The term that is transliterated as “Mary Magdalene” in English is translated in American Sign Language with a sign signifying 7 demons having gone out, referring to Luke 8:2. (Source: Ruth Anna Spooner, Ron Lawer)
“Mary Magdalene” in American Sign Language, source: Deaf Harbor
The following is a stained glass window in the All Saints’ Church, Highgate, London, of the late 19thy century:
Photo by John Salmon, hosted by Wikimedia Common under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic license
Stained glass is not just highly decorative, it’s a medium which has been used to express important religious messages for centuries. Literacy was not widespread in the medieval and Renaissance periods and the Church used stained glass and other artworks to teach the central beliefs of Christianity. In Gothic churches, the windows were filled with extensive narrative scenes in stained glass — like huge and colorful picture storybooks — in which worshipers could ‘read’ the stories of Christ and the saints and learn what was required for their religious salvation. (Source: Victoria and Albert Museum )
Orthodox Icons are not drawings or creations of imagination. They are in fact writings of things not of this world. Icons can represent our Lord Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary, and the Saints. They can also represent the Holy Trinity, Angels, the Heavenly hosts, and even events. Orthodox icons, unlike Western pictures, change the perspective and form of the image so that it is not naturalistic. This is done so that we can look beyond appearances of the world, and instead look to the spiritual truth of the holy person or event. (Source )
For purchasing artworks by Kateryna Shadrina go to IconArt Gallery .
Retrotraducciones en español (haga clic o pulse aquí)
Segun el costumbre de los judíos el sábado era el día de descanso y las persona siempre lo preparaban antes, el viernes en la tarde.
Un hombre, José, un anciano y líder superior del lugar de Arimatea, creía, deseaba y esperaba que viniera el reino de Dios.
El viernes en la tarde este mismo hombre, José de Arimatea en fe fue ante el gobernador romano y dijo a Pilato: “¿Puedo obtener permiso para llevar el cuerpo de Jesús?”
Pilato estaba sorprendido que Jesús ya estaría muerto. (Dijo): “Un momento” y llamó a que viniera el capitán romano. Cuando se había acercado (preguntó): “¿Jesús ya está muerto?” El capitán (dijo): “Si está muerto.”
Pilato (dijo): “Sí, tienes permiso, vete” y José de Arimateo se fue a comprar sábanas finas y después fue a Jesús, colgado en la cruz, y José tendió las sábanas y bajó el cuerpo de Jesús y lo envolvió en las sábanas y lo llevó.
Allá antes había un acantilado y habían cavado uns entrada para una tumba.
José de Arimatea, cargando el cuerpo, entró y tendió el cuerpo y salió y rodó una piedra grande tapando (la entrada de la tumba).
Ambas las mujeres María Magdalena y María lo vieron.
According to the custom of the Jews Saturday was a day of rest and the people always prepared before, Friday afternoon.
A man, Joseph, an elder and prominent leader from the place of Arimathea, believed in, and desired and waited for the coming of the kingdom of God.
On Friday afternoon this same man, Joseph of Arimathea, in faith went before the roman governor and said to Pilate: “Could I have permission to take the body of Jesus?”
Pilate was surprised that Jesus would already be dead. (He said): “Just a moment” and called the roman captain to him. When he had approached him (he asked): “Is Jesus already dead?” and the captain (said): “Yes, he is dead.”
Pilate (said): “Yes, you have permission, off you go” and Joseph of Arimathea went to buy fine sheets and afterwards went to Jesus hanging on the cross, and Joseph spread out the sheets and took down the body of Jesus and wrapped it in the sheets and carried it away.
There was a rock there into which they had dug an entrance for a tomb.
Joseph of Arimathea, carrying the body, went int and lay down the body and went out, and he rolled a big stone covering (the entrance to the tomb).
At noon it became as dark as night over the whole land. The darkness lasted until three o’clock in the afternoon. Jesus on the cross cried out loudly:
— My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?
There were people near the cross. Some people began to say that Jesus was probably calling the prophet Elijah to come. One man came up, took a sponge, soaked it in vinegar. He pierced it with a stick and brought it to Jesus’ face for Jesus to drink. This man said,
— Now let’s see if the prophet will come and take Jesus down from the cross.
Jesus on the cross cried out loudly and died. His head drooped. Inside the temple there is a curtain. And this curtain, at the moment Jesus died, was torn in two. Near the cross stood a Roman general, a commander over a hundred soldiers. He saw Jesus die. And this general said,
— Truly, Jesus was the son of God!
There were also many women standing there, looking at the cross and Jesus from afar. Among them were three women: Mary Magdalene, another Mary, who was the mother of James and Joses, and Salome. They had always followed Jesus before, served him, helped him when he was in Galilee. There were many other women. They had followed Jesus to Jerusalem before.
The evening was approaching. It was Friday. It was ending, and soon after that the Sabbath would begin. There was a man named Joseph, he lived in the city of Arimathea. And he was not an ordinary man, he was a member of the Supreme Court, and he himself was waiting for the imminent coming of the Kingdom of God. He gathered his courage and went to Pilate. Joseph decided to ask Pilate for permission to take the body of Jesus, wrap it in clothes, and bury it right now, before the Sabbath. Joseph came to Pilate and turned to him:
— Let me take the body of Jesus and bury it.
