Language-specific Insights

complete verse (1 Thessalonians 5:12)

Following are a number of back-translations of 1 Thessalonians 5:12:

  • Uma: “Relatives, we request that you respect those who hold the work of the Lord in your midst, because they are the ones who are your elders in the Lord and who admonish you.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Na, my brothers who trust in Isa Almasi, there is still something we (excl.) want to ask/beg you (for): respect your leaders of the prayer-house. They work among you because they were chosen by our (incl.) Leader to teach you.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “So, brothers, those who work hard to lead you, your bosses whom God has chosen, and those who teach you, we beg you to respect them.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “We (excl.) have something else to request of you brothers. It would be good if you properly respect/acknowledge those who are leading you who put-themselves-to-hardship to care-for and advise you in your following the Lord Jesus.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “The final thing we (excl.) can teach you, siblings in believing, is that you will please recognize/acknowledge well those who have been given authority who persevere in the work of the Lord there. For as for these, of course the Lord is the one who chose them and set them up to oversee and teach you.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Listen, brothers, we want that you have respect for the workers of God who work where you live. Because they are the chosen of God to lead there where you are in order to teach you the word of God.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (John 21:10)

Following are a number of back-translations of John 21:10:

  • Uma: “Yesus said saying to them: ‘Bring several fish that you caught in your nets here.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Isa said to them, ‘Bring some of the fish you have caught here to me.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And Jesus said to them, ‘Bring here some of the fish you have caught.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Jesus said to them, ‘Bring-me-some of the fish you caught.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “‘Bring here,’ said Jesus, ‘some of that fish you got.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Jesus said to them, ‘Bring here some more of the fish you caught.'” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Matthew 27:54)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 27:54:

  • Uma: “The commander [lit., warchief soldier] with his fellow soldiers who were guarding Yesus, they were very afraid feeling/hearing the earthquake and seeing all that happened. They said: ‘Why he must really be the Child of God!'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “The captain and his soldiers who watched Isa, when they saw the earthquake and the happenings, were very afraid and they said, ‘Truly this man was God’s Son.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “The soldiers and their captain who were watching Jesus, when it suddenly earthquaked, and when they saw the other things that were happening, they were frightened. They said, ‘It really is true that he is the Son of God!’ they said.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “When the captain of the soldiers and his companions who were guarding Jesus felt the earthquake and saw all that happened, extreme was their fear, and they said, ‘Truly he was the Child of God.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “The captain of soldiers and his men who were guarding Jesus were overwhelmed (with fear) when they felt the earth quake and observed all that happened. They were saying, ‘This really was truly the Son of God!'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “The captain and his soldiers stood there looking at Jesus. They had seen that the earth quaked and had seen all that Jesus had done and how he died. They were very afraid and said: ‘Truly this man is the Son of God.'” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (2 Thessalonians 2:4)

Following are a number of back-translations of 2 Thessalonians 2:4:

  • Uma: “No matter how the words of others are, don’t allow yourselves to be deceived. For before that day comes, these two things have to happen first: many people will retreat from their faith, and an evil person will appear who will oppose God. That evil person, he will be proud [lit., his heart will be high], he will put himself [lit., his life] ahead of all that is worshipped on earth. And he will dare [emphatic] to sit in the House of God, saying that he is God. So, it is certain ahead of time that he will be thrown into hell.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “This person will be an enemy of everything that-is-considered-God and everything worshiped by mankind. He will make himself greater than all of them and even/including in the prayer-house of God he will go and sit down and say that he is God.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “He will resist and try to make himself higher than anything people consider to be God and anything they worship. He will even sit in the worship place, the House of God, for he will say that he is God.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “He will oppose God and all idols/false gods and whatever else people worship/honor and he will make-himself -higher (in rank, importance) than all of them. And he will go and sit-down in God’s temple saying that he himself is God.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “What this one who will-appear-on-the-scene will do is, he will oppose all who are worshipped by people which they regard as their god. He will elevate himself that he now is the most important, far more than all of these. And furthermore, he will even enter the Templo of God, and then say that he is the one meant by God.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “This person will be against all that people worship, even God he will be against. He will want that only he himself will be worshipped. He will sit in the church of God as though he himself were God. He will say, ‘I myself am God,’ he will say.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Acts 1:17)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 1:17:

  • Uma: “That Yudas, he was indeed our companion, and Yesus himself chose him as a disciple, the same as with us.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Judas ley was hep one of our (incl.) companions and he had also been commissioned by Isa to work like this our (incl.) work.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “As for Judas, he was our (incl.) companion apostle because that which the Lord gave us (incl.) to do was entrusted also to him,’ said Peter.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “but previously he was our (excl.) companion, because Jesus appointed him to serve-with us (excl.) apostles.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Really as for him, he was the twelfth of us (excl.) apostles, and he did indeed have his share of this which the Lord is causing to be done.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Isthmus Mixe: “Judas was our companion. He had this same work.'”
  • Desano: “Judas also was with us and worked with us.'”
  • Teutila Cuicatec: “That fellow joined us and the work we were doing he was also doing.'”
  • Eastern Highland Otomi “The same work we did with Judas because Jesus chose Judas like he chose us.'” (Source for this and three above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)

complete verse (Matthew 28:20)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 28:20:

