Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Revelation 17:11)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 17:11:

  • Uma: “The animal that lived long ago and no longer is at this time, he is the eighth king. But that eighth king is one of the earlier seven. And in the end that king he will definitely be punished forever.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “And the creature that formerly lived, and is dead now, he will be the eighth king. He is one of those seven kings and he is heading for his final-end.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “The interpretation of the beast who was once alive and is now dead, he is an eighth king who will follow the seven kings. He will be punished in the future in hell.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “That-aforementioned-one which existed previously and doesn’t exist now, he is counted as the eighth king, but he indeed also was one of the seven. Later he will go to his punishment that is forever.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “And well, that monster, who was alive in the past but today is no more, he is the one who is the eighth king. However he is indeed one of those seven. And then when he comes again, he will be taken to the great hardship/punishment which has no ending.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Concerning the terrible animal who was known to have lived before and now it is not known that he is living, this one is the eighth of the rulers to live. He is a companion of the seven rulers before him. But in the end he will be punished.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Acts 26:9)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 26:9:

  • Uma: “‘Long ago I too had many kinds of plans to oppose people who followed this Yesus of Nazaret.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “‘Even I, in the past I was also like they are. I thought-mistakenly that I should try my very best to do everything against those who follow Isa, the man of Nasaret.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And as for me, I supposed long ago that what God wanted me to do was that I should do everything I could so that the faith of anyone in Jesus Christ might be removed.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “‘Even I previously, I thought I should put-forth my efforts (lit. abilities) to oppose those who believed in Jesus from-Nazaret.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “But in the past, like that indeed is how I thought concerning Jesus whom others said had been made alive again. I thought-mistakenly that it was good in God’s sight if I really persevered in opposing the believers in Jesus, that taga Nazaret.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Luke 5:1)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 5:1:

  • Noongar: “A day came and Jesus stood on the shore of Lake Gennesaret. People pushed other people. They came so they could hear the words of God.” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “One time, while Yesus was standing on the edge of lake Genesaret, many people crowded around, they wanted to hear the Word of God.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “One day Isa was standing there at the shore of lake Gennesaret, the people were pressing towards him to hear the word/message of God.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “One day, when Jesus was there on the shore of the lake which is called Gennesaret, there were very many people gathered because they were listening to the word of God which He taught.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “On one-occasion, Jesus was at the shore of the wide pond/lake (root word for flood; henceforth lake) Gennesaret teaching the word of God, and the many-people were crowding-around him because they wanted to hear.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Once Jesus was standing on the shore of the Lake of Genesaret. Many people gathered to him for they wanted to be able to hear the word of God.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Revelation 19:1)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 19:1:

  • Uma: “After that, I heard something like the shouting of many people in heaven. They shouted together, they said: ‘Haleluya! Praise the Lord! For he is the one who gives us salvation [goodness]. He is the God whose life is big and who is powerful.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “After that, I heard something like the voice of great crowds of people speaking loudly there in heaven. They said, ‘Let us (incl.) praise God. He is the only one worthy to be praised. He is powerful and he is the one who set us (incl.) free from our (incl.) sins.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “When that was finished, I heard in heaven a great tumult. It seemed as if many people were talking. They said, ‘Praise God for He is all powerful, He is one who is very famous, He is the Savior.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “When that was finished, I heard a very-loud voice like the voices of extremely many people singing. They said, ‘Let us worship/praise God who is our Lord! Let us acknowledge him who is powerful who saved us and let us make-him -great,” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Next after that, I heard in unison (lit. like made into a single one) the voices of really many many people in heaven. What they were calling out was, ‘Praise our God! Praise him who is our Savior whose praiseworthiness/glory and supernatural-power can’t be equalled.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “After this, there in heaven I heard other words of very many people loudly saying: ‘Let us praise God. Because he is our Saviour. And he is supreme. He has all power.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Acts 27:9)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 27:9:

  • Uma: “Because already much time was past, it was past the big day of the fasting-time of the Yahudi people, and the cold time had almost arrived. Usually at that time all ships must stop, because the blowing of the wins is dangerous/frightening, and the ships no longer travel well. That’s why Paulus warned them not to continue-on, he said:” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Because we (excl.) had been already quite-a-long-time on the way, it was already dangerous if we (excl.) would still continue/proceed, because it was season for strong winds (habagat) already. Paul instructed/warned the people, he said,” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And since we had been traveling for a long time, the bad time for travel had arrived because it was rainy season and it was already dangerous for ships to travel. Therefore Paul advised them, he said,” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Since we (excl.) had been delayed a-long-time on-account-of the wind, it was dangerous to ride in a ship, because it was typhoon-season. So Pablo advised them saying,” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Because the delaying of our voyage was already big, we reached the time when it is dangerous to sail. Proof was, the day of the most important fast had passed already. Therefore Pablo tried-to-arrange-with them. He said,” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