Pilate was very surprised:
— How? Jesus has already died?
Pilate called the Roman commander and asked:
— Has Jesus already died? When was that?
The commander answered:
— Yes, Jesus has already died.
Pilate gave permission to take the body. Joseph bought and prepared a large cloth for wrapping, came to the cross, took down the body of Jesus, wrapped it and carried it to the rock, inside which a tomb had been made. There he laid the body, and blocked the entrance with a large stone. Nearby were two women, Mary Magdalene and Mary, who was the mother of Joses. And they looked at everything and saw how they buried Jesus and where.
Original Russian back-translation (click or tap here):
В полдень по всей земле стало темно, как ночью. Тьма продолжалась до трех часов дня. Иисус на кресте громко воскликнул: «Бог мой, Бог мой, почему ты меня оставил?» Возле креста были люди. Некоторые люди стали говорить, что, наверное, Иисус зовёт пророка Илию, чтобы он пришел. Один человек подошел, взял губку, намочил её в уксусе. Палкой проткнул ее и поднёс к лицу Иисусу, чтобы Иисус выпил. Этот человек сказал:
— Сейчас посмотрим, придет ли пророк и снимет ли Иисуса с креста?
Иисус на кресте громко вскрикнул и умер. Голова его поникла. В храме внутри есть завеса. И эта завеса, в тот момент, когда Иисус умер, разорвался на две части. Возле креста стоял один римский военачальник, командир над ста воинами. Он видел, как Иисус умер. И этот военачальник сказал:
— Воистину, Иисус он был сыном Божьим!
Также там стояло много женщин, которые издали смотрели на крест и Иисуса. Среди них были три женщины: Мария Магдалина, еще одна Мария, которая была мать Иакова и Иосета, а также Саломея. Они раньше всегда следовали за Иисусом, служили, помогали ему, когда он был в Галилее. Ещё были многие другие женщины. Они раньше последовали за Иисусом в Иерусалим.
Приближался вечер. Это была пятница. Она кончалась, скоро после этого начиналась суббота. Был один человек именем Иосиф, он жил в городе Аримафея. И он был непростым человеком, он был членом Верховного суда, и он сам ждал скорого наступления Царства Бога. Он набрался смелости пришел к Пилату. Иосиф решил попросить у Пилата разрешение забрать тело Иисуса, запеленать его, чтобы похоронить прямо сейчас, до наступления субботы. Иосиф пришел к Пилату и обратился к нему:
— Разреши мне забрать тело Иисуса и похоронить его.
Пилат очень удивился:
— Как? Иисус уже умер?
Пилат позвал римского военачальника и спросил:
— Что, Иисус уже умер? Когда это было?
Военачальник ответил:
— Да, Иисус уже умер.
Пилат разрешил забрать тело. Иосиф купил и приготовил большую ткань для пеленания, пришел к кресту, снял тело Иисуса, запеленал и отнес его к скале, внутри которой была сделана гробница. Там оно положил тело, а вход загородил большим камнем. Недалеко были две женщины, это Мария Магдалина и Мария, которая мать Иосета. И они на все смотрели и видели, как похоронили Иисуса и где.
The name that is transliterated as “Mary” in English is translated in Libras (Brazilian Sign Language) with a sign that combines the letter M and “witness” (because she witnessed the crucifixon). (Source: Missão Kophós )
Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 15:47:
Uma: “Maria Magdalena and Maria the mother of Yoses noted where Yesus’ body was put.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “Mariyam, the woman from Magdala, and Mariyam the mother of Joses were there watching, and they saw where Isa was buried.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of Joseph, they saw where the body of Jesus was placed.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “Maria Magdalena and Maria the mother of Jose were also there seeing the burial (lit. placing-inside) of Jesus.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “Maria Magdalena and Maria the mother of Jose were watching. Therefore they knew where Jesus was buried. already rolled away.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
etheōroun (cf. 3.11) ‘they were observing,’ ‘they were watching.’
pou (cf. 14.12) ‘where.’
tetheitai ‘he has been placed,’ ‘he has been put.’
Translation:
Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of Joses may be translated as ‘Mary who was from Magdala town and Mary who was Joses’ mother.’
He was laid, if changed into an active form, may be translated as ‘they put him’ (or ‘the body’).
Quoted with permission from Bratcher, Robert G. and Nida, Eugene A. A Handbook on the Gospel of Mark. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1961. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .
Mary Magdalene: The name Mary Magdalene indicates that Mary was from a town called Magdala. The name Mary Magdalene also occurs in 15:40b.
Mary the mother of Joseph: This is the Mary who is called “Mary the mother of James the younger and of Joses” in 15:40c–d. She is mentioned once more in 16:1b, where she is called “Mary the mother of James.” To avoid confusion, you may want to refer to her in the same way each time she is mentioned. For example:
Mary the mother of James/Jacob and Joses/Joseph
15:47b
saw: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as saw means “watched purposefully and with attention.” Here the women saw where Joseph laid Jesus’ body. They carefully noticed where it was so that they could find their way there again.