  • Uma: “Teach them to follow all that I have commanded you. Remember: I will be with you until the end of the world.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Teach them that they shall follow all which I commanded you. And remember this, I will be there with you always until the end of the world.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Teach them that they should obey all that I have commanded you. And don’t you forget that I am always accompanying you as long as this time is not yet finished.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “and teach them that they are to thoroughly obey all that I have commanded you. Remember also that I will companion you continually until the ending-time of the world.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “And teach them to obey all which I have commanded you. And remember that I am with you always until the end of the world.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “All the words I have told you to do, teach the people to do the same. And know that I will walk with you all the days until the world ends. Amen.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (1 Timothy 1:1)

Following are a number of back-translations of 1 Timothy 1:1:

  • Uma: “This letter is from me Paulus, apostle [messenger] of Kristus Yesus. I became his apostle according to the command of God the King who lifts us from the punishment of our sins, and according to the command of Kristus Yesus, who is our hope.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “This letter is from me, Paul. I was commissioned by Isa Almasi to proclaim his message. I was commissioned by the command of God who is the one who saves/rescues us (incl.) and also by the command of Isa Almasi, the one who is our (incl.) hope/expectation.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “As for you, Timothy, who are like my own son because of your faith in Christ, I am writing to you. I am Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ, which is to say, I am his servant. I was made an apostle by means of the command of God who is the One who delivered us from punishment, and by means of the command of Jesus Christ. He is the one whom we can trust. May God our Father and our Lord Jesus Christ show you kindness and show you mercy and give you a peaceful situation.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “I am Pablo who am an apostle of Cristo Jesus, because that is what was commanded by God who saves us and by Cristo Jesus whom we hope/expect will do all we are waiting for.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Son (term of affection) Timoteo, there-(with-you) is my letter, I who am Pablo who am an apostle of Jesu-Cristo. This apostleship of mine, it was commanded by God the Father who is the source of our salvation, and Cristo Jesus whom we are trusting/relying-on, he being the strength/pledge of our assurance of salvation in the future.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “I am Paul, Jesus Christ’s representative. Those who appointed me are God, the Savior, and the Lord Jesus Christ. And we know that because of Jesus Christ there will be all that we are waiting for.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Acts 2:23)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 2:23:

  • Uma: “That Yesus was offered to you, and you killed him, you offered him to evil people in order that they crucify him. But-in-fact what happened exactly followed the command/plan that God made-certain from-the-first, for God knew from-the-first what must happen.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “God knew beforehand and (it was) from his will that this Isa was delivered into your hands/holding and he had planned this for Isa. And you told/commanded sinful men/people to nail Isa on the post and to kill (him).” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And this Jesus, a person delivered him to you. God already knew about this beforehand because this is what he had foreordained for Jesus. You caused him to be killed by people who do not worship God, and they nailed him to a cross.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “This Jesus, God originally decided that he be-handed-over to you, because that was his plan long-ago and he knew it would be fulfilled. And you had-him-killed, handing-him-over to bad people so they would nail him to the cross.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “But, well, you handed him over to people who don’t acknowledge God, for you caused him to be killed on a cross. But it’s true, this was only the fulfilling of what God determined.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Eastern Highland Otomi: “A long time ago God knew what you did to his Son, and God allowed you to put him on the cross by the hands of the wicked and kill him.”
  • Chuj: “But that Jesus he was given into your hands; because thus it was God’s will it happened. God, he knew it already before, what would come upon Jesus. You, you borrowed the hands of bad people so that you grab Jesus. You put him on a cross. He died because of you.”
  • Isthmus Mixe: “God had appointed that Jesus be handed over to evil people. God had known that Jesus would be murdered. You made up your minds that evil people should nail Jesus to a cross and kill him.”
  • Morelos Nahuatl: “This Jesus God delivered to you because thus God determined before and he knew he was going to do it that way. In the hands of bad men you crucified Jesus and so you killed him.”
  • Teutila Cuicatec: “When he came into your hands, as God established even from former times, you took him prisoner and turned him over into the hands of sinful men. They crucified him and they killed him because that was what you wanted.
  • Coatlán Mixe: “Judas Iscariot delivered this Jesus to you in just the manner which God had planned beforehand. And you grabbed him and killed him when you delivered him to bad people and let them kill him on the cross.
  • Xicotepec De Juárez Totonac: “Jesus was delivered up to men. You had lawless men crucify him. All this was according to God’s plan and foreknowledge.” (source for this and six above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)