priest

The Hebrew, Aramaic, Ge’ez, and Greek that are typically translated as “priest” in English (itself deriving from Latin “presbyter” — “elder”) is often translated with a consideration of existing religious traditions. (Click or tap for details)

Bratcher / Nida (1961) say this:

“However, rather than borrow local names for priests, some of which have unwanted connotations, a number of translations have employed descriptive phrases based on certain functions: (1) those describing a ceremonial activity: Pamona uses tadu, the priestess who recites the litanies in which she describes her journey to the upper or under-world to fetch life-spirit for sick people, animals or plants; Batak Toba uses the Arabic malim, ‘Muslim religious teacher;’ ‘one who presents man’s sacrifice to God’ (Bambara, Eastern Maninkakan), ‘one who presents sacrifices’ (Baoulé, Navajo (Dinė)), ‘one who takes the name of the sacrifice’ (Kpelle, and ‘to make a sacrifice go out’ (Hausa); (2) those describing an intermediary function: ‘one who speaks to God’ (Shipibo-Conibo) and ‘spokesman of the people before God’ (Tabasco Chontal).”

In Obolo it is translated as ogwu ngwugwa or “the one who offers sacrifice” (source: Enene Enene), in Mairasi as agam aevar nevwerai: “religious leader” (source: Enggavoter 2004), in Ignaciano as “blesser, one who does ritual as a practice” (using a generic term rather than the otherwise common Spanish loan word sacerdote) (source: Willis Ott in Notes on Translation 88/1982, p. 18ff.), and in Noongar as yakin-kooranyi or “holy worker” (source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang).

For Guhu-Samane, Ernest Richert (in The Bible Translator, 1965, p. 81ff. ) reports this: “The [local] cult of Poro used to be an all-encompassing religious system that essentially governed all areas of life. (…) For ‘priest’ the term ‘poro father’ would at first seem to be a natural choice. However, several priests of the old cult are still living. Although they no longer function primarily as priests of the old system they still have a substantial influence on the community, and there would be more than a chance that the unqualified term would (in some contexts particularly) be equated with the priest of the poro cult. We learned, then, that the poro fathers would sometimes be called ‘knife men’ in relation to their sacrificial work. The panel was pleased to apply this term to the Jewish priest, and the Christian community has adopted it fully. [Mark 1:44, for instance, now] reads: ‘You must definitely not tell any man of this. But you go show your body to the knife man and do what Moses said about a sacrifice concerning your being healed, and the cause (base of this) will be apparent.'”

For a revision of the 1968 version of the Bible in Khmer Joseph Hong (in: The Bible Translator 1996, 233ff. ) talks about a change in wording for this term:

​​Bau cha r (បូជា‌ចារ្យ) — The use of this new construction meaning “priest” is maintained to translate the Greek word hiereus. The term “mean sang (មាន សង្ឃ)” used in the old version actually means a “Buddhist monk,” and is felt to be theologically misleading. The Khmer considers the Buddhist monk as a “paddy field of merits,” a reserve of merits to be shared with other people. So a Khmer reader would find unthinkable that the mean sang in the Bible killed animals, the gravest sin for a Buddhist; and what a scandal it would be to say that a mean sang was married, had children, and drank wine.

See also idolatrous priests.

Aaron

The name that is transliterated as “Aaron” in English is translated in Catalan Sign Language and Spanish Sign Language as “stones on chest plate” (according to Exodus 28:15-30) (Source: John Elwode in The Bible Translator 2008, p. 78ff. )


“Aaron” in Spanish Sign Language, source: Sociedad Bíblica de España

In Colombian Sign Language, Honduras Sign Language, and American Sign Language, the chest plate is outlined (in ASL it is outlined using the letter “A”):


“Aaron” in ASL (source )

For more information on translations of proper names with sign language see Sign Language Bible Translations Have Something to Say to Hearing Christians .