    • Lalana Chinantec: “We got very late. The day passed by when the Israel people are accustomed to making a fast. Therefore it was evident that it had completed the season when people stop walking on the boat trail. The season had arrived when it is very dangerous, therefore Paul spoke, he said to the people what he thought.” (Source: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)

complete verse (Luke 5:33)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 5:33:

  • Noongar: “People said to Jesus, ‘Many days, John’s disciples don’t eat or drink, but pray, and also the disciples of the Pharisees. Only your disciples eat every day.'” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “At that time, there were those who said to Yesus: ‘The followers of Yohanes the Baptizer often fasted and prayed. So also the followers of the Parisi people. But as for your (sing.) followers, they just keep on eating and drinking. Why don’t they fast?'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Then the people said to Isa, ‘The disciples of Yahiya often fast and pray to God. Likewise also the disciples of the Pariseo, but your disciples always just eat and drink.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “There were some people who said to Jesus, ‘As for the disciples of John the Baptist, and the disciples of the Pharisees, they are always praying and fasting so that they might do a good job of worshipping God. But your disciples, they do not fast, but rather every day they eat and they drink.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “There were those who went to say to Jesus, ‘The disciples of Juan, they are often fasting (lit. enduring their hunger) while also they are praying and likewise also the disciples of the Pharisees. But your (sing.) disciples however, they don’t fast. Why?'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “There were some people who said to Jesus, ‘Why is it that as for Juan’s disciples, they always/often fast and pray, the disciples of the Pariseo being like that too, but your disciples don’t? On the contrary every day they are eating and drinking.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Revelation 20:12)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 20:12:

  • Uma: “And I saw dead people, those whose lives were small or big, standing in front of that Chair. People who died drowned in the sea, other people who had died, all the people who were in the place of the dead, they all stood in front of that Chair. And the books were examined. In those books were written the deeds of those dead ones. So, the punishment of all those dead ones was determined/set according to what was written in those books, their punishment according to their deeds. And another book was also opened, called the Book of Life.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Then I saw all the dead, children and adults, of high or low status standing there facing that throne. And then the books were opened including the book for writing the names of the people who are given life without end. Then all the dead were judged each one about/concerning what they had done when they were alive, because everything was written there in the books.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And I saw all the dead, large in status, and small in status, standing before the seat of ruling. Books were opened and also was opened the book where those who are given life were listed. Other books were opened where were written the things people did when they were still alive because they were to be judged because of what they did for it was written in the books.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “I also saw all the dead who were important and unimportant (lit. high and low) standing in front of the ruler. All that came-from Hades the place of the dead were there, as well as all who had died in the ocean (lit. the ocean had taken). The book in which was written the names of those who had life that has no end was opened. The books in which were written what people had done were also opened, and each one was judged according to what he had done which was written in those books.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “And then what followed which I saw next was, all the people who have died, they were standing there in front of that king’s seat. High and low-class, they were all there. As I watched, the rolled-up writings were opened. And then that one was opened in which were written the names of as many as would be given life which is without ending. And then all the people were pronounced judgment upon according to what each had done while still alive which were written in those writings.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “I saw then the dead people there where God was, little and big. The books were opened. And also another book was opened. It is the book which says who all have encountered the new life. These dead people then were judged according to how they had walked. Because concerning all that they had done, all was written in the books.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Acts 27:42)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 27:42:

  • Uma: “From there, the soldiers planned to kill all the prisoners [lit., restrained ones], so that they would not swim to land and straightway escape.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “The soldiers thought/decided that they would kill all the prisoners so that none could swim to the shore and escape.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “The soldiers decided that they would kill the prisoners so that they might not get ashore and run away from the soldiers.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “When that was so, the soldiers wanted to kill the prisoners in order that none would swim to its (the ocean’s) edge to escape.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “When it was now like that, what the soldiers wanted was to kill the prisoners, for maybe, if they could yet get ashore, they would run away.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)