Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Romans 13:7)

Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 13:7:

  • Uma: “Give to all people what is appropriate to give them, whether it is tax or other payment. Submit to people whom it is appropriate to submit to. Honor people whom it is appropriate to honor.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Therefore pay what is right to be paid, land tax or any tax, and respect/treat-according-to-custom and honor the ones who rule your land/place.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And because of this, it’s necessary that we pay taxes and the other things that the government asks us to pay. And also let us respect the people in the government, and let’s show our great respect for their rank.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “So let us pay the various-kinds of taxes that we are obligated to pay while at-the-same-time we also properly respect those who rule us.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Concerning all to whom you owe, pay them. Those to whom you owe the taxes, pay your taxes. Respect those who have positions.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
  • Isthmus Zapotec: “Pay everything (or everyone) you owe. Where you owe a hand (that is, a day’s work to help build a house, or town work) give it, and where you owe a tax pay it. Where you owe respect, give it, and where you owe esteem, give esteem.”
  • Teutila Cuicatec: “All authorities who ask taxes of you, pay them, and all officials and authorities respect and love them.” (Source for this and above: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)

complete verse (Luke 13:31)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 13:31:

  • Noongar: “Now that day, a few Pharisees came to Jesus and said to him, ‘You must leave this place and go to another place because Herod wants to kill you.'” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “At that time also, several Parisi people arrived at Yesus and said to him: ‘Go away from here, because King Herodes wants to kill you (sing.).'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Then there were some Pariseo arriving and they said to Isa, ‘Proceed now, for they say that Sultan Herod wants to kill you.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “On that same day there were some Pharisee people who came to Jesus and they said, ‘You keep right on going and don’t you stop in here, in our place, because they say that King Herod wants to kill you.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Right when Jesus had said that, some Pharisees arrived, and they said to Jesus, ‘It would be good if you (sing.) left here, because Herod reportedly wants to have you (sing.) killed.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “And then some Pariseo arrived. They said to Jesus, ‘Leave this place for Herodes is going to cause you to be killed.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Revelation 19:10)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 19:10:

  • Uma: “I lay on my face in front of that angel as-if/ready to worship him, but he said to me: ‘Don’t! Don’t worship me. It is God that you (sing.) worship. Because I am also a servant of God the same as you (sing.) and the same as all your (sing.) relatives of one-confession who confess that Yesus is their Lord. For the main purpose of all foretelling words is: to confess that Yesus is Lord.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Then I prostrated there at his feet to praise him, but he said to me, ‘Don’t prostrate to me. I am just a servant of God as you are and like your brothers who believe-obey the true teaching that Isa made known. God is the only one you must praise.’ The true teaching made known by Isa Almasi, that is also the one made known to the prophets who made-known/spread God’s message.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Then I fell on my face in front of him for I wanted to worship him, however he shouted at me, he said, ‘Don’t worship me because I and you and all of your companions who believe the doctrine which Jesus taught, we are all just the same servants of God. You only worship God!’ The reason he said this was because that which God caused the prophets to speak is the doctrine which Jesus taught.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Upon his saying that, I knelt face-down in front of him to worship him koma. But he said, ‘Don’t! God alone is the one whom you (sing.) are to worship! Because I also am one who serves God just like you (sing.) and your (sing.) brothers who follow the true teaching that Jesus made-known. Because what God’s Spirit caused-the prophets -to-say, it indeed also came-from what Jesus made-known.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “When I heard, I bowed down in front of that one who was speaking to me, for I was going to worship him. But he said to me, ‘Don’t! Don’t do like that. It’s necessary that only God will be worshipped by you. For as for me, I am also his servant like you and like your siblings in believing, those who testify to the teaching which was made known by Jesus. Because that truth which Jesus made known, this is the point/bottom-line of what was said by the prophets.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “I then knelt down before the angel, wanting to worship him. But the angel said to me: ‘No, do not worship me. I am also a worker for God like you are a worker for God, and like other of your brothers who strongly speak the word of Jesus. God alone is whom you must worship,’ he said to me. Whoever works, speaking the word of Jesus, these are the spokesmen for God.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Romans 15:2)

Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 15:2:

  • Uma: “Each of us must do what makes the heart of others happy and what helps others, in order to strengthen their faith.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “But we (incl.) each one (incl.) ought-to please our (incl.) brother who trusts in Isa Almasi and we (incl.) (ought-to) do what is good for him in order that his trusting becomes/grows strong.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “but rather, let’s look for that which will please our (incl.) companions so that their faith might be drawn tight.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “but let us all do what will please our companions which will lead to their betterment and will strengthen their faith.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Each of us must do what our fellow believers look well upon. That which we know will be good for them is what we should do in order to strengthen their faith.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Luke 14:28)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 14:28:

