Language-specific Insights

fine leather

The Hebrew that is translated as “fine leather” or “badger/porpoise skin” in English is translated in Kutu as ng’hwembe ya mhala or “skins of bushbuck” (for bushbuck, see here ). (Source: Pioneer Bible Translators, project-specific translation notes in Paratext)

In Yao, it is translated as “soft leather of a big sea animal” (source: UBS, project-specific translation notes in Paratext), in Newari as “dolphin skin” (source: Newari Back Translation), in Kupsabiny as “hides of a hippo” (source: Kupsabiny Back Translation), and in Opo as “soft skins” (source: Opo Back Translation).

The English Jewish Orthodox ArtScroll Tanach translation (publ. 2011) transliterates it as tachash-hide. (Source: Zetzsche)

See also fine leather and dugong.

complete verse (Exodus 39:22)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 39:22:

  • Kupsabiny: “Blue cloth was used to prepare the robe.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “They sewed the dress of priest that of wearing inside the ephod with entirely blue and had well woven cloth.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “They also sew/made outer garment/clothing of-the priests. This clothing/garment goes-under the special clothing of-the priests. The clothing-material that they used to sew it (was) pure blue yarn.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “And when it was done, then a man who had great knowledge about weaving cloths took blue cloth and then used it for the long robe of the man of offerings.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “And they sew cloth green/blue for shirt as wise people for clothes sewing do it.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “They made the robe that is to be worn underneath the priest’s sacred apron, using only blue cloth.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 40:11)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 40:11:

  • Kupsabiny: “After that, you also set apart/dedicate the basin and what is stands on.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Anointing the basin and its stand consecrate it.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Sprinkle also the basin and its thing-to-put-upon to dedicate it/this to me.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “And [when] it’s done, then pour out that oil onto the dish for water together with its table, and so put my mark of ownership on it in order for it to be my own.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “you (sing., imp.) also anoint water jar big [body] with its stand, in order that you (sing., imp.) consecrate it.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “Also anoint the washbasin and its base, to set it apart.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 2:10)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 2:10:

  • Kupsabiny: “When she (mother of Moses) had weaned the boy, (she) returned (him) to go to where the girl/daughter of the ruler/king was, to become her child. The girl of the ruler said that, ‘This boy will be called Moses because I picked him out of water.’” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “When the child grew older, she brought him to Pharaoh’s daughter. Pharaoh’s daughter accepted him as her own son. Then she said, ‘I drew him out of the water’ and thus she named him Moses.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “When the child was- now -weaned, his mother brought him to the princess, and the princess considered him as her child. The princess named the child Moises, for she said, ‘I took- him -out of the water.’” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “And the child grew somewhat big, and so his mother took him to the daughter of the great chief, and so he became like her child. And so she called his name Moses because she said, ‘I pulled him up out of the water.’” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “When child had grown, she took him for daughter of king of Egypt, and he take place be son. She called him Moses, because she say «I brought him here out from belly of water.»” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “A few years later/when the child/I grew older, she brought him/me to the king’s daughter. She adopted him/me as though I was her own son. She named him/me Moses, which sounds like the Hebrew words ‘pull out’, because she said ‘I pulled him out of the water.’” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 3:17)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 3:17:

  • Kupsabiny: “It has reached the point where I have thought/decided to migrate you taking you out of this suffering in Egypt. I will take/bring you to a land of milk and honey where the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites and Jebusites live.’ ’” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “And I have decided to rescue you from the Egyptians and take you to the country of Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites and Jebusites where milk and honey flow.’’” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “I promise to-cause- you (plur.) -to-come-out from Egipto where you (plur.) are-suffering, and to-bring/take you (plur.) to the land of Canaanhon, Hithanon, Amornon, Periznon, Hivhanon, and Jebusnon — the good and fruitful land.’” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “And I promise to save you from the bad experiences at the hands of the Isip people. And so I will bring you so that you go to the land of the Kenan people and the It and the Amor and the Peres and the Ivi and the Iebus. This land is good and has rich [soil] and so honey and bulmakao’s milk is coming forth in it.’” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “now I swear that I will take away you out from poverty your in Egypt, I will take you to land of Canaanites, and Hittites, and Amorites, and Perizzites, and Hivites, and Jebusites. That place, be place which honey and milk runs there.» › »” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “I promise that I will rescue you from being oppressed in Egypt, and I will take you to the land where the descendants of Canaan, Heth, Amor, Periz, Hiv, and Jebus live. It is a land good for raising livestock and growing crops.’’” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 4:27)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 4:27:

  • Kupsabiny: “God had told Aaron that, ‘Go and meet Moses in the wilderness.’ Aaron went and met with Moses at the hill/mountain of God, and they embraced (kissed) each other.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “The Lord had said to Aaron, "God into the desert to meet Moses." Then he went up the mountain of God and meeting him they embraced each other.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Now, the LORD said to Aaron, ‘Go and meet Moises in the remote-place.’ So he met Moises on the Mountain of God and kissed-(him) as a sign of greeting.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “And the Chief spoke to Aron like this, ‘You go to the desolate area and then meet up with Moses.’ Therefore he went and met Moses at the mountain of God. He saw him and them kissed his cheek.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “And The Lord said to Aaron «go wilderness, that you might go meet with Moses.» Therefore, they went met with Moses on mountain which be different for God, greeted him kissed him mouth.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “Yahweh said to Aaron, ‘Go into the desert to meet/see Moses!’ So he went there from Egypt and met him/me at Sinai, the mountain dedicated to God, and greeted him/me by kissing him/me on the cheek.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 6:5)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 6:5:

  • Kupsabiny: “I have heard the cry of the people of Israel, because they are slaves in Egypt. I am going to fulfill what I promised to them through my covenant.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Moreover, I have heard the groaning of the Israelites being enslaved by the Egyptians and I have remembered my covenant.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “I have-heard the groanings of the Israelinhon who are-enslaved by the Egiptohanon, and I remember my agreement with them.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “And today the Isip people are making my people Israel to toil, and so they are moaning in their pain. But I heard their crying indeed. And so today I remembered my true decision/agreement which I struck with their ancestors.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “Additionally, I heard groaning of people of Israel when Egyptians were doing evil as slave, and I remembered word of my agreement.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “Furthermore, I have heard the Israeli people as they were groaning because of the hard work that the Egyptians forced them to do as their slaves. I have thought about that solemn promise that I made.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 7:7)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 7:7:

  • Kupsabiny: “Moses was then eighty years and Aaron was eighty-three years.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “When they went to speak to Pharaoh Moses was 80 years old and Aaron 83 years old.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Moises was 80 years old and Aaron was 83 when they spoke-together with the king of Egipto.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “In the day that the two of them went and talked to the great chief of the Isip people, Moses’ years were eighty, and Aron’s years were eighty-three.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “In year which they went spoke with king of Egypt, Moses had years which be 80, and Aaron had years which be 83.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “At that time, Moses/I was 80 years old, and Aaron was 83 years old.” (Source: Translation for Translators)