Jesus went-downhill and walked on the surface of the water approaching them. He would have passed-by them,” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tagbanwa: “Jesus could see/view that his disciples were having a hard time rowing because the wind was contrary. When it was pre-dawn, Jesus followed after them. He was just walking on top of the water. It’s like he would pass them by.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Honorary "are" construct denoting God ("go")
Click or tap here to see the rest of this insight.
Like a number of other East Asian languages, Japanese uses a complex system of honorifics, i.e. a system where a number of different levels of politeness are expressed in language via words, word forms or grammatical constructs. These can range from addressing someone or referring to someone with contempt (very informal) to expressing the highest level of reference (as used in addressing or referring to God) or any number of levels in-between.
One way Japanese shows different degree of politeness is through the usage of an honorific construction where the morpheme are (され) is affixed on the verb as shown here in the widely-used Japanese Shinkaiyaku (新改訳) Bible of 2017. This is particularly done with verbs that have God as the agent to show a deep sense of reverence. Here, ik-are-ru (行かれる) or “go” is used.
(Source: S. E. Doi, see also S. E. Doi in Journal of Translation, 18/2022, p. 37ff. )
sea / lake
The various Greek, Aramaic, Ge’ez, and Latin and Hebrew terms that are translated as “sea,” “ocean,” or “lake” in English are all translated in Chichewa with one term: nyanja. Malawi, where Chichewa is spoken, has a lot of lakes but does not share a border with the ocean. (Source: Mawu a Mulungu mu Chichewa Chalero Back Translation)
Leave a Reply
You must be logged in to post a comment.