to the pure all things are pure

The Greek that is translated as “to the pure all things are pure” in English is translated in Tenango Otomi as “it cannot be said of those who have good hearts that only by touching things their hearts are spoiled” and in Isthmus Mixe as “He whose heart and soul are clean, if he touches something which they say isn’t clean, his heart and soul truly won’t be ruined.” (Source: John Beekman & Harwood Hess in Notes on Translation, March 1963, p. 1ff.)

mind

The Greek that is typically translated as “mind” in English is translated in Warao as obojona, a term that “includes the concepts of consciousness, will, attitude, attention and a few other miscellaneous notions.” (Source: Henry Osborn in The Bible Translator 1969, p. 74ff. )

In Elhomwe it is often translated as “heart,” “because all thoughts come from heart in Elhomwe thought.” (Source: project-specific translation notes in Paratext)

See other occurrences of Obojona in the Warao New Testament.

to the corrupt and unbelieving nothing is pure

The Greek that is translated as “to the corrupt and unbelieving nothing is pure” in English is translated in Sayula Popolucaas “but nothing is clean to those who think evil and who don’t believe,” in Tabasco Chontal as “those whose hearts are not washed and those who don’t believe, nothing falls good to their minds that God made,” and in Ojitlán Chinantec but everything is evil to those who have become contaminated, unbelieving.” (Source: John Beekman & Harwood Hess in Notes on Translation, March 1963, p. 1ff.)

conscience

The Hebrew and Greek that is rendered in English as “conscience” is translated into Aari as “our thoughts speak to us,” in Nuer it is “the knowledge of their heart” (source: Jan Sterk), in Cheke Holo “to know what is straight and what is wrong” (source: Carl Gross), in Chokwe “law of the heart” (source D.B. Long in The Bible Translator 1953, p. 135ff. ), in Toraja-Sa’dan penaa ma’pakilala or “the admonishing within” (source: H. van der Veen in The Bible Translator 1950, p. 21 ff. ), in Yatzachi Zapotec as “head-hearts,” in Tzeltal as “hearts” (source: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.), in Enlhet as “innermost,” in Northern Emberá as “thinking” (source: Jacob Loewen in The Bible Translator 1975, p. 201ff. ), and in Elhomwe as “what reminds the heart” or “whole heart” (“since the idea of conscience is something that reminds the heart”) (source: project-specific translation notes in Paratext).

In Warao it is translated with obojona, a term that “includes the concepts of consciousness, will, attitude, attention and a few other miscellaneous notions” (source: Henry Osborn in The Bible Translator 1969, p. 74ff. ). See other occurrences of Obojona in the Warao New Testament.

In Mbudum it is translated as “the heart that does not leap.” (Source: Ervais Fotso Noumsi in Le Sycomore, 16/1, 2022 )

See also conscience seared and perfect conscience / clear conscience, clear conscience towards God and all people, and brothers, up to this day I have lived my life with a clear conscience before God.

complete verse (Titus 1:15)

Following are a number of back-translations of Titus 1:15:

  • Uma: “For people whose hearts are pure, there is nothing that is taboo/forbidden. But people whose hearts are evil and who do not believe, nothing is holy, for their thoughts are crooked to-start-with, and their evil behavior has become habitual [lit., has-become-flesh], until they no longer feel/are-aware that they are wrong.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “If a person has a clean/holy liver even whatever, it is clean/holy to him. But to a person whose liver is not clean/holy and he does not yet trust in Isa Almasi, there is nothing clean/holy to him because there is evil/bad in his liver and his thoughts and he cannot distinguish good and bad.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “If there is a person whom God has cleansed, nothing can make him filthy. But if there is a person whom God has not cleansed, there is no other way for him to be cleansed. For he will not believe and his mind and breath are wicked.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “As for the person whose mind is clean, his considering of everything is also clean, but as for the one whose mind is filthy who doesn’t believe, everything is filthy to him, because his mind has already become-filthy and he is not able-to-distinguish good and evil.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “The person whose sin has been erased by God and whose nature/ways have been made new, there’s nothing he avoids/taboos now like food, for he’s aware that everything is good. But to the person who is evil who doesn’t believe in God, it’s like there is nothing he regards as good, because it’s like everything has been contaminated by the evil of his mind/inner-being which no longer can recognize good or not.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “The person who has a good heart, just by touching something it cannot be said that therefore his heart has been spoiled. But concerning those who have evil hearts, and are not believers, in nothing will they find what is good. Because now their thoughts are evil and they do not feel sad when they do evil.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

Translation commentary on Titus 1:15

Here we are given yet another clue as to the heresy that Titus is confronted with in Crete, and that has to do with confusing moral purity with ritual purity, and teaching that moral purity can be achieved through strict adherence to rules, particularly concerning food. In contrast to this, Paul stresses that ritual purity is dependent on moral purity and not the other way around. The situation being described here is once again similar to that of 1 Timothy; in fact the present passage has some similarities with 1 Tim 4.1-5.

