Language-specific Insights

complete verse (1 Timothy 2:5)

Following are a number of back-translations of 1 Timothy 2:5:

  • Uma: “God is only one, and only one also is the Middleman who causes-to-be-in-harmony God with mankind. That Middleman, he is man[kind] too, he is Kristus Yesus.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “There is only one God and there is also only one who-goes-between God and mankind to reconcile them, he is Isa Almasi our (incl.) fellow human being.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “There is only one God, and there is only one Datu between God and people. And our Datu is the person Jesus Christ.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “He wants that because there is only-one God and only-one also who speaks-with him for all people. He is the person Cristo Jesus.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Because God is one-only, there is no other. And only-one also is the one who has been dedicated/made-sure to stand up for people where God is, only Cristo Jesus who became a man.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “There is only one God. And concerning the one who can bring together God and the people also there is only one person, this one is Jesus Christ.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
  • Mairasi (verses 5 and 6): “Because there is only one Great Above One! Furthermore there is only one Leader of Peace, He is the Person Kristus Yesus. He is the One who lives between people and Great Above One right now. This very One Himself gave Himself as the price for releasing all people from malevolent spirit. Also when the day comes for releasing us He Himself will live as the witness saying: ‘Very definitely I already paid the complete price for this!’” (Source: Enggavoter 2004)

complete verse (Acts 2:47)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 2:47:

  • Uma: “They continued praising God, and all people/crowds were glad about them. Every day the Lord added-to their number; its meaning, every day there were more-and-more people who believed in the Lord Yesus and [lit., until] were lifted from the punishment of their sins.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “They always praised God and all the people respected them. And every day there were people who newly trusted in Isa being added to them by God.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And they praised God and everybody respected them. And everyday at that time there were people who believed. And all of them, God set them free so that they would no longer be punished by him, and those were added to the believers.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “They were praising God continually, and all the people acknowledged-with-respect their good behavior. Every-day also those whom God was saving were joining/being-added to them.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “They were always praising God, and they were highly-spoken-of by people who hadn’t yet believed. Really every day there were those being graced with salvation by God, whom he was adding to those believers.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Lalana Chinantec: “They worshipped God. All of the townspeople spoke well with regard to those people. Every day the Lord made there to be more people who were saved. They joined with the people of Jesus.”
  • Eastern Highland Otomi: “And the believers glorified God and all the people had respect for them and God caused that day by day more believers walked with them.”
  • Chichimeca-Jonaz: “They were telling that God did them good he helped them and they pleased the hearts of all the people. Also always each day he who is Chief gradually was gathering and joining those who were being saved with the others who were already believing and meeting together.”
  • Teutila Cuicatec: “They would praise God and the townspeople respected them. Day by day our Lord God was saving some from among the townspeople and causing them to join them.”
  • Desano: “Thus making God happy and saying that he is good, they lived in peace with the people. God added to the group which was close to him many more whom he was saving well.” (Source for this and four above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)

complete verse (Mark 2:11)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 2:11:

  • Uma: “he said to him: ‘Get up, roll up your (sing.) mat, and go home.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “So-then Isa said to the paralyzed man, ‘Get up, take your bed and go home.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “‘Friend, get up. Pick up your hammock and go home!'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “‘What I am commanding you (sing.) is, get-up, pick up that stretcher of yours (sing.) to go-home.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “‘Stand up now, carry what you are lying on and go home now.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Kim text for oral translation: “‘You, get up, take your bed, go your going home.'” (Source: Bayamy Tchande Awakde in The Bible Translator 2025, p. 23ff.)
  • English translation by Michael Pakaluk (2019): “‘I say to you, get up, take your pallet, and return home!'”

complete verse (1 Timothy 4:6)

Following are a number of back-translations of 1 Timothy 4:6:

  • Uma: “If you teach our one-faith relatives all that, you will be a good worker of Kristus Yesus, and you will strengthen your own heart with the Word of God that we believe and with good teaching that you have long followed.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “So-then, Timoteo, if you teach/preach these things I’ve said to our siblings who trust in Isa Almasi, the way you work for Isa Almasi is good. And your trusting is strong because you really continually follow the message we (dual) believe. You really steadfastly follow/obey the true teaching.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “If you (sing.) teach this to other believers, you will be a faithful servant of Jesus Christ, and your faith will be made firm by means of your studying our (incl.) doctrine and by means of your holding on to the correct things that were taught to you.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “If you (sing.) teach these-things to the companions who believe there (near addressee), your (sing.) serving of Cristo Jesus will be good, and you (sing.) will also show that you (sing.) have utterly understood the truth regarding our faith and the good teaching that you (sing.) have been following.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “You will really become a good servant of Cristo Jesus provided you teach our siblings in believing these things which I am saying to you. And while you are studying all the truth which was taught to you which comes from God, which you’ve been following/obeying all this time, of course you are causing your own believing/obeying to be sturdy.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “If this is the word you teach our brothers, then you are a good worker for Jesus Christ. You must put into your heart this good teaching when you have believed.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Acts 4:6)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 4:6:

  • Uma: “They gathered with the Big Priest Hanas and with Kayafas, Yohanes, Aleksander and with the other relatives of the Big Priest.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Also there were Annas the leader priest, Kayapas and Yahiya, and Iskandal, and there were yet other relatives of the leading priest.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Also there were Annas the high priest, and Caiaphas, and John, and Alexander, and others of the relatives of Annas.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “And they met-with Annas the highest priest and Caifas, Juan, Alexander and their companions who were Annas’ relatives.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Included among them were Anas who was the Most-important Priest, Caifas, Juan, Alejandro and other relatives of Anas.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Mark 3:15)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 3:15:

  • Uma: “And I give you power to expel demons.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “You will have power to cast-out demons.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “He gave them power to drive away the demons who were afflicting people.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “I also will give you authority to cause-evil-spirits -to-leave.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “And he would give them ability to drive out evil spirits.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (1 Timothy 5:22)

Following are a number of back-translations of 1 Timothy 5:22:

  • Uma: “Don’t quickly appoint people to be religion leaders, lest [people] end up being-angry-at/taking-it-out-on you later on if/when they commit sins. Examine first their character, and then put your hands on their pate to appoint them to be a religion leader. Be careful that your own behavior is holy.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Don’t you (sing.) hastily choose a person to become a leader there among you (pl.) the ones who trust in Isa Almasi but observe first his customs. Because if for example the person chosen by you (sing.) sins, including you are implicated in his sin. Be careful/watch out, don’t sin in your deeds and in your thinking/mind.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “It is necessary that you are not in a hurry to choose someone to lead the believers. For if he sins, you are the one who will be blamed. It is necessary that you be blameless in this.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “If there is also one you (sing.) choose to serve Cristo, don’t (sing.) be in a hurry to appoint him. Because if he has a sin while meanwhile you (sing.) appoint him, you (sing.) will of-course be included in his sin. Be-careful/Do-a-good-job therefore in what you (sing.) do so that you (sing.) will distance-yourself from everything that is evil.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Be careful not to put your hands too readily on anyone’s head and pray for him to istall him to-exercize-a-responsibility/job. Rather think well whether he is fit for this responsibility/job. Be careful always that you don’t get involved/implicated in the sins of others. Make sure that you hold fast to being far from sin.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “If you need to appoint someone to lead at the church, do not want to be in a hurry to do so. Wait and first see how that person walks. What if you appoint a person and it is known that he has sin? Do not want that the people will say that you approve of the sin the person has done whom you appoint. You yourself must never commit sin.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Acts 5:1)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 5:1:

  • Uma: “There was also a man named Ananias with his wife who was named Safira. That Ananias also sold his land.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “But there was a certain man named Ananiyas. His wife was Sappira. They had land which he sold,” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And there was a man who was named Ananias. His wife was named Sapphira. He sold their land,” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “But there was also a married-couple Ananias and Safira who sold their land.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “There was a person called Ananias. The name of his wife was Safira. They also sold a piece of their land.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)