See also Moses, more information on Aaron , and this lectionary in The Christian Century .

complete verse (Joshua 21:13)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Joshua 21:13:

  • Kupsabiny: “The people of the house of Aaron were also given the city of Libnah,” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “So to the descendants of Aaron the priest, they gave Hebron, (which is one of the cities to give refuge for a person who accidentally killed someone), Libnah,” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “So Hebron which (is) one of the cities of refuge, where a man who kills unintentionally was-able-to-flee was-given to the descendants of Aaron the priest. Also given to them (were) Libna,” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “They allotted to them Hebron, which was one of the cities to which people could run/escape to be safe/protected. They also allotted to the Kohath clan the cities of Libnah,” (Source: Translation for Translators)

Translation commentary on Joshua 21:11 - 21:16

For “Kiriath-arba” (Revised Standard Version), the old name of Hebron in verse 11, see verses 14.15 and 15.13. In verses 11-12 the point is made that the city of Hebron itself was assigned to the Levites, while the fields of the city, as well as its towns, belonged to Caleb (see 14.13-14). It is difficult to distinguish precisely between the pasture land around Hebron, which belonged to the Levites (verse 11), and the fields of the city, which belonged to Caleb (verse 12); the fields of the city should perhaps be understood to mean “the open country near the city” (New English Bible; see New American Bible).

Verses 11-16 name nine cities from the territories of the tribes of Judah and Simeon.In verse 16, instead of the Masoretic text Ain, Hebrew Old Testament Text Project (and others), following some manuscripts of the Septuagint and 1 Chr 6.59, prefers “Ashan”; so New English Bible Bible de Jérusalem Jerusalem Bible New American Bible. Verse 13 calls attention to the fact that Hebron was a city of refuge (see 20.7).

If verses 9-10 are translated as a unit, then verses 11-16 may be dealt with similarly:

• They received the city of Hebron, which was also a city of refuge, and the cities of Libnah … and Beth Shemesh. The city of Hebron lay in the hill country of Judah, and at that time it was called the city of Arba, after Arba, the father of Anak. The city and its pasture lands were given to the descendants of Aaron, but its fields and towns had already been given to Caleb.

Or, so as not to separate the initial mention of Hebron from the description of the city:

• They received the city of Hebron, which was also a city of refuge. It lay in the hill country of Judah, and at that time it was called Arba City, after Arba, the father of Anak. The fields and towns around it had already been given to Caleb, but the city and its pasture lands were now given to the descendants of Aaron. They also received the cities of Libnah … and Beth Shemesh.

Quoted with permission from Bratcher, Robert G. and Newman, Barclay M. A Handbook on Joshua. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 1983. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .

SIL Translator’s Notes on Joshua 21:13

21:13a

So: This verse repeats information which was stated in verse 21:10-11. Some English versions translate this Hebrew conjunction as So, as “thus” or “and.” Use the connecting word that is natural in your language.

to the descendants of Aaron the priest they gave these cities, together with their pasturelands: Hebron, a city of refuge for the manslayer: In this verse Aaron is given the title of Aaron the priest, which is slightly different from verse 21:10. The Hebrew sentence puts the object of the sentence first to emphasize it. Use the sentence order that is natural in your language.

together with their pasturelands: The phrase together with their pasturelands refers to the land around Hebron where livestock could eat grass.

Here is another way to translate this part of the verse:

So the people of Israel gave Hebron town with its pasturelands to the descendants of Aaron the priest. Hebron was a town of safety for those who had killed someone by mistake.

a city of refuge for the manslayer: The Hebrew word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as manslayer is the same Hebrew word that occurred in 20:3. In that verse the Berean Standard Bible translated it as “anyone who kills another.” It is recommended that you translate this term the same way as you did in verse 20:3.

21:13b

Libnah: The town of Libnah was southwest of Jerusalem.

Here are some other ways to translate this part of the verse:

They also gave them⌋ Libnah and the grazing lands around it,
-or-
Libnah town and the grasslands around it,

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