For pure see 1 Tim 1.5. The first pure (in the pure) is used here in a moral sense, whereas the second pure (in all things are pure) is used in a ritual sense; in other words, all things are ritually pure to those who are morally pure. All things may be understood in a general way to include everything; it is possible, however, that what is in focus here is food (compare 1 Tim 4.3-4, where “all things” is also used in connection with food). Another translation model for To the pure all things are pure is “For those people who have a heart (or, mind) that has no sinful thoughts, all things are ritually pure.”

Corrupt translates a participle that means “defiled” either morally or ritually; in the present context moral defilement is in focus. The verb at the end of the verse, are corrupted, is in the perfect tense, which means that the defilement happened sometime in the past, but its effects are still apparent up to the present, so much so that the person affected is in a state of moral filthiness. In many languages one may express the corrupt as “people with dirty (or, filthy) minds.”

For unbelieving see 1 Tim 5.8. Nothing is ritually pure to people who are not Christians and to people who live morally filthy lives, whether they are Christians or not. On the other hand, everything is ritually pure to those who are morally pure.

The last part of the verse describes further the corrupt situation of the heretical teachers and at the same time explains why to them nothing is ritually pure, and that is, because both their minds and their consciences have been defiled as well. For minds see 1 Tim 6.5. For consciences see 1 Tim 1.5. These two elements refer both to the thinking process and moral standards of these heretical teachers; since these have been defiled, that is, made impure and filthy by sin, their very lives are adversely affected as well. Another translation model is:

• “For what has been defiled (or, become completely dirty) for such a person is both the mind and the heart, which distinguishes between right and wrong.”

An alternative translation model for this verse is:

• For those people who have a heart (or, mind) that has no sinful thoughts, everything is ritually pure. But for those people who have dirty minds and do not believe in Christ, both their minds and their hearts that distinguish between right and wrong (or, consciences) have become completely filthy.

Quoted with permission from Arichea, Daniel C. and Hatton, Howard A. A Handbook on Paul’s Letter to Titus. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1995. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .

SIL Translator's Notes on Titus 1:15

1:15a

To the pure, all things are pure: In this verse part Paul used the word pure in two ways. First it refers to people who are morally and spiritually pure. Then in the second occurrence it refers to objects that are ritually pure and acceptable for use by God’s people.

Here are some other ways to translate this verse part:

If someone is clean and good inside, everything is clean and good for them to enjoy. (Easy English Bible)
-or-
Everything is pure for someone whose heart is pure. (Contemporary English Version)
-or-
All things are ritually clean to those who are clean/pure in heart.

To the pure: The phrase the pure refers to people who are spiritually and morally clean because they have been cleansed by God through their faith in Jesus. Here are some other ways to translate this phrase:

To people who are pure (New International Reader’s Version)
-or-
To those who are pure/clean in their heart/spirit

all things are pure: This clause indicates that all things that God has made are good and there is nothing inherently wrong in them. Paul was probably thinking of Jesus’ teaching that his disciples need not obey the Jewish food laws about clean and unclean foods. See Romans 14:20b. See also 1 Timothy 4:3-4. Paul was not saying that all actions are pure and right. Here are some other ways to translate this clause:

all created things/objects are clean
-or-
all food items are ritually pure

1:15b

but to the defiled and unbelieving: The phrase the defiled refers to people who are not pure, people who have bad morals. It is the same group of people as those who are unbelieving. Here are some other ways to translate these words:

but to those who are corrupt and unbelieving (NET Bible)
-or-
to corrupt unbelievers (God’s Word)
-or-
but…to those who are defiled and unbelieving (Good News Bible)

and unbelieving: This implies that these are people who do not believe in Jesus and the gospel.

nothing is pure: This is the opposite of “all things are pure” in 1:15a. Paul was probably implying that these people defiled everything they touched. Because they were not pure in heart, they could offer nothing that was acceptable to God.

1:15c

Indeed: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as Indeed here introduces a stronger additional statement. Here are some other ways to translate this:

In fact
-or-
Truly

both their minds and their consciences are defiled: This clause explains “the defiled” in 1:15b. The meaning of these people being defiled is emphasized because it is repeated here.

Here are some other ways to translate this clause:

their minds and their sense of what is right and wrong are twisted (New International Reader’s Version)
-or-
Both their minds and their consciences have been ruined. (New Century Version)

their minds: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as minds refers to a person’s thinking, intellect, or understanding.

consciences: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as consciences refers to the aspect of a person’s thinking that causes him to feel ashamed or guilty when he does something wrong. It refers to how a person judges or evaluates his own deeds and behavior, approving or disapproving what he has done.

