family / clan / house

The Hebrew terms that are translated as “family” or “clan” or “house” or similar in English are all translated in Kwere as ng’holo or “clan.” (Source: Pioneer Bible Translators, project-specific translation notes in Paratext)

In the English translation by Goldingay (2018) it is translated as “kin-group.”

See also tribe.

priest

The Hebrew, Aramaic, Ge’ez, and Greek that are typically translated as “priest” in English (itself deriving from Latin “presbyter” — “elder”) is often translated with a consideration of existing religious traditions. (Click or tap for details)

Bratcher / Nida (1961) say this:

“However, rather than borrow local names for priests, some of which have unwanted connotations, a number of translations have employed descriptive phrases based on certain functions: (1) those describing a ceremonial activity: Pamona uses tadu, the priestess who recites the litanies in which she describes her journey to the upper or under-world to fetch life-spirit for sick people, animals or plants; Batak Toba uses the Arabic malim, ‘Muslim religious teacher;’ ‘one who presents man’s sacrifice to God’ (Bambara, Eastern Maninkakan), ‘one who presents sacrifices’ (Baoulé, Navajo (Dinė)), ‘one who takes the name of the sacrifice’ (Kpelle, and ‘to make a sacrifice go out’ (Hausa); (2) those describing an intermediary function: ‘one who speaks to God’ (Shipibo-Conibo) and ‘spokesman of the people before God’ (Tabasco Chontal).”

In Obolo it is translated as ogwu ngwugwa or “the one who offers sacrifice” (source: Enene Enene), in Mairasi as agam aevar nevwerai: “religious leader” (source: Enggavoter 2004), in Ignaciano as “blesser, one who does ritual as a practice” (using a generic term rather than the otherwise common Spanish loan word sacerdote) (source: Willis Ott in Notes on Translation 88/1982, p. 18ff.), and in Noongar as yakin-kooranyi or “holy worker” (source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang).

For Guhu-Samane, Ernest Richert (in The Bible Translator, 1965, p. 81ff. ) reports this: “The [local] cult of Poro used to be an all-encompassing religious system that essentially governed all areas of life. (…) For ‘priest’ the term ‘poro father’ would at first seem to be a natural choice. However, several priests of the old cult are still living. Although they no longer function primarily as priests of the old system they still have a substantial influence on the community, and there would be more than a chance that the unqualified term would (in some contexts particularly) be equated with the priest of the poro cult. We learned, then, that the poro fathers would sometimes be called ‘knife men’ in relation to their sacrificial work. The panel was pleased to apply this term to the Jewish priest, and the Christian community has adopted it fully. [Mark 1:44, for instance, now] reads: ‘You must definitely not tell any man of this. But you go show your body to the knife man and do what Moses said about a sacrifice concerning your being healed, and the cause (base of this) will be apparent.'”

For a revision of the 1968 version of the Bible in Khmer Joseph Hong (in: The Bible Translator 1996, 233ff. ) talks about a change in wording for this term:

​​Bau cha r (បូជា‌ចារ្យ) — The use of this new construction meaning “priest” is maintained to translate the Greek word hiereus. The term “mean sang (មាន សង្ឃ)” used in the old version actually means a “Buddhist monk,” and is felt to be theologically misleading. The Khmer considers the Buddhist monk as a “paddy field of merits,” a reserve of merits to be shared with other people. So a Khmer reader would find unthinkable that the mean sang in the Bible killed animals, the gravest sin for a Buddhist; and what a scandal it would be to say that a mean sang was married, had children, and drank wine.

See also idolatrous priests.

complete verse (Ezra 2:36)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Ezra 2:36:

  • Kupsabiny: “The priests who returned are these:
    The descendants of Jedaiah (through the house of Jeshua) are 973,” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Here is the list of the names of priests who returned —
    Descendants of Jedaiah (through the lineage of Jeshua) — 973” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon:

    These are the descendants of the priests who returned from captivity:

    Descendants of Jedaya (from the family of Jeshua) 973
    Imer 1,052
    Pashur 1,247
    Harim 1,017

    (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)

  • English: “Priests who returned:
    973 – descendants of Jedaiah (that is, those from the family of Jeshua)” (Source: Translation for Translators)

Translation commentary on Ezra 2:36 - Ezra 2:39

The next part of the list records the numbers of the priestly clans. In this list the priests are recorded after the ordinary people showing that priority is given here to the laity. This list is repeated three times in all, twice in Ezra (2.36-39 and 10.18-22) and once in Nehemiah (7.39-42).

The priests: See 1.5. Jeshua was the high priest after the exile and was already named in verse 2 above. He was of the priestly family of Jedaiah. The sons of Jedaiah, of the house of Jeshua can be understood to mean “the sons of Jedaiah, that is those from the house of Jeshua” (compare 1 Chr 24.7). The house of refers to the descendants of someone, as Good News Translation makes explicit. The number in verse 36 refers to the number of people from Jedaiah’s priestly family who returned after the exile, and translators may make this explicit as Good News Translation has done.

Quoted with permission from Noss, Philip A. and Thomas, Kenneth J. A Handbook on Ezra. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 2005. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .

SIL Translator’s Notes on Ezra 2:36

2:36 The priests: The descendants of Jedaiah (through the house of Jeshua), 973;

¶ There were nine hundred and seventy-three (973) priests descended from the clan of Jedaiah, through the sub-line of Jeshua,
-or-
¶ ⌊This is the list and/with the numbers of⌋ the sacrificers ⌊who returned⌋. From the family of Jedaiah, through/from his descendant Jeshua, there were nine hundred and seventy-three ⌊sacrificers who returned⌋.
-or-
¶ ⌊These are the numbers of⌋ the priests ⌊who returned, according to their clans/families⌋. 973 ⌊priests returned⌋ who were descendants of Jeshua. Jeshua’s ancestor was Jedaiah.

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