angry

The Hebrew, Greek and Latin that is translated as “(was or became) angry” in English is translated in Kwere as “saw anger.” In Kwere, emotions are always paired with sensory verbs (seeing or smelling or hearing). (Source: Pioneer Bible Translators, project-specific translation notes in Paratext)

In Bariai it is “to have grumbling interiors” (source: Bariai Back Translation).

See also anger and feel (terror, pain, suffering, anxiety).

anger

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The Hebrew, Latin and Greek that is translated as “anger” or similar in English in this verse is translated with a variety of solutions (Bratcher / Nida says: “Since anger has so many manifestations and seems to affect so many aspects of personality, it is not strange that expressions used to describe this emotional response are so varied”).

  • Chicahuaxtla Triqui: “be warm inside”
  • Mende: “have a cut heart”
  • Mískito: “have a split heart”
  • Tzotzil: “have a hot heart”
  • Mossi: “a swollen heart”
  • Western Kanjobal: “fire of the viscera”
  • San Blas Kuna: “pain in the heart”
  • Chimborazo Highland Quichua: “not with good eye”
  • Chichewa: “have a burning heart” (source: Mawu a Mulungu mu Chichewa Chalero Back Translation) (see also anger burned in him)
  • Citak: two different terms, one meaning “angry” and one meaning “offended,” both are actually descriptions of facial expressions. The former can be represented by an angry stretching of the eyes or by an angry frown. The latter is similarly expressed by an offended type of frown with one’s head lowered. (Source: Graham Ogden)

In Akan, a number of metaphors are used, most importantly abufuo, lit. “weedy chest” (the chest is seen as a container that contains the heart but can also metaphorically be filled with other fluids etc.), but also abufuhyeε lit. “hot/burning weedy chest” and anibereε, lit. “reddened eyes.” (Source: Gladys Nyarko Ansah in Kövecses / Benczes / Szelid 2024, p. 21ff.)

See also God’s anger and angry.

Judah, Judea

The name that is transliterated as “Judah” or “Judea” in English (referring to the son of Jacob, the tribe, and the territory) is translated in Spanish Sign Language as “lion” (referring to Genesis 49:9 and Revelation 5:5). This sign for lion is reserved for regions and kingdoms. (Source: John Elwode in The Bible Translator 2008, p. 78ff. and Steve Parkhurst)


“Judah” and “Judea” in Spanish Sign Language, source: Sociedad Bíblica de España

For more information on translations of proper names with sign language see Sign Language Bible Translations Have Something to Say to Hearing Christians .

See also Judah, Judah (son of Jacob) , and Tribe of Judah .

Ephraim

The Hebrew and Greek that is transliterated as “Ephraim” in English is translated in Spanish Sign Language with the sign for “palm tree” referring to the palm of Deborah in the land of Ephraim (see Judges 4:5. (Source: Steve Parkhurst)


“Ephraim” in Spanish Sign Language, source: Sociedad Bíblica de España

For more information on translations of proper names with sign language see Sign Language Bible Translations Have Something to Say to Hearing Christians .

For Deborah, see here.

More information about Ephraim and the Tribe of Ephraim .

army

The Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek and Latin that is translated as “army” in English is translated in Chichewa as “group of warriors.” (Source: Mawu a Mulungu mu Chichewa Chalero Back Translation)

complete verse (2 Chronicles 25:10)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of 2 Chronicles 25:10:

  • Kupsabiny: “Then Amaziah released the soldiers coming from Ephraim to return home. Those soldiers of Ephraim were angry towards the people of Judah and they went home being very angry.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “So to the army whom [he had] brought by giving wages, Amaziah gave the order to go back home. When that happened they became very angry at the men of Judah. Being angry they went back home.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “So Amazia have the soldiers of/from-Efraim go-home. They went-home very angry with Juda.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “So Amaziah told those soldiers from Israel to return home. They left to go home, but they were very angry with the king of Judah for not allowing them to stay and fight.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

Translation commentary on 2 Chronicles 25:10

Then Amaziah discharged the army that had come to him from Ephraim, to go home again: The common Hebrew conjunction at the beginning of this verse may be rendered Then or “So” (Good News Translation). Either interpretation is possible. Revised Standard Version focuses on the time relationship, that is, the events of verse 10 follow those of verse 9. However, Good News Translation focuses on the result that is stated in verse 10. Discharged is literally “divided” or “separated” (An American Translation). For Ephraim see the comments on 2Chr 25.7. Bible en français courant says “the kingdom of the North.” A possible rendering for this whole sentence is “Then Amaziah told the troops from the northern kingdom to return to their homes” or “So Amaziah sent the Israelite troops back to their homes.”

And they became very angry with Judah, and returned home in fierce anger: The expressions they became very angry and in fierce anger refer to the same emotion of anger, but the first one has to do with its beginning while the second one underlines its continuation. They became very angry is literally “their nose/anger burned greatly” (see the comments on 1 Chr 13.10 for this idiomatic expression), and in fierce anger is literally “in the burning of anger.” Bible en français courant translates Judah as “the kingdom of Judah.” Home is literally “to their own place.” A possible model for this whole sentence is “So they started being angry with the people of Judah, and they continued to be very angry when they returned home.”

Quoted with permission from Omanson, Roger L. and Ellington, John E. A Handbook on 1-2 Chronicles, Volume 1. (UBS Helps for Translators). Miami: UBS, 2014. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .