The Greek that is translated as “soldier” in English didn’t have a direct equivalent in Enlhet so it was translated with “those that bind us” (source: Jacob Loewen in The Bible Translator 1969, p. 24ff. ) and in Nyongar it is mammarapa-bakadjiny or “men of fighting” (source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang).
back-translation of Luke 7:1-10 in Finnish Sign Language
Following is the back-translation of Luke 7:1-10 from Finnish Sign Language (FiSL). One of the ways that distinguishes FiSL is by an intense way of using a spatial component via a signing space. Click or tap here to see more.
Numbers attached with glosses refer to locations in signing space.
The English text gives a rough back translation of the FiSL behind the glosses.
Luke 7:1
JESUS TELL HUMAN GROUP HEAR>5
Jesus spoke and people listen
READY JESUS GO-1>2 CAPERNAUM INDEX>6
After he had finished Jesus went to Capernaum
(break)
Luke 7:2
ONE SOLDER LEADER OWN>6 SERVANT SICK NEARLY DIE
A servant of a military leader was sick and dying
LEADER INDEX>6 SERVANT PERSON-1 RESPECT
That leader respected his servant
(break)
Luke 7:3
INDEX>6 HEAR>5 JESUS
He heard about Jesus
PERSONx>5 ASK JEW HIGH-POSITION HUMANx-6 BRING-5>1 JESUS
He asked the respected Jewish men to bring Jesus to him
SERVANT PERSON-6 SAVE
to save the servant
(break)
Luke 7:4
JEW HIGH-POSITION HUMANx-6 JESUS MEET>5
The respected Jewish men met Jesus
BEG>5 SAY>5
Begging and asking:
(break)
ASK MALE INDEX>6 NEED OWN>5 HELP
Please, that man needs your help
(break)
Luke 7:5
WE HUMAN GROUP INDEX>6 LOVE
He loves our people
ALSO WE OWN>1 JEW CONGREGATION
For our Jewish congregation
INDEX>6 ALREADY BUILD HOUSE
He has built a house [= synagogue]
(break)
Luke 7:6
JESUS WITH TOGETHER-3>6 HOUSE-6 NEAR-3>6
Jesus approached the house together with others
LEADER SEND-4>5 OWN>6 FEW FRIENDx
The leader sent some of his friends
MEET-4>5
To meet Jesus:
(break)
LEADER INDEX>6 SAY
This leader says:
LORD INDEX>5 TROUBLE CLOSE-5>1 DO-NOT>5
Lord, do not trouble to come to me
Luke 7:7 (no break)
ALSO INDEX>1 CLOSE-1>5 CANNOT
As I did not come to you
(break)
[the rest of the verse moved to the end of verse 8]
Luke 7:8
COMMAND INDEX-h3>1 INDEX>1 OBEY
I am subject to command from above
ALSO SOLDER INDEX>2 INDEX>1 COMMAND INDEX-1>2
And I command solders
INDEX-2 OBEY
And they obey
(break)
OWN-1 SOLDER INDEX-2 INDEX-1 SAY
If I say to this solder of mine:
INDEX-2 GO>2
Go!
COMPLETE LEAVE-1>2
He will leave
INDEX-5 COME-5>1
Or to another: Come!
COMPLETE COME-5>1
He will come
(break)
ALSO SERVANT PERSON-2 INDEX-1 SAY
And if I say to this servant:
DO INDEXx-2
Do this!
COMPLETE DO
He will do it.
(break)
ANDx ALSO OWN>1 SERVANT PERSON-6 INDEX-5 ORDER-5>6
So, please, order this servant of mine
HEAL
And heal him.
(break)
LEADER INDEX-6 WELCOME-6>5
The leader asked Jesus to do this to him
Luke 7:9
JESUS SURPRISE>6
Jesus was surprised
TURN-6>5 HUMAN GROUP
He turned to people
SAY
And said:
LEADER OWN>6 FAITH COMPARE SAME JEW HUMAN GROUP INDEX-1 NEVER SEE-1>d
I have never seen the same faith among Jews than this leader has
(break)
Luke 7:10
FRIEND INDEXx-2 BACK-1>2>1 HOUSE-6 NEAR>6
When the friends returned to the house of the leader
SERVANT PERSON-6 ALREADY HEAL
That servant was already healthy.
Source and further explanation in Signs for words – the possibilities for the literal
translation in Finnish Sign Language by Seppo Sipilä, 2008
complete verse (Luke 7:8)
Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 7:8:
- Nyongar: “I also am a man with a boss. He stands over me but many soldiers sit beneath me. I tell this man, ‘Go!’ and he goes; I say to that man, ‘Come!’ and he comes; and I tell my servant, ‘Do this!’ and he does.'” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
- Uma: “Because me, I am also just a commanded-one, and there are also those whom I command. If for example there is my command to a soldier saying to him: ‘Go!,’ he definitely goes. If I call another soldier, ‘Come here!’ he definitely comes. If I say to my slaves, ‘Do that!’ they definitely do it. So also You (sing.) Father, what you (sing.) say there [where the listener is, but not the speaker], will definitely happen here.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “I know for even I am ruled over by the great ones/the ones higher up and I rule over the soldiers. If I say to one, ‘Go,’ he goes. If I say to another one, ‘Come here,’ he comes. And if I say to my servant, ‘Do this,’ he does it.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “I know, because it’s just like there’s someone who is in charge of me, and there are also soldiers that I’m in charge of and I command the one that he should come to me and he comes. I also send my servant, if I have anything for him to do, and he does it. It’s just the same with you, because what you say will come to pass.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “Because it’s reportedly the same with him that there are higher-ups who give-orders to him and there are also his soldiers to whom he gives-orders. If he tells one, ‘Go,’ he goes, and if he also says to one, ‘Come,’ he comes, and if he also tells his slave, ‘Do this,’ he does it.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tagbanwa: “For I am used to verbal orders, because I also have a boss/leader who gives me orders, and there are soldiers to whom I give orders. If I say to one person, ‘Go,’ he really will go. Well if I say to the next, ‘Come here,’ he truly comes to me. It’s like that too with my servant, if I order him, ‘Do this,’ he truly will do it.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
- Italian (La Sua Parola è Vita): “I too am subject to the authority of my superiors and I myself have authority over my men; I know that if I give an order to any of them or to my servant, they obey me.” (Cotrozzi 2019 explains: “La Sua Parola è Vita quite boldly recasts the verse as indirect speech and generalizes its content to adapt it to Italian ears.”)