  • Noongar: “If one of you plans to build a very big, tall house, first he will sit and think how much money he will need, and see if he has enough money for building the house.” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “‘If someone wants to build a big house, he sits down first to count-up the cost of building, whether his money will be sufficient or not.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “If any of you (pl.) want to erect a big house, you (pl.) first sit down figuring/calculating as to how much your (pl.) expenses will be so that you (pl.) will know if you (pl.) will be able to meet the expenses until it is finished or not.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “For example, if there’s one of you who’s building a very high house, there at the time before he begins, he calculates the money that he will have to spend so that he might know whether he can afford to set up that house or not.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “‘It is necessary then that you think first about the difficulty of becoming my disciple. For-example, if one of you builds a large house, he first calculates its value whether his money will suffice for what he will spend until it is completed.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “For supposing there is one of you who is planning to build a big house, isn’t it so that he will first count what it will cost him, whether the money he has put away is just right to be able to complete it?” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Noongar: “‘This I will do’, he said to himself, ‘I will break down my grain houses and make bigger houses for keeping everything, my grain and all my other things.” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)

complete verse (Revelation 21:6)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 21:6:

  • Uma: “After that he also said to me: ‘It-is-finished. I am the First and the Last. I am the Beginning and the End. Whoever of you is thirsty, I give water from headwaters that give good life forever. That water I give freely to you, you don’t need to buy it.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “And he said, ‘All is fulfilled. I am the first and I am the last, I am the beginning and I am the end. Whoever is thirsty I will give him drink free (without payment) from the spring of water that gives life without end.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And He said again, ‘All these things have come to pass. As for me, I am the Alpha and Omega, which is to say, the beginning and ending of everything. If anyone is thirsty I will let him drink at the spring which is the source of the water which gives eternal life, and I won’t make him pay.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Then he said, ‘All these-things will be totally fulfilled. I am the one designated as Alfa and Omega, meaning to say, I am the beginning-place and ending-place of everything. I will give the thirsty person free water which comes-from the spring (redundant to say spring of water) that gives life that has no end.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “And what he further said to me was, ‘Today all this has now been fulfilled. For I am the one who was first before all and I indeed am the one who will be at the very end. I am the one who created everything and under my authority is its conclusion/being-finished-with. Whoever is parched, it’s certain I will give him water which is without cost which comes from the spring which gives life.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Again he spoke: ‘Now had happened all which must have happened. I was living when all things began and I will continue to be living forever. It is like the first litter is A and the last letter is Z. And now, all who are thirsty, I will cause there where comes out the water of the new life, they will drink there without paying anything.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Romans 16:1)

Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 16:1:

  • Uma: “With this letter of mine I tell you who Febe is. She is our one-faith relative who helps the followers of the Lord Yesus in the village of Kengkrea.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “I want to introduce to you who are there at Roma Pebe, one female sibling of ours (incl.), because she also trusts Isa Almasi. Her work is to help the ones who trust in Isa in the place/land Kenkerea.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “By means of this letter I introduce to you Phoebe, our (incl.) sister because of believing. She helps the believers in the town of Cenchreae.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “There is a woman companion of ours that I would like to introduce (make-known) to you by means of this letter. She is Febe who serves the congregation at Cenkrea.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Concerning one of our siblings, a woman who is named Phoebe, I want you to know her. This one is one who works in the church which is in the city of Cenchreae.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Luke 15:25)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 15:25:

  • Noongar: “‘While all these things were happening, the first son was outside working. He came back. When he came near the house, he heard singing and dancing,” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “‘At that time, the first-born child was away at the fields/garden. When he returned from the garden, and was close to home, he heard people playing flutes and the sounds of a party.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “‘But his older son was at that time in the field. When he came home and when he was close, he heard playing-of-the-kulintang/gongs and dancing there in their house.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And,’ said Jesus, ‘as for that older brother, he was still in the field. And when he was about to arrive home, he heard the drum and the sound of dancing feet.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “‘But his older-sibling, he was still in the rice-fields. When he was going-home, he heard (people)-dancing,” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “But well, his older son wasn’t there, for he was in the field at that time. When he returned, just as he was near the house, he heard dance music.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)