Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Acts 22:20)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 22:20:

  • Uma: “So also, when your (sing.) witness Stefanus was killed, I was also there rejoicing that he was killed, and I was the one who watched the clothes of those who killed him.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “And when the people killed Estepan, your witness, I was also there agreeing to that their deed and I was yet the one who watched over the clothes of the people who killed him.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And when they killed Stephen, that person who did not cherish his life here on the earth because of you, I was there because I agreed also to his being killed. I am the one whom the ones who killed him had watched their shirts.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “They also know that I was made-happy at their killing of Esteban who confirmed-concerning you (sing.), because I was there guarding the clothes of the ones-who-killed-him,’ I said to the Lord.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “And that killing of Esteban, your testifier, I was indeed there for I was also one of those agreeing with that sentence of theirs which was death. I also was the one who took care of the clothes of those who killed him.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Lalana Chinantec: “‘When the blood of Stephen your witness poured out, I was standing alongside watching. They were doing well, they were doing the right thing, I thought back then. I guarded the clothes of the people who killed Stephen.’ That’s what I told the Lord.” (Source: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)

complete verse (Acts 2:47)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 2:47:

  • Uma: “They continued praising God, and all people/crowds were glad about them. Every day the Lord added-to their number; its meaning, every day there were more-and-more people who believed in the Lord Yesus and [lit., until] were lifted from the punishment of their sins.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “They always praised God and all the people respected them. And every day there were people who newly trusted in Isa being added to them by God.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And they praised God and everybody respected them. And everyday at that time there were people who believed. And all of them, God set them free so that they would no longer be punished by him, and those were added to the believers.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “They were praising God continually, and all the people acknowledged-with-respect their good behavior. Every-day also those whom God was saving were joining/being-added to them.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “They were always praising God, and they were highly-spoken-of by people who hadn’t yet believed. Really every day there were those being graced with salvation by God, whom he was adding to those believers.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Lalana Chinantec: “They worshipped God. All of the townspeople spoke well with regard to those people. Every day the Lord made there to be more people who were saved. They joined with the people of Jesus.”
  • Eastern Highland Otomi: “And the believers glorified God and all the people had respect for them and God caused that day by day more believers walked with them.”
  • Chichimeca-Jonaz: “They were telling that God did them good he helped them and they pleased the hearts of all the people. Also always each day he who is Chief gradually was gathering and joining those who were being saved with the others who were already believing and meeting together.”
  • Teutila Cuicatec: “They would praise God and the townspeople respected them. Day by day our Lord God was saving some from among the townspeople and causing them to join them.”
  • Desano: “Thus making God happy and saying that he is good, they lived in peace with the people. God added to the group which was close to him many more whom he was saving well.” (Source for this and four above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)

complete verse (John 1:33)

Following are a number of back-translations of John 1:33:

  • Yatzachi Zapotec: “I wouldn’t have realized who he was, but God, the person who sent me to baptize said to me, ‘You will see my Spirit come down where the person is who will cause my Spirit to be in your hearts to rule you.'”
  • Huehuetla Tepehua: ” . . . ‘You will see the Holy Spirit who will come down from heaven. The Holy Spirit will come to rest on a man. He is the one who will send the Holy Spirit to people, as if to say, he will baptize with the Holy Spirit instead of water.'”
  • Lalana Chinantec: “I didn’t know who he was at first, but the one who sent me said to me: ‘You are going to see the Great Spirit descend on a person. The Great Spirit will remain on him. He is the one who will cause my Great Spirit to enter into people’s hearts. That’s how he will baptize people.’ That’s what he told me.” (Source for this and above: M. Larson / B. Moore in Notes on Translation February 1970, p. 1-125.)
  • Uma: “There is also this testimony of Yohanes. He said: ‘At first I did not know that Yesus was the Redeemer King. But God ordered me to baptize people with water, and he said to me like this: ‘If you (sing.) should see the Holy Spirit come-down and land on a person, He will be the one who will baptize people with the Holy Spirit.’ So, I did see the Holy Spirit come-down from heaven in-the-shape-of a dove, land and come-to-rest on Yesus. That is why these are my words: Yesus, He is the Child of God.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “I did not yet know him, but God who told me to bathe the people with water told me, he said, ‘When you see the Holy Spirit come down going to a certain person and remaining there with him, he is the one who will bathe mankind in a different way, he will send to them the Holy Spirit.’ ‘ Then Yahiya testified about Isa, he said, ‘I really saw the Holy Spirit come down from the sky like the shape of a dove alighting and remaining with Isa.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And at first,’ said John, ‘I did not yet know that he was the prophesied king, but God who is the one who sent me that I might baptize by means of water, he told me beforehand, he said, ‘If you see a person upon whom the Holy Spirit comes down and doesn’t leave him, this is the person who will baptize with the Holy Spirit.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Previously, I-say, I didn’t know him. But then the one who sent me to go baptize-with water, he said, ‘The one whom you (sing.) see on-whom-my-Spirit -alights and remains, it is he who will baptize-with the Holy Spirit.’ And so it was that I saw the Holy Spirit like a pigeon/dove who came-down from heaven and stayed with/in him.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “I didn’t know that he was the one. But God who sent me to baptize in water, he’s the one who said to me, ‘You will see the Espiritu Santo who will descend on a person and enter-to-indwell him. Well, that one, that person is the one who will baptize, the Espiritu Santo being what he baptizes with.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Until then I did not know who was the Christ. But when I was sent to baptize with water, God told me, ‘That man you see that the Holy Spirit arrives upon, he is that one who will cause that the people will be empowered by the Holy Spirit.'” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Acts 7:26)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 7:26:

  • Uma: “‘The next day he also saw two men fighting, both Israel people. So, because he wanted to make them at peace, that’s why he said to them: ‘Why are you fighting, you who are relatives?'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “The next morning, he saw two people of Isra’il having a fist fight. He wanted to reconcile them. ‘Friends,’ he said, ‘you are equally of the tribe of Isra’il. Why do you beat/inflict-pain-on one another?'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And the next day Moses returned, and he saw two Jews who were fighting. He wanted to settle the problem between the two, and he said, ‘Brothers, don’t fight because you are brethren.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “When it was the next day (lit. again light), he came-upon two descendants of Israel who were fighting, and he tried to stop-them -fighting saying, ‘Companions, how-come you are hurting-one-another? You are brothers after-all!'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Next day, he saw two of his own people who were fighting. He approached them to stop (them), so that they would settle-their-differences. He said, ‘Expl.! Don’t fight for you are of one blood.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Lalana Chinantec: “It was on a previous day that that happened that Moses went again to see his companions. He met two of his companions who were there fighting. Moses wanted them no longer to fight. He told his companions, ‘You’re of the same type, why are you mistreating your companion?’ That’s what Moses said.”
  • Morelos Nahuatl: “The next day Moses found two Israelites fighting. He wanted to stop them. He said to them, ‘Listen. You are brothers. Why are you fighting?'” (Source for this and above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)