Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Revelation 11:11)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 11:11:

  • Uma: “After those three and half days, there arrived a breath/spirit that gives life from God. That spirit entered into those two witnesses, with the result that they lived again, got up and stood up. All the people who saw them were terrified.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “But when three and a half days are past, they will be brought back to life by God and they will stand up. All who will see them will be very terrified.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And then when the three and a half days were finished, these two preachers, God gave them breath, they were raised from the dead, and they stood up. Everyone who saw this became very much afraid.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “But when the three days and a half were finished, a breath that gives life from God entered them, and they got-up. And those who saw were extremely frightened.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “But when those three and a half days passed, the lives/breaths were again returned by God to those ones who had died. Without anything further, they sat up and at once stood up. Well, the insides quaked of all who saw them.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “But when there had finished the three and a half days of their lying there, these dead persons, God caused that again they lived. All those who saw that they now lived again were very afraid.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Romans 9:5)

Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 9:5:

  • Uma: “They are the descendants of Abraham, Ishak and Yakub, their elders of old that God chose. And at the birth of the Redeemer King to become a man, he too was born from the descendants of the Israel. The Redeemer King, his power is greater than all, he is God that it is proper we should praise forever. Amin!” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “They are the descendants of our (excl.) famous/illustrious forefathers. And Isa Almasi is also their descendant because when-he-was-a-man he was of the Isra’il tribe. God, the one who rules over everything, is worthy to be praised forever. Amin.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “He chose their ancestors long ago, and when Christ, who is the God who controls anything became human, He was born as one of their fellow Jews. May He be praised forever!” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Their ancestors were important (lit. valuable) people long ago. Even the Messiah who is Cristo was a descendant of Jews as concerns his humanity, and he is God who rules over all that exists. May he be praised forever! Amen.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “They are descendants of the ancient Jews. And concerning Christ, when he was born he also was of the Jewish people. And he is himself God who rules all that there is. And he is the one who is praised forever. Amen.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Luke 11:31)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 11:31:

  • Noongar: “When the Judgement Day comes, the Queen of Sheba will stand and accuse the people of today because she travelled from her distant country to hear King Solomon’s wise words, and I tell you, a person stands here who is greater than Solomon.” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “On Kiama Day, the queen from the South will be made to live again together/at-one-time with you who live at this time, and she will point-out your wrongs. Because she walked here from a very far town, he really wanted to hear the words of King Salomo who was very clever/smart. But there is in your midst one whose bigness of life is more than Salomo, but you still do not believe his words.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “When the day comes when God judges mankind the queen of the place Seba of old will go and stand and blame you. For she, she came here from the edge of the world because she wanted to listen to the words of King Sulaiman the man of old who had really deep wisdom. I tell you here with you now is someone who has greater wisdom than Sulaiman but you don’t accept his teaching.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “In the future, on the day when God judges, that queen long ago who came from the town of Sheba, as for you people today, she will scold you because she came from a long distance just to listen to the teaching of King Solomon, who was very wise. And today, there is someone who is greater than Solomon here among you, and you will not receive his teaching.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “When the day of God’s judging all people arrives, in-the-future indeed (prophetic formula), the woman who was queen (Ilo. loan reyna) in Seba back before will stand-up-with (others) to accuse you, because as for her, she went from the farthest country in order to go hear what the wise King Solomon was saying, but I tell you that the one here today is greater than Solomon.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “At the day of judging, you will be rebuked by the woman who reigned in Seba long ago. Because she travelled really very far coming from her land, for she wanted to comprehend the far from ordinary understanding of king Solomon. But today, there is here with you someone who is much more praiseworthy than Solomon, but you don’t want to listen.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Revelation 13:6)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 13:6:

  • Uma: “He began to make himself important [lit., put-ahead himself/his-body], he made himself the same as God, and with his words he reviled/disparaged God with the dwelling-place of God in heaven and all who live in heaven.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “It was only bad what he said about God and about his name and his dwelling-place, that means heaven and about all who live in heaven.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “He is speaking very wicked words in rejection of God which transgressed the dwelling of God in heaven and transgressed also those who live in heaven.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “So he used God’s name which he had no authority to use and meanwhile spoke-evil-of God’s name and of his dwelling-place and likewise also those who live in heaven.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Well what else but he kept on truly insulting God and heaven where God lives, including all there in heaven.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “So he spoke bad things against God. He spoke against his name. He spoke against God’s church and everyone who is in heaven.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Romans 10:4)

Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 10:4:

  • Uma: “But Kristus, he is the fulfillment of the Lord’s Law. Everyone who believes in him becomes straight in God’s sight.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Since Isa Almasi came here the law is no longer the way to God. But that is why we (dual) are considered straight by God because we (dual) trust in Isa Almasi.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “For Christ has made it so that there is no value in obeying the Law. So that as for anybody it is only by believing in Christ that he is considered righteous by God.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “But the truth of it is that Cristo is the ending-place of the law, so all those who believe in him are made-righteous in God’s sight.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Concerning all who believe in Christ, these are the people whose sins are cleared. No longer should people say that first they must do all which the law says and only then they will save their souls.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
  • North Alaskan Inupiatun: “Everyone who believes in Christ has stopped trying to make himself right by obeying God’s law which he gave through Moses. He has been made right by believing in Christ.”
  • Isthmus Zapotec: “Since Christ came, in vain do they follow after some law in order to become good, because now whoever believes Christ shall became good.” (Source for this and above: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)

complete verse (Luke 12:9)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 12:9:

  • Noongar: “But if a person publicly rejects me, the Son of Man will also reject him in front of the angels of God.” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “But whoever denies me to others, I will also deny him in front of God’s angels, I will say: ‘He is not my follower.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “But whoever argues (denies) before people that he does not follow me, I will also argue (deny) before the angels of God that he does not follow me.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And as for the person who says to people that I am not his master, I will also not claim in front of the angels of my Father who is in heaven.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “But the one who says-in-denial in front of many-people that he doesn’t believe in me, that also is what I will say in front of the angels of God.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “But the one who denies me in the presence of the crowd of people, I will also deny him in the presence of the angels of God.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Revelation 14:20)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 14:20:

  • Uma: “So, those grape fruits are pressed outside the village and from that press flows out blood like the flowing of a stream. The distance of its flowing, was about three hundred kilometers. And its depth was almost two meters.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Na, the grapes are squeezed there in the winepress outside the city. What comes out of the winepress is blood like a flood flooding a distance of about three hundred kilometers and its depth is up to a horse’s bit.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And the grape fruit was trampled on in the hole outside the city, and from the hole blood flowed for a distance of three hundred and twenty kilometers. The depth of the blood was a meter and a half.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “What he harvested was squeezed in the squeezing-place of grapes that was at the boundary of the town, and from-that-point, the blood flowed-out for three hundred and twenty kilometers and its depth being up to the neck of a horse.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Because as for as many as don’t acknowledge God, they were then punished outside the city, like what is done to ubas fruit which is crushed so that the juice will flow. For their blood flowed, really flooded till it had spread along some three hundred kilumitru and about one mitru and a half in depth.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “The grapes were pressed outside the city. There where the grapes were pressed, concerning the blood which came out, it was as deep as where the horse’s head is when it is held by reins. The blood spread out going for three hundred kilometers.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Romans 11:15)

Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 11:15:

  • Uma: “For when God discarded the Jews, the way was opened for all people in the world for their connection with God to become good. So even more will be the blessedness of the contents of the world if/when God receives back those Jews. That happening will be like a dead person coming back to life.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Because of God’s turning-his-back-on/rejecting the Yahudi nation, the nations not Yahudi are now reconciled by God (to himself). Na, what is it like if/when God accepts/receives the Yahudi again? Indeed it is very good. It is as if they had died but are alive again.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “For if, when the Jews separated from God, it became possible for God to become one with people who aren’t Jews, how much greater will be the blessing to the people who aren’t Jews when the Jewish people return again to God. How good will be what happens then because at that time, all mankind will be like a dead person raised again to life!” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Because due to God’s turning-away-from them, other people have the opportunity to become friends of God. Therefore it will be even better when/if God receives the Jews again, because the result will be like the living-again of the dead.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “How great it will be when the day comes when again Jews are brought together with God. They were separated from God and then God became friends with people who are not Jews. But now, if the Jews change their hearts and believe in Christ, it will be like they resurrected, having died.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
  • Burmese: “If God’s rejection of them means making friends among the people of the world, then God’s taking possession of them is like resurrection from the dead. Isn’t it?”
  • Lisu: “… won’t receiving of them be resurrection from the dead?”
  • Indonesian (Indonesian Bible Society version of 1985): “… Indeed it is like dead persons become alive again.” (Source for this and two above: Gam Seng Shae in The Bible Translator 1999, p. 227ff. )