Here is another way to translate this:
attentively/carefully observed
where His body was placed: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible here translates as was placed is the same Greek word as in 15:46d. There the Berean Standard Bible translates this word as “placed.” In both places, you should use whatever word is most natural in your language for the context.
Paragraph 16:1–4
The events of this paragraph happened on the day after the Sabbath. It was against the Jewish religious law to do any work on the Sabbath day. So the women had to wait until the next day to anoint Jesus’ body.
16:1a
When the Sabbath was over: The clause When the Sabbath was over refers to the end of the Sabbath day. The Sabbath day ended when the sun went down. So the phrase When the Sabbath was over refers to the evening of the seventh day of the week (Saturday).
Sabbath: The word Sabbath is the name of the seventh and last day of the week for the Jews. The Sabbath was the special day of the week when the Jews rested and worshiped God. The Law of Moses said that the Jews must not do any work on that day (Deuteronomy 5:12–15).
Here are some other ways to translate Sabbath:
the Jewish rest day -or-
the day for resting -or-
the day to rest and worship God
If the word Sabbath is already known in your area, you may write it according to the sounds of your language. You may also want to include a phrase to explain the meaning. For example:
the Sabat, the Jews’ day for resting
Be careful that the term you choose is not confused with Sunday, the day when Christians worship. The Sabbath for the Jews began at sundown on Friday and went until sundown on Saturday. You may want to include a footnote to give more information. For example:
The Sabbath is a name for the seventh day of the week. It is the day when the Jews rested from work and worshiped God.
Use the same word or phrase for Sabbath as you did in 1:21b and 15:42b. See the note there.
16:1b
Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James, and Salome: These three women were mentioned in 15:40b and 15:40c–d. Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of James were also mentioned in 15:47a.
In some languages the order of this list of women may be confusing. Your translation should not imply that the second Mary is the mother of both James and Salome. One way to avoid this is to change the order of the list. For example:
Salome, Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James
See how you translated these names in 15:40b, 15:40c–d and 15:47a.
Mary the mother of James: Notice that Mary the mother of James is referred to as “Mary the mother of James and Joses” in 15:40. In 15:47 she is referred to as “Mary the mother of Joses.”. In some languages it may be necessary to refer to her in the same way each time she is mentioned. For example:
Mary the mother of James and Joses
Another option is to translate the names as they occur in each reference and add a footnote. A footnote here could say:
Mary was also the mother of Joses. See 15:40 and 15:47.
16:1c
bought spices: The women bought these spices in order to follow a burial custom of the Jews. Jews put spices onto a person’s dead body so that it would smell good. In this way they honored the dead person. In some languages it may be natural to include a verb like “went” here. For example, the New Living Translation says:
went out and purchased burial spices
spices: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as spices refers in general to things that smell good such as ointments, oils, and perfumes. In this context, the oil or ointment was to be used to anoint Jesus’ dead body. Make sure that your translation does not give the impression that the spices were for food preparation.
so they could go and anoint the body of Jesus: This clause tells the women’s purpose for buying spices. They wanted to carry them to the tomb and use them to anoint Jesus’ body.
Here are some other ways to translate this clause:
intending to go and anoint him (Revised English Bible) -or-
to take to the tomb to anoint Jesus’ body -or-
to put on Jesus’ body (Contemporary English Version)
go: In some languages it may be natural to use a verb like “come” here. According to 16:2, the women did not actually go (or “come”) to the tomb until the next morning. Your translation should not imply here that they went to the tomb as soon as they bought the spices. In some languages, it may be natural to leave the verb go untranslated here. See the General Comment on 16:1–2 at the end of 16:2b for a way to do this.
and anoint the body of Jesus: In this context, the verb anoint means “to put oil or ointment on a person’s corpse to prepare it for burial.” Jesus’ body had already been wrapped in cloth, so the women were probably intending to pour or rub the ointment onto the cloth.
Some languages have a word that refers to putting, rubbing or pouring oil or ointment on a person’s body as a part of burial preparations. If you have such a word, you may use it here. Otherwise, you should use a general expression, since we do not know exactly how the women intended to anoint Jesus’ body. For example:
to prepare Jesus’ body -or-
to use on Jesus’ corpse
The Jews did not embalm dead bodies. They used the spices to reduce the smell and to show respect. See the notes on 14:8b–c for similar information. See also the account in John 19:39–40, which describes how Nicodemus and Joseph wrapped Jesus’ body along with burial spices.
General Comment on 16:1a–c
In some languages it may be more natural to tell about what the women did before giving their names. For example:
1aWhen the Sabbath was over, some women 1cbought spices so that they might go to anoint Jesus’ body. 1bThe women’s names were Salome, Mary Magdalene, and Mary who was the mother of James.
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All Scripture quotations in this publication, unless otherwise indicated, are from The Holy Bible, Berean Standard Bible.
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