Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 22:24:
- Uma: “That is why the head of the soldiers commanded his soldiers to carry Paulus on into the house of the soldiers, so that there he could be beaten and examined there so that they would know why the Yahudi people were so angry, yelling-at him.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “Then the colonel commanded his men to bring Paul into the fort. He also commanded that Paul be beaten so that he would tell why the Yahudi were shouting like that against him.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And the captain of the Roman soldiers did not understand what they said, and then he commanded the soldiers that they bring Paul into the fort and that they beat him to make him confess what the Jews were so angry with him about, because why were they shouting like that?” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “Therefore the commander had-Pablo -enter, and he commanded that they whip-him so he would confess the reason-for the people’s shouting-at him.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tagbanwa: “When that highest-ranking-officer of soldiers observed, he ordered that Pablo then be taken inside their wall, for he would be interrogated there. He also ordered that Pablo be whipped till he admitted what evil he really had done for which the Jews found fault with him.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
- Lalana Chinantec: “So the boss of the soldiers commanded that they take Paul into the house where the soldiers are. He told the soldiers to beat Paul with a leather rope. ‘We’ll see whether Paul will tell what guilt he has when they whip him,’ said the boss of the soldiers. ‘We’ll see why the people yelled and shouted.'” (Source: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)
Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 3:15:
- Uma: “‘They are always ready-to-fight, wanting to kill others.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “They easily hurt and kill.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And that’s not all, for they can easily murder.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “It is easy for them to murder,” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tenango Otomi: “Only killing do they want.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
- Yatzachi Zapotec: “They kill people at slight provocation.” (Source: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)
For the Old Testament quote, see Isaiah 59:7.
Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 10:3:
- Uma: “They close their eyes to the way that God prepared. They refuse to submit to Kristus in order to become straight in God’s sight, they prefer to follow their own way, wanting to make themselves straight in their following of the Lord’s Law.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “They do not understand as to how people can be forgiven and considered straight by God. They think-mistakenly that they will be forgiven because-of their following the law. And they are not willing to follow what God said as to how he forgives them and considers them straight.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “For they would not accept God’s way for people to become righteous. Rather what they used was their own way which was their obedience to the Law; and they did not follow the way of God, for Him to consider people righteous.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “Because they have been ignoring God’s plan to count people as righteous and simultaneously they have been trying to-be-made-righteous through the good that they have been doing, so they have not humbled (lit. lowered) themselves to receive the righteousness that comes from God.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tenango Otomi: “Because they do not know how God determined to clear people. They think they will seek on their own how to bring about their getting right with God. Therefore they do not want to believe the way God clears people.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
- Mezquital Otomi: “Because they do not know for themselves the road that God has appointed so that one may live well with him, and they are putting forth every effort to walk well by themselves (contrary to the right road) in the sight of God. For that reason they have not wanted to believe God and so he was not able to say they were righteous.”
- Chicahuaxtla Triqui: “They do not know how it is that God can say that our hearts are straight, and they wish to bring about themselves that their hearts will be straight, and so they do not obey the word which God has said.” (Source for this and above: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)
The Greek, Latin, Ge’ez, and Hebrew that is translated with “joy” or “gladness” in English is translated with various strategies:
- Baoulé: “a song in the stomach” (see also peace (inner peace))
- Bambara: “the spirit is made sweet”
- Kpelle: “sweet heart”
- Tzeltal: “the good taste of one’s heart”
- Uduk: “good to the stomach”
- Mískito: “the liver is wide open” (“happily letting the pleasures flooding in upon it”) (source for this and above: Nida 1952)
- Mairasi: “good liver” (source: Enggavoter 2004)
- Noongar: koort-kwabba-djil or “heart very good” (source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
- Chicahuaxtla Triqui: “refreshed heart” (source: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.).
- Hausa Common Language Bible: farin ciki or “white stomach.” Other languages that use the same expression include Southern Birifor (pʋpɛl), Dera (popolok awo), Reshe (ɾipo ɾipuhã). (Source: Andy Warren-Rothlin)
See also Seat of the Mind for traditional views of “ways of knowing, thinking, and feeling,” happiness / joy, and exceeding joy.
Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 1:16:
- Uma: “‘Relatives, what is written in the Holy Book must be fulfilled. Long-ago with the lips of King Daud, the Holy Spirit foretold ahead-of-time about Yudas, who led the people who caught Yesus.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “‘My brothers,’ he said, ‘the word/message of the Holy Spirit which he caused Da’ud to write must be fulfilled. That word/message was about Judas ley (deceased), the guide of the persons/people who seized Isa.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “‘Siblings/cousins, it is not possible that the prophecies which are the written word of God are not fulfilled. Long ago the Holy Spirit inspired David, and he prophesied about Judas, the one who delivered Jesus to those who seized him.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “‘Siblings/cousins, it-was-necessary that what the Holy Spirit caused-David -to-write long ago be fulfilled concerning what happened to Judas. This Judas was the one who led those who captured Jesus,” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tagbanwa: “He said, ‘My siblings in believing, it isn’t possible/acceptable that the word/speech of David of the past not be fulfilled, which was written through the inspiring by the Espiritu Santo concerning Judas who led those who arrested Jesus.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
- Morelos Nahuatl: “‘You my brothers. David wrote what the Holy Spirit told him about Judas. Now that word of God must happen. Judas helped those who caught Jesus.”
- Eastern Highland Otomi: “‘My brothers in Christ, a long time ago the Holy Spirit of God caused David to write the paper about what would happen to Judas. This Judas betrayed Jesus when they took hold of him. And it had to happen what David wrote.” (Source for this and above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)
Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 3:2:
- Uma: “At the door/gate called Beautiful Gate, there was a man who had been lame from his birth. Every day he was always carried to that gate so he could request/beg of people who went to the House of God.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “There at the prayer-house/temple gate which they called Beautiful Gate there was a man crippled since birth (lit. from inside the abdomen). Every day he was brought to that gate in order that he could beg for money from the people entering the prayer-house/temple.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And there was a beggar there being carried by his companions who, from the time of his birth, he could not walk. Everyday he was carried by his companions and they placed him there near the gate of the House of God, that gate which is called Beautiful. The reason they placed him there was so that he might beg money from the people who go into the church.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “There was furthermore a man who was born lame who was by what was called the Beautiful entrance of the Temple. Every-day they were carrying him to take him there to beg-alms from those-entering.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tagbanwa: “Well, there was a lame person who had been lame from birth. As for that person, every day he was taken by others to the entrance of the like-a-yard of the Templo which was called Good/Nice Entrance, for he begged-aid from all those going in.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
- Eastern Highland Otomi: “There was a man who was crippled from the time he was born. He was accustomed to be carried to the door of the big church. The door was called Beautiful. The man asked gifts of the people who passed there.” (Source: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)
Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 5:14:
- Uma: “As-time-passed, more-and-more people believed in the Lord Yesus, both men and women.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “But nevertheless the people who trusted in Isa, the Lord, were added, men and women.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And the adding to the believers was always increasing. And because of that, the men and women were many who believed in the Lord Jesus.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “Where-the believers -were-meeting-together was what they called Solomon’s Roofed-Shelter which was in the Temple area. As for those who did not believe, they were afraid to join (them), but the many-people nevertheless acknowledged-with-respect the believers and many men and women were joining/being-added who believed. There were many amazing-things that the apostles were doing that the many-people were seeing.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tagbanwa: “And every day the number of believers grew and grew, women and men. There really were very many.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
- Lalana Chinantec: “Even though there were people who didn’t have the nerve, there were many people who believed on the Lord, many men and women.” (Source: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)
Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 10:19:
- Uma: “While Petrus was still thinking, the Holy Spirit said to him like this: ‘Listen! there are three people here looking for you (sing.).” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “During that time Petros was still there thinking as to what the meaning was of what he had seen. Then God’s Spirit said to him, ‘Listen. There are three men there looking for you.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And Peter, at that time, was still thinking about what was to be understood by what he had seen, and then the Holy Spirit said to him, ‘There are three men looking for you.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “Pedro, he was still continuing-to-think-about the significance of what God had shown him, so the Spirit of God said to him, ‘There are three people looking-for you (sing.).” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tagbanwa: “As for Pedro, he was still trying-to-understand what had been shown to him. The Espiritu Santo said to him, ‘Pedro, listen well. There are three people looking for you.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
- Lalana Chinantec: “As Peter was meditating what he had dreamed about, the Great Spirit spoke to Peter: ‘Three Gentiles who are looking for you have arrived at your house.'” (Source: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)
