priest

The Hebrew, Aramaic, Ge’ez, and Greek that are typically translated as “priest” in English (itself deriving from Latin “presbyter” — “elder”) is often translated with a consideration of existing religious traditions. (Click or tap for details)

Bratcher / Nida (1961) say this:

“However, rather than borrow local names for priests, some of which have unwanted connotations, a number of translations have employed descriptive phrases based on certain functions: (1) those describing a ceremonial activity: Pamona uses tadu, the priestess who recites the litanies in which she describes her journey to the upper or under-world to fetch life-spirit for sick people, animals or plants; Batak Toba uses the Arabic malim, ‘Muslim religious teacher;’ ‘one who presents man’s sacrifice to God’ (Bambara, Eastern Maninkakan), ‘one who presents sacrifices’ (Baoulé, Navajo (Dinė)), ‘one who takes the name of the sacrifice’ (Kpelle, and ‘to make a sacrifice go out’ (Hausa); (2) those describing an intermediary function: ‘one who speaks to God’ (Shipibo-Conibo) and ‘spokesman of the people before God’ (Tabasco Chontal).”

In Obolo it is translated as ogwu ngwugwa or “the one who offers sacrifice” (source: Enene Enene), in Mairasi as agam aevar nevwerai: “religious leader” (source: Enggavoter 2004), in Ignaciano as “blesser, one who does ritual as a practice” (using a generic term rather than the otherwise common Spanish loan word sacerdote) (source: Willis Ott in Notes on Translation 88/1982, p. 18ff.), and in Noongar as yakin-kooranyi or “holy worker” (source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang).

For Guhu-Samane, Ernest Richert (in The Bible Translator, 1965, p. 81ff. ) reports this: “The [local] cult of Poro used to be an all-encompassing religious system that essentially governed all areas of life. (…) For ‘priest’ the term ‘poro father’ would at first seem to be a natural choice. However, several priests of the old cult are still living. Although they no longer function primarily as priests of the old system they still have a substantial influence on the community, and there would be more than a chance that the unqualified term would (in some contexts particularly) be equated with the priest of the poro cult. We learned, then, that the poro fathers would sometimes be called ‘knife men’ in relation to their sacrificial work. The panel was pleased to apply this term to the Jewish priest, and the Christian community has adopted it fully. [Mark 1:44, for instance, now] reads: ‘You must definitely not tell any man of this. But you go show your body to the knife man and do what Moses said about a sacrifice concerning your being healed, and the cause (base of this) will be apparent.'”

For a revision of the 1968 version of the Bible in Khmer Joseph Hong (in: The Bible Translator 1996, 233ff. ) talks about a change in wording for this term:

​​Bau cha r (បូជា‌ចារ្យ) — The use of this new construction meaning “priest” is maintained to translate the Greek word hiereus. The term “mean sang (មាន សង្ឃ)” used in the old version actually means a “Buddhist monk,” and is felt to be theologically misleading. The Khmer considers the Buddhist monk as a “paddy field of merits,” a reserve of merits to be shared with other people. So a Khmer reader would find unthinkable that the mean sang in the Bible killed animals, the gravest sin for a Buddhist; and what a scandal it would be to say that a mean sang was married, had children, and drank wine.

See also idolatrous priests.

complete verse (2 Kings 12:2)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of 2 Kings 12:2:

  • Kupsabiny: “Joash did good matters in relation to God when Jehoiada the one who was the big priest was still teaching him.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “He did good work that was pleasing to the LORD all the years Jehoiada the priest instructed Joash.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “He did right in the sight of the LORD while he lived, for Jehoyada the priest had-taught him.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “All his life, he did what pleased Yahweh, because Jehoiada the priest instructed/taught him.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

Translation commentary on 2 Kings 12:2

Did what was right in the eyes of the LORD is identical with the expression used to describe the behavior of David (1 Kgs 15.5) and Asa (1 Kgs 15.11). But the addition of the words all his days is a new element that emphasizes there was no lapse in his desire to please Yahweh.

Because Jehoiada the priest instructed him: Because renders the Hebrew relative particle. This particle may be understood in several different ways here:

• (1) In combination with the phrase all his days, it may mean “wherein” or “during which time” and the sense will be that Joash did what was pleasing to God only during the time that Jehoiada instructed him. Compare “all the years Jehoiada the priest instructed him” (New International Version; similarly La Bible du Semeur) and “as long as Jehoiada the priest taught him” (New Century Version).

• (2) It may mean “as” and the sense will be that Joash did what was pleasing to God all his life just as Jehoiada instructed him. For the whole verse compare “Joash did what was upright in the eyes of Yahweh all his days, as Jehoiada the priest had taught him” (Hobbs; similarly Revised English Bible).

• (3) Or it may mean “because” and the sense will be that Joash did what was pleasing to God all his life because Jehoiada instructed him. For the whole verse compare “Joash did what was pleasing to the LORD as long as he lived, because the priest Jehoiada guided him” (New American Bible; similarly Revised Standard Version/New Revised Standard Version, Good News Translation, New Living Translation, New Jerusalem Bible, Traduction œcuménique de la Bible, Osty-Trinquet).

As noted at the beginning of this section, the book of 2 Chronicles is more negative in its evaluation of Joash’s rule. But since 2 Kings is positive in its evaluation, the rendering “as” or “because” probably expresses the intended sense.

For Jehoiada the priest, see the comments at 2 Kgs 11.9.

Quoted with permission from Omanson, Roger L. and Ellington, John E. A Handbook on 1-2 Kings, Volume 2. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 2008. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .

SIL Translator’s Notes on 2 Kings 12:2

12:2a And Joash did what was right in the eyes of the LORD

Joash did things that were good in the sight of Yahweh

-or-

Yahweh was pleased with Joash. Joash acted well

12:2b all the days he was instructed by Jehoiada the priest.

all the days/time that the priest Jehoiada was guiding/directing him.

-or-

the whole time that Jehoiada the ⌊official/chief⌋ sacrificer taught him ⌊how to act/behave⌋ .

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