Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Luke 3:36)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 3:36:

  • Uma: “Salmon the child of Kenan, Kenan the child of Arpakhsad, Arpakhsad the child of Sem, Sem the child of Nuh, Nuh the child of Lamekh,” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Sela was a son of Kainan, Kainan was a son of Arpaksad, Arpaksad was a son of Sem, Sem was a son of prophet Nu, Nu was a son of Lamek,” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “and Shelah was the son of Cainan, and Cainan was the son of Arphaxad, and Arphaxad was the son of Shem, and Shem was the son of Noah, and Noah was the son of Lamech, and” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Sela also, he was the child of Cainan who was the child of Arfaxad who was the child of Sem who was the child of Noe who was the child of Lamek.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “As for Sala, he was the son of Cainan who was the son of Arfaxad, who in turn was the son of Sem. As for Sem, he was the son of Noe who was the son of Lamec,” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (1 John 1:2)

Following are a number of back-translations of 1 John 1:2:

  • Uma: “The one who gives life, he appeared in this world, and we (excl.) saw [emphatic] him. That’s why we (excl.) make-clear [i.e., explain] to you who he is, and testify that he is the one who gives good life forever. From the first he already was with God the Father, and he appeared to us (excl.).” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “He was shown/revealed in the shape/form of a human/mankind. We (excl.) really saw him therefore we (excl.) witness telling you about the one who gives life which has no end. In the beginning he was there with his Father God, and he was shown/revealed to us (excl.).” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “When this source of life came down here to the earth, we (excl.) saw Him, and because of that we will tell you what we have seen. We will explain to you about the One titled Life Without End. He was the companion of our Father God before, and then He was revealed to us (excl.) here on the earth.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Yes indeed, he who is the source of life, he was made evident to us (excl.). We(excl.) really saw him. That’s why we (excl.) now testify about him, and we (excl.) are now teaching you concerning him who is alive without ending. From long ago, he was already there in the presence of God the Father, and now/today, he has been made evident to us (excl.).” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “This one who gives the new life caused it to be known who he was. And we saw him and now we give our witness that we saw him. Now we tell you that this one who gives the new life has no beginning and has no ending to his life. He was living there where his Father is, but he came here so that we saw him.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
  • Yatzachi Zapotec: “He revealed himself to us and we saw him and we say that he lives eternally. And we proclaim to you (pl.) that he is with our (in) father God and how he revealed himself to us.”
  • Eastern Highland Otomi: “And he the Word who gives the new life showed himself to us in that he became a person. And we saw that he really became a person. So that’s what we are telling you now, that he is the one who was living, and lives now, and will never end. He was living with his Father and later came into the world and showed himself to us.”
  • Tzotzil: “He showed himself that he is the giver of life. We saw him. Therefore we tell you (pl.) what he is like the giver of everlasting life, who was there with our (inclusive) Father God. Afterwards he came and showed himself before us.”
  • Garifuna: “The one who gives life has been shown to us…” (Source for this and three above: John Beekman in Notes on Translation 12, November 1964, p. 1ff.)
  • Candoshi-Shapra: “For life was revealed (made visible). We ourselves saw him. That is what I’m telling you about. Life, the one who exists forever, always dwelt with the Father. That is what I’m telling you about. I’m talking to you about that one who was revealed to us.”
  • Yanesha’: “This, of a truth, we relate to you. Now, of a truth, already it has appeared therein we completely live. We, already we have seen it, we now we reveal about him. Now we relate to you how that not will we be in mortal state, ever. This life completely was where Father was, however, for us, too, completely already it has appeared.”
  • Aguaruna: “God caused us to see (know) that life, and because it was so we are those who saw (know) him. Being so, being those who saw, we tell about him, that one who gives always life, the one who lives with our Father God, that one, concerning him we tell. What God caused us to see, concerning that one I tell.” (Source for this and two above: Mildred Larson in Notes on Translation, July 1965, p. 1-15)

complete verse (Acts 25:21)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 25:21:

  • Uma: “But he requested that his case be taken-up to Kaisar. And he also requested to be guarded until his case was taken-up to Kaisar. That is why I left him jailed until I have opportunity to send him to Kaisar.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “But he wanted to be judged by the Leader King in Roma. He asked to be detained yet and it must be the Leader King ko’ who will cut-off/bring-to-its-conclusion the judgment on his case. So I commanded him to be guarded as long as he is not yet brought to the Leader King.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “However he said that he appealed for investigation to our king in Rome so that the king might be the one to settle this. Therefore I commanded that he not be taken out of the prison until I could send him to the king.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “But he refused. He said that instead (lit. even-if) he would wait for the appeal of his case to the Emperor to that he would be the one to render-a-verdict. Therefore I have had-him -guarded until I have-opportunity to have-him -escorted to the Emperor.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “But he replied that he wanted to appeal to the Impiradur, that he be the one to judge this. Therefore I ordered him to be imprisoned again until I can have him delivered to the Impiradur in Roma.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Luke 4:30)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 4:30:

  • Noongar: “but he went through the middle of the people and he went his way.” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “But instead, Yesus walked between the many people, and went away.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “But Isa passed through the middle of them and left.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “But Jesus just pushed His way through them and left them there.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “But Jesus walked-through the middle of them and left.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “But Jesus went through the middle of that crowd and left.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (1 John 2:24)

Following are a number of back-translations of 1 John 2:24:

  • Uma: “So, as for you, relatives, the news that you have heard from the first you must take-to-heart always. If that news that you have heard from the first you take-to-heart always, you will remain in harmony with God the Child and God the Father.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Therefore really store up in your livers the preaching about Isa Almasi that you have heard when you first trusted in him. If that what you heard remains in your liver, you are really one with God’s Son and also with his Father.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “The doctrine which was taught to you when you first believed must be held tightly by you. For if you hold it tight, it is not possible that you will not always be one with God our (incl.) Father and with his Son Jesus Christ.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Make-firm then in your minds the true teaching that you have been hearing beginning-from when- you -believed. Because if you do that, you will always be in God and in Jesu Cristo his Child,” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Well, as for you, take good care that these words which you heard from the past remain with you. Because if you really take to heart (lit. put away in your heads) this which you heard from the past, therein you can be sure that your fellowship with God the Son and his Father won’t change/move.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Therefore in your hearts dwell upon the words which you heard at first. If in your hearts you dwell upon the words which you first heard, then you will walk with the Son of God, and also you will walk with the Father.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
  • Yatzachi Zapotec: “Think about what you have heard since you began to trust in Christ. If you will do that you will constantly be with our father God and with his son.”
  • Eastern Highland Otomi: “And we, we must plant on our hearts what we heard at the beginning. Because if we plant in our hearts what we heard at the beginning, then habitually we live with the Father and his Son.”
  • Tzotzil: “Therefore all that you heard when you began to believe God’s word, once and for all, put it in your hearts. If once and for all it has arrived in your hearts all that you heard when you began to believe God’s word, thus once and for all you have entered the presence of the Son of God and also the presence of His Father.” (Source for this and two above: John Beekman in Notes on Translation 12, November 1964, p. 1ff.)
  • Candoshi-Shapra: “As for you (plural), keep that very word which you first heard. If you keep that which you first heard, you will keep living (abiding) with the Father, like that you will do. You will keep living (abiding) with the Son also.”
  • Yanesha’: “The words from the beginning, already they have arrived on you in your heart. Let it stay thus. If the words you heard from the beginning, if you reserve them in your heart, then you will be one with his Son and the Father.”
  • Aguaruna: “What you heard at the beginning, that be remembering. Doing so you will live in (at, direction toward) God, and in his Son.” (Source for this and two above: Mildred Larson in Notes on Translation, July 1965, p. 1-15)

complete verse (Acts 26:26)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 26:26:

  • Uma: “As for King Agripa, he also knows all that I said earlier. That is why I dared to speak plainly. For I said/thought, that there was nothing that the King had not-yet known, because all of that which happened did not happen in a hidden-place.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “The king understands these my words,’ Paul said. ‘The reason I have dared to speak to him is, because I am sure that he knows everything that has happened. After all, all these doings were really not hidden/secret.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “You, King Agrippa, I am not hesitant to talk to you because I know that you already know all that I have said to you. It is true that you know these because all these things that happened were not hidden.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “I also know that King Agrippa has already come-to-know all these-things, because they certainly haven’t been kept-hidden. So I know that I can say-directly this that I will say to him.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “All of this is really clear to king Agripa. I am sure that he has kept abreast of (lit. not allowed to be lost to him) these things, for it wasn’t in concealment. That’s why I don’t hesitate to speak in his presence.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Luke 5:18)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 5:18:

  • Noongar: “The Holy Spirit was within Simeon and the Spirit told him that he would not die before he saw the day when the One would come, the One God is Sending.” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “At that time, several people came carrying a lame man in a stretcher. They looked for a way to enter the house wanting to carry their companion to Yesus.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “So-then some people arrived carrying a sick man, his body was dead. They looked for a way to bring him inside and place him before Isa.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Then there came some people carrying a man, who half of his body was dead, and he was lying in a hammock. They tried to get him inside the house so that they might place him in front of Jesus.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “That being so, there were some who arrived carrying-at-either-end a stretcher/hammock on which was lying a cripple (paralitiko). They tried to enter-with-him into the house to place him koma in front of Jesus,” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Just as he was teaching, there arrived some bringing a person who had a paralysed part (lit. part of his body dead). They were forcing to get into the house where Jesus was teaching, for they wanted to lay in his presence that sick one.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (1 John 4:3)

Following are a number of back-translations of 1 John 4:3:

  • Uma: “All people who don’t admit-confess that Yesus is that Redeemer King, they are not children of God. Those people are controlled by the influence/spirit that is from the Enemy of Kristus. You have heard the teaching that says that the Enemy of Kristus will arrive, and at this time he is already in the world.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “But whoever says that Almasi did not come in the body of a human/mankind, that person does not have God’s Spirit. But/instead it is seen in him that he follows the mind of the Opposing Almasi. You have been informed hep that this Opposing Almasi will come and now many people in the world follow the mind of the Opposing Almasi.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “However, if there is a spirit who says that Jesus, the one chosen of God, did not become a human, then that spirit does not come from God, but rather it comes from the enemy of Christ. You have already heard that there have appeared spirits which come from the enemy of Christ, and I tell you that they are now here in the world.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “But if they don’t acknowledge that Jesus is the Cristo who became a person, it is not the Spirit of God who is in them, but rather the thoughts that are the same as the One-who-Opposes Cristo. You have been hearing that he will come and already that which is opposing Cristo is now being taught.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “But as for the one who gives out that Jesus didn’t become a real human, it’s certain that it is not the Espiritu Santo of God who is putting in his mind what he will say. On the contrary, the truth is, it’s the inspiring by this opponent of Cristo, he whom you were told would come. And even now/today, there is opposition like this to Cristo here now in this world.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “But all who say that Jesus Christ did not become a human, then they do not walk with the Holy Spirit, rather it is the word of the enemy of Christ. And you have heard that it will come to be that the words of liars will spread through the earth. And now this word is spreading.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
  • Yatzachi Zapotec: “The person who does not say that Jesus Christ is God and he was born a man on this earth, the Spirit of God is not in his head-heart. He thinks like the person who does contrary to Christ. You have already heard that the person is coming who does contrary to Christ, and now that person is already in this world.”
  • Eastern Highland Otomi: “But whoever says that Jesus Christ is not God’s Chosen-One, and denies that he became a person, but then he doesn’t speak the Word of God. But he received the word of Christ’s enemy. And his word is a lie. We have heard that his word which is a lie was coming to the world, and now it has come.”
  • Tzotzil: “If we say ‘Jesus Christ did not come and take his body here in the world,’ we have not received the Spirit of God for sure. We are of the same mind/heart with the enemy of Christ. You have heard that he is coming. He is already here in the world.” (Source for this and two above: John Beekman in Notes on Translation 12, November 1964, p. 1ff.)
  • Candoshi-Shapra: “The one who says, ‘No,’ about (to) Jesus is surely not of God. He is a false Christ, one of the ones of whom you heard it said they were coming. Right now they are in the world.”
  • Yanesha’: “Whichever does not admit that Jesus was born as a human, this following does not come from the Father. But this is his following, the one who is mad at Christ, the one which you already heard he is to come. Now already he has appeared on this earth.”
  • Aguaruna: “However others, thoughts which are not like that, do not belong to God. Those angry at (opposed to, hating) Christ, other they think. You heard that those will come, those now they have arrived in this world here.” (Source for this and two above: Mildred Larson in Notes on Translation, July 1965, p. 1-15)