Here are some other ways to translate this word:

their assessment/evaluation of their deeds
-or-
their sense of what is right and wrong (New International Reader’s Version)

© 2000 by SIL International®

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All Scripture quotations in this publication, unless otherwise indicated, are from The Holy Bible, Berean Standard Bible. BSB is produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee.

Commentaire sur la traduction de Tite 1.15

Paul aborde un nouveau thème, celui de la pureté. Ceci implique que les faux enseignements traitent certaines questions de pureté rituelle, une notion très importante pour les Juifs. En grec il n’y a pas de mot qui signale la transition ici, mais beaucoup de versions commencent un nouveau paragraphe. Paul évoque certaines vérités générales ici avant de continuer sa description des faux enseignants (Tite 1.16).

Tout est pur pour ceux qui sont purs : il est possible que Paul cite ici un dicton utilisé par ceux qui l’opposent. Dans ce cas, on pourrait ajouter une expression telle que « c’est vrai » ou « certes », pour signaler le dicton et préparer le contraste qui suit. Dans des contextes similaires (1 Cor 6.12 ; 10.23), la Bible en français courant utilise des guillemets et ajoute « dit-on ». Mais, ici, à l’exception de la La Bible du Semeur, peu de versions optent pour cette solution. Dans le cas contraire, ces propos proviendraient directement de Paul.

Ces propos rejoignent ceux de Jésus en Marc 7.14ss. Tout pourrait renvoyer à la nourriture ou à certaines activités. Nous savons que très tôt dans l’Église, certaines tendances émergeaient, qui déclaraient, par exemple, que le mariage était quelque chose de négatif. Certains croyants voulaient de plus suivre tous les rites juifs en ce concerne la pureté, les sacrifices et la nourriture.

Le mot καθαρός katharos, pur posera des problèmes dans de nombreuses langues. Dans cette première phrase, le mot parle probablement de pureté rituelle, mais plus tard, il a peut-être un sens plus large, parlant de la pureté morale et spirituelle. Pur ici est l’opposé de souillé. Les traducteurs devraient réfléchir sur la traduction de ce terme clé qui figure souvent dans les deux testaments. Certaines langues vont utiliser des mots comme « propres » et « sales » au sens figuré pour parler des notions de pureté et impureté rituelle ou morale. Voir 1 Tim 1.5.

Mais pour ceux qui sont souillés et refusent de croire, rien n’est pur. La conjonction δέ de introduit un contraste ici.

ceux qui sont souillés et qui refusent de croire : les deux expressions semblent décrire un seul groupe de personnes, et non deux. Mais la combinaison soulève des questions intéressantes sur le sens. Normalement les gens se souillent en mangeant ou en faisant quelque chose qui est défendu par la loi. Mais ici le mot souillé est lié au mot ἄπιστος apistos, « non croyant », « incroyant » (Bible en français courant), « qui n’ont pas la foi » (Bible de Jérusalem), un sens assez étonnant s’il s’agit de Juifs convertis. Pour « non croyant », voir 1 Tim 5.8. La La Bible du Semeur parle des « incrédules ».

souillés… souillées : dans ces deux cas, le temps parfait des verbes indique un état d’une certaine durée. Mais la Bible en français courant et la Parole de Vie se contentent de dire « impurs ».

rien n’est pur : encore une fois Paul ne spécifie pas de quoi il s’agit. Les traducteurs devraient garder la nature générale du texte. Dans certaines langues, ce serait « rien n’est propre à leurs yeux ».

au contraire, leur intelligence et leur conscience sont souillées : au contraire rend la conjonction ἀλλά alla, qui exprime ici un contraste fort.

leur intelligence et leur conscience sont souillées : Paul utilise souvent les mots intelligence (1 Tim 6.5 ; 2 Tim 3.8) et conscience (1 Tim 1.5,19 ; 3.9 ; 4.2 ; 2 Tim 1.3) dans les lettres pastorales. Il est difficile de savoir s’il veut mettre ici en relief une différence entre ces deux termes ou s’il les voit comme un ensemble.

L’intelligence peut être liée aux pensées ou à l’esprit d’une personne, tandis que la conscience concerne son jugement ou discernement de ce qui est bon ou mauvais. Les traducteurs devraient utiliser un ou deux termes qui renvoient à ces aspects intérieurs d’une personne.

Paul essaie de mettre en exergue le fait que si une personne n’est pas en relation avec Dieu, la purification rituelle ne sert à rien.

Source: Zogbo, Lynell & Ellingworth, Paul La lettre à Tite – Manuel de traduction – Commentaire linguistique et exégétique de la Bible. Alliance biblique universelle, 2021.