Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 1:5:
Uma: “Many people went to the wilderness [empty field] wanting to hear Yohaness words. There were those from Yerusalem-town and from all the towns Yudea-land. They went to confess their sins, and he baptized them in the Jordan river, a sign of their having repented from their sins.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “So-then many people from the many-places there in Yahudiya and from Awrusalam went to him. They confessed their sins and were baptized by Yahiya in the river/water Jordan.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “The many people went after John. They came from the towns in all the province of Judea, and there were even people who came from the city of Jerusalem. And those people confessed their sins and were baptized by John in the river Jordan.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “The inhabitants of Jerusalem and those-who-resided in all the towns in Judea were going to him. They were confessing their sins and then Juan would baptize them in the Jordan river.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “The people really-all went to him from the towns in the district of Judea, including the taga Jerusalem. They were repenting of their sins and having themselves baptized by Juan in the river Jordan, testifying that they would now drop/give-up sin.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Shipibo-Conibo: “Then all those of Judea land, all the Jerusalem people, they used to go to John. Then he washed them [‘wash’ does not eliminate immersion], at the Jordan stream, when they said: It is true. We have sinned.” (Source: James Lauriault in The Bible Translator 1951, p. 32ff. )
Balinese: “There the whole country of Judea and all the inhabitants of the city of Jerusalem came out to meet Jokanan, and then they were baptized in the river Jarden, while they confessed their sins.” (Source: J.L. Swellengrebel in The Bible Translator 1950, p. 75ff. )
German New Testament translation by Berger / Nord (publ. 1999): “And all the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem streamed out to John into the wilderness. They were baptized by him in the Jordan, and because this would have cleansed them, they were able to confess their sins and ask for forgiveness.”
English translation by Michael Pakaluk (2019): “And so the whole district of Judea, and residents of Jerusalem from every walk of life, came out to him. And they were baptized by him in the Jordan river as they confessed their sins.”
Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 1:39:
Uma: “From there, Yesus and his disciples went carrying the Word of God to all the towns in Galilea-land. He taught in the prayer houses and he expelled demons that had entered/possessed people.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “So-then Isa went to all the places in Jalil. He proclaimed in their prayer-houses and he cast-out demons from the people.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Jesus went to all the villages in the province of Galilee and preached in the churches of the Jews there, and he caused to go away the demons who were afflicting people.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “Then they went-around to all-the-towns in Galilea preaching in their many-synagogues.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “Without anything further, he went all over the whole of Galilea, teaching in the worship-places and driving out evil spirits.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Shipibo-Conibo: “Thus, everywhere in Galilee, he spoke-along the word in their small houses to praise God in, expelling demons all along.” (Source: James Lauriault in The Bible Translator 1951, p. 32ff. )
Balinese: “Then He went preaching in their places of worship. in all the territory of Galilea, and expelling demons.” (Source: J.L. Swellengrebel in The Bible Translator 1950, p. 75ff. )
English translation by Michael Pakaluk (2019): “So he went throughout the whole of Galilee, preaching in the synagogues there, and expelling devils.”
Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 2:26:
Uma: “Yesus said: ‘Have you not read what King Daud did long ago when Abyatar was/became High Priest? When Daud and his friends were hungry and there was nothing for them to eat, he entered into the worship house and ate the bread that was offered/sacrificed to God, and he also distributed it to his companions. According to the customs of our religion, it is only priests who are allowed to eat that bread. But even so, this behavior of Daud was not considered-wrong. ‘” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “He went hep into the house of God and he ate the bread that was placed there given to God. And/but it is forbidden hep by the law to eat that bread, (it is) only for the priests. And Da’ud also gave his companions. But he did not sin in doing that.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And because of that, David went into the House of God and they ate the food which was placed before God, and he let his companions eat it also. Abiathar was the high priest at that time. It was against the law to eat this food because the only ones who would eat that food were the priests.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “He entered the house of God and he took the bread that was offered to God which the law forbids non priests from eating. But he ate it nonetheless and also shared it with his companions. This was done during the period-of-time that Abiatar was Highest Priest.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “Isn’t it so that at the time when Abiatar was Most-important Priest, David entered their worship-place of God and ate the bread which is the thank-offering to God? The law says that only priests are able/acceptable to eat that, but David ate and gave those companions of his some too. But since they were-in-dire-straits, therefore they weren’t rebuked.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
English translation by Michael Pakaluk (2019): “How he entered into the house of God, in the presence of Abiathar, high priest, and he ate the loaves for the offering, which only priests are allowed to eat? He gave them also to the men who were with him.'”
Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 1:16:
Uma: “While he was walking on the edge of Lake Galilea, he saw two men. Their names: Simon with Andreas his relative. At that time they were fishing in the lake with nets, because that was their work.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “So-then, while Isa was walking at the edge of the lake called Jalil, he saw two siblings, Simon and Andariyas fishing-with-a-net (magpokot) there in the lake because they were fishermen.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “One day at that time as Jesus was walking along the shore of the lake of Galilee, he saw Simon and the younger brother of Simon, Andrew, who were netting for fish in the lake, for they were netters.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “On one-occasion when Jesus was walking along the edge of the wide pond/lake (henceforth lake) in Galilea, he saw Simon and Andrew who were siblings who were net-fishing, because that was their work.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “Once when Jesus was walking there on the shore of the Lake of Galilea, he came upon two fisherman brothers, Simon and Andres. They were fishing (with a circular net hand-thrown from the shore).” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Shipibo-Conibo: “Then, edging-along Galilee lake, Jesus saw Simon. He saw Simon’s brother Andrew also. They were cast-netting in the lake. They were fish getters.” (Source: James Lauriault in The Bible Translator 1951, p. 32ff. )
Balinese: While walking at the shore of the lake of Galilea, He met I Simon [I is a personal article referring to regular people] and his brother, I Andreas, whilst they were casting their net in that lake, for both were cast-net-fishers.” (Source: J.L. Swellengrebel in The Bible Translator 1950, p. 75ff. )
English translation by Michael Pakaluk (2019): “And as he was walking along the Sea of Galilee, he saw Simon, and Andrew, the brother of Simon, in the sea casting. (They were fishermen, after all.)”
Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 2:5:
Uma: “Yesus saw the bigness of their faith, he said to the lame person: ‘My child, your (sing.) sins are forgiven!'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “When Isa saw that they really trusted in him, he said to the paralyzed person, ‘Friend, your sins are forgiven.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And Jesus, when he understood that their trust in him was great, he said to the man whose body was paralyzed, he said, ‘Friend, your sins are forgiven.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “When Jesus saw their trust in him, he said to that cripple, ‘Your (sing.) sins are forgiven, friend/fellow.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “When Jesus observed that the belief of those people was big, he said to that sick person, ‘Son, your sins are now forgiven.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Kim text for oral translation: “When Jesus saw the faith of them, he said to the paralysed person, ‘My son, your sins have been forgiven.'” (Source: Bayamy Tchande Awakde in The Bible Translator 2025, p. 23ff.)
English translation by Michael Pakaluk (2019): “So Jesus sees their faith and says to the paralyzed man, ‘Child, your sins are forgiven.'”
Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 1:29:
Uma: “When Yesus his disciples returned from that prayer house, they went to the home of Simon and Andreas. Yakobus and Yohanes also went with them.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “After that, Isa went out of the prayer-house and entered the house of Simon and Andariyas. He was together with Yakub and Yahiya.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Then Jesus and company left the church and went to the house of Simon and Andrew. James and John went also with them.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “When [plural] Jesus came-out of the synagogue, they went-directly to the house of Simon and Andrew. Santiago and Juan went also.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “On their coming out of the worship-place, Jesus and company went to the house of those brothers, Simon and Andres. Their companions in going there were Santiago and Juan.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Shipibo-Conibo: “Just then they went out of the small house to praise God in. Having gone out they went and arrived at the house of Simon and Andrew. James, John with them arrived.” (Source: James Lauriault in The Bible Translator 1951, p. 32ff. )
Balinese: “When they came out of the place of worship. Jesus went in the house of Andreas and Simon, followed by Jakub and Jokanan.” (Source: J.L. Swellengrebel in The Bible Translator 1950, p. 75ff. )
English translation by Michael Pakaluk (2019): “Well, after they left the synagogue, they went directly to Simon and Andrew’s home, with James and John.”
Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 2:16:
Uma: “There also were there several religion teachers who followed the Parisi teaching. When they saw Yesus eating with these people who had evil character, they said saying to his disciples: ‘Why does your teacher eat at-one-time tax collectors and sinner people!'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “There were Pariseo there, teachers of the religious law. When they saw that Isa was eating together with the sinful people and the people collecting taxes, they said to the disciples of Isa, ‘Why does Isa mix in eating with the tax collectors and the other sinful people?'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And there were there also some Pharisees who were teachers of the law. And when they saw that Jesus was eating with these law breakers and tax collectors, they asked the disciples of Jesus, they said, ‘Why is Jesus eating and drinking with these cheating tax collectors and law breakers?'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “When the teachers of the law who were Fariseo (Pharisees) saw that Jesus was eating-with people like those, they said to Jesus’ disciples, ‘Why does he eat-with tax collectors and other sinful people?'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “This was seen by some of the explainers of law who were members of the Pariseo. Therefore they questioned those disciples of Jesus. They said, ‘Why does he join in eating with the money-grabbing official-receivers of payment to the government and those others who don’t fully obey our (incl.) laws?'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
English translation by Michael Pakaluk (2019): “So some scribes who belonged to the party of the Pharisees, when they see that he is eating with public sinners and tax collectors, had a word with his disciples about it: ‘Why does he eat with tax collectors and public sinners?'”
Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 1:6:
Uma: “Yohanes’ clothes were made of a domestic-animal called a camel. His belt was from leather. His food as grasshoppers and honey.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “The clothes of Yahiya were woven camel’s hair and his belt was of leather (lit. cow hide). His food was locusts and honey.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Now this John was shirted in cloth woven of camel’s hair and belted with dried skin. His food was locusts and honey.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “Juan’s clothes were woven of camel hair and his belt was of rawhide. What-he-ate also was locusts and honey (lit. water) of the wild-bee.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “The clothes of Juan were cloth made from the hair/fur of the kamelyo animal, and his belt was made from cow hide. Grasshoppers which are locusts and honey of bees were his food.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Balinese: “The clothes of Jokanan were made of camel’s hair, he had a belt of leather. his food was but locusts and honey of bees who shut out the sun [‘common expression for wild bees’]. ” (Source: J.L. Swellengrebel in The Bible Translator 1950, p. 75ff. )
English translation by Michael Pakaluk (2019): “Well, as for John, he was clothed in camel hair, with a leather belt around his waist. And for food he ate locusts and wild honey.”
