Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 2:23:
Uma: “One time on the worship day, Yesus and his disciples went through a grain-field. While they were going through that grain-field, his disciples picked wheat [gandum] fruit and ate it. [special verb for eating uncooked grain]” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “So-then one Saturday, the day of-no-work of the Yahudi, Isa and his disciples passed-through a field. As his disciples were passing by, they picked-out-the-grains of the fruit of the field.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “That time on a certain Saturday, Jesus and company passed through the fields. That was the day on which God commanded the Jews long ago that no one was allowed to work on that day because it is the day of rest. The disciples were picking the ears of grain.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “There was one Saturday which was the rest-day of the Jews, plural Jesus were walking-through the terraced-fields which were planted with wheat. And his disciples were picking-off the grains and husking-them-with-their-teeth (i.e. to eat).” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “One Day of Rest, the walk of Jesus and his disciples went through a wheat-field. Well as those disciples were walking, they picked heads of wheat and crunched-with-teeth.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
English translation by Michael Pakaluk (2019): “One time he was traveling on the Sabbath through a field of grain. So his disciples started plucking off heads of grain as they made their way through.”
Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 1:13:
Uma: “Forty days he was there. While he was in that field, the King of Evil-ones tempted him. Wild animals were with him, and angels took care of him.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “Forty days (and nights) he was tempted there by the leader of demons. There were also forest animals there but Isa was cared for by the angels.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Jesus stayed there for forty days, and Satan tested him to see if he might sin. And there were also there harmful beasts, but the angels of God came to Jesus and took care of him.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “He stayed there for forty days while-simultaneously also Satanas (Satan) tried-repeatedly to tempt him. There were also fierce animals where he was, but (reassurance particle) there were angels who were helping him.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “Forty days was how long he was there. He was tempted/tested by Satanas as to whether he could-be-caused- by him -to-fall (into sin, fig.). There in that place there were wild animals, but Jesus was being served by angels.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Bariai: “He stayed in that area for a duration of forty days, and Satan was testing him. He was living with the wild animals, and anggelos came and helped him.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
Kupsabiny: “He stayed there for forty days without anything he was eating. Satan tempted him while he was there. When Satan had left, (the) angels of God came and helped him.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
Mairasi: “There at-this-place where there were no other people the Headman-of-the-malevolent-spirits regularly tempted him, there were wild jungle-meat around him, and angels whom Great Above One sent regularly cared for him. He stayed there until finally two complete persons [40 = 2 people = 40 fingers & toes] days.” [For the counting system, see body part tally systems.] (Source Enggavoter 2004)
Shipibo-Conibo: “Then he was where no house is, forty days. While there, Satan wanted to make him do evil. He was also among biting things. Then the word bringers made him eat.” (Source: James Lauriault in The Bible Translator 1951, p. 32ff. )
Balinese: “Forty nights long He was in the barren field, tempted by Sang [‘Sang’ is a personal article that is often attached to the names of persons or powers that are characteristic of the normal, human, every-day world] Satan. There He was in the midst of wild beasts, served by the heavenly messengers.” (Source: J.L. Swellengrebel in The Bible Translator 1950, p. 75ff. )
English translation by Michael Pakaluk (2019): “And he was in the desert for forty days, where he was put to the test by Satan. He faced dangerous animals. And the angels ministered to him.”
Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 2:2:
Uma: “that is why many people assembled wanting to see him. They assembled, with the result that it was crowded in the house, even to the doorway it was full of people. He preached the Word of God to them.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “Many people gathered there to the house where Isa was. Therefore nobody else could fit in/there was no more room for them, even in the doorway. Isa proclaimed God’s word/message to them.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “and they gathered there. They were very many, and because of this there was no longer any room for them even under the eaves near the door. Jesus preached to them the Word of God” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “Right then the many-people gathered there until there was no place for others, even around the doorway. Then as Jesus was preaching the word of God to them,” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “That’s why very many again were the people arriving there, even outside the house having no more room even to stand in. Without anything further, Jesus taught them.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Isthmus Mixe: “Then many people gathered together. The house filled up, even around the door. There Jesus was inside preaching the word.” (Source: B. Moore / G. Turner in Notes on Translation 1967, p. 1ff.)
Kim text for oral translation: “People gathered around him many such that no one found a place to put his foot on the ground, even outside the door. Jesus was announcing the word of God.” (Source: Bayamy Tchande Awakde in The Bible Translator 2025, p. 23ff.)
English translation by Michael Pakaluk (2019): “So many men gathered there that it became impossible to move. There were not even any open spaces around the door. So he was speaking his message to them.”
Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 1:26:
Uma: “That person shook/trembled because of the evil spirit, and he cried out, and the evil spirit that possessed [rode] him came out.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “So-then the man was convulsed by the demon and after the demon had screamed/shouted, he came out from the man.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And immediately the demon caused that man to have convulsions and caused him to scream loudly, and the demon came out of him.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “Whereupon the spirit caused-that man -to-convulse while-simultaneously he made-him -scream, and then he left him.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “That person was again caused to convulse by that evil spirit who was possessing him. And then it cried out as it left his body.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Balinese: “The demon(s) tormented the man so that he jerked, then went out while he (or they) screamed, loudly.” (Source: J.L. Swellengrebel in The Bible Translator 1950, p. 75ff. )
English translation by Michael Pakaluk (2019): “Well, the unclean spirit convulsed him and, producing a tremendous sound, came out of him.”
Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 2:13:
Uma: “After that, Yesus went again to the edge of the lake. Very many people gathered, and he taught them.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “So-then Isa went again to the edge of lake Jalil. The crowds of people gathered there to him and he taught them.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “After this Jesus left there and he went again to the seashore, and many people gathered to him and he taught them.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “Jesus went again to the edge of the lake. In-a-large-group were the people who gathered where he was and he taught them.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “Jesus returned again to the shore of the Lake of Galilea. He was followed by very many people. They were again taught by Jesus.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
English translation by Michael Pakaluk (2019): “So again he went out along the sea. And the entire crowd went out to him. So he taught them.”
Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 1:3:
Uma: “‘He calls in the wilderness [lit., empty field], he says: ‘The Lord is almost come! Prepare ahead-of-time for him his road. Make-flat ahead-of-time the road that he will pass on.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “There is a person calling in the lonely place (wilderness). This is what he says: ‘Soon the Lord/Leader will come/arrive. Make the way smooth where he will pass! Make the way straight which he will follow!'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “He will be in the land where people do not live. And there he will be heard by people who come out to meet him; he will say, ‘The Lord will soon arrive. Clear out the way he will go; straighten out the path he will walk on, which is to say get ready for his coming.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “He will shout/speak-in-a-loud-voice in the place that has no inhabitants saying, ‘Prepare where-the Lord who is coming -will-walk so that the path he-will-walk-on will be good.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “‘There is one calling out in the wilderness (lit. place where-one-could-starve), saying, ‘You (pl.) make a trail for the Lord/Chief. Make-direct and improve/make-properly this which he will walk on.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Shipibo-Conibo: “This is the word of one calling where no house is: Arrange Owner God’s [Lord’s] path for him. Straighten his little paths.” (Source: James Lauriault in The Bible Translator 1951, p. 32ff. )
Balinese: “there is the voice of a man crying in the
barren field thus: ‘Open up a way where the Lord will go, make straight his paths,'” (Source: J.L. Swellengrebel in The Bible Translator 1950, p. 75ff. )
English translation by Michael Pakaluk (2019): “‘A voice of one crying in the desert, ‘Make ready the way of the Lord, make straight his paths!’’),”
Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 1:37:
Uma: “‘Many people are looking for you, Teacher.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “When they had found him, they said to him, ‘There are all those people there looking for you.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “When they found him, they said to him, ‘All the people are looking for you.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “When they found him, they said to him, ‘The many-people are all looking for you (sing.).'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “When they had found Jesus, they said, ‘You are being looked for by everybody.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
