Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 1:20:
Uma: “He called them to follow him. So they left their father in the boat with the people with them who were employed [lit., who ate salary], and they followed Yesus.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “Immediately they were called by Isa and asked by him to come along (lit. taken/carried by him). So-then they left their father in the boat and the people they were employing, and they followed now Isa.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And when Jesus saw them, he called them to come with him, and then they left their father and their hired netters in the boat, and they went with Jesus.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “Jesus immediately-called them, and they left their father and the men he was salarying in the boat, and they went-with Jesus too.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “They were also called by Jesus. Those two also followed (right behind) Jesus. As for their father, he was there still in the boat, left. Just his people/workers were his companions.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Shipibo-Conibo: “Then they left their father Zebedee seated in the canoe. Together with the workers they abandoned him. Having abandoned him, they went together behind Jesus.” (Source: James Lauriault in The Bible Translator 1951, p. 32ff. )
Balinese: “Then He called them too and they followed in Jesus’ steps. Their father Zabdi was left behind by them in the boat with the people that receive wages.” (Source: J.L. Swellengrebel in The Bible Translator 1950, p. 75ff. )
English translation by Michael Pakaluk (2019): “So he called them right then and there. And so they left their father Zebedee in the boat with the hired hands, and, taking a place behind him, they walked away.”
Following are a number of back-translations of 1 Timothy 1:20:
Uma: “Two whose faith is wrecked are Himeneus and Aleksander. Those two I hand over to the power/authority of the King of Evil-ones in order that he punish them, in order that they no longer belittle God with their evil teaching.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “Like that are Himunus and Iskandal and some others also. I have abandoned them to be carried/influenced by the leader of demons so that they learn a lesson that they should not speak-evil-against God.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Among these are Hymenaeus and Alexander. I have turned them over to Satan so that they might be taught that they cannot speak in rejection against God.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “Two of them, (they) are Himeneus and Alexander whom I have turned-over to Satanas so that they will learn-thereby not to speak-evil-about God.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “I mean by that, ones like Himeneo and Alejandro whom I have punished. My punishment of them is, it’s like I have returned them to the controlling of Satanas, so that hopefully, through what they will experience, they’ll just be taught that they are indeed not to stand up for those wrong teachings which are like insulting God.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Tenango Otomi: “This is what was done by Hymenaeus and Alexander. These two men I delivered to the devil so that they would realize what they are doing. Because it is not good to speak evil of God in their talking.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 2:43:
Uma: “Many powerful things and amazing signs were done/made by the apostles of Lord Yesus. That’s why the crowds were very much afraid.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “Many works of power and works causing-wonder were done by the persons/men commissioned by Isa, that’s why the people really feared God.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “There were many miracles and signs which were done by means of the apostles. That’s why the people were filled with the fear of God.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “There were many amazing miracles that God was having-the apostles -do, and the many-people were greatly amazed.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “Many were the signs which were amazing things which the apostles were being able to do, that’s why everybody respected/honored God with fear.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Morelos Nahuatl: “All the people feared God. They wondered because God helped the apostles to do inexplicable deeds and marvels.”
Metlatónoc Mixtec: “Each one of them was awed because many miracles and signs there were that those who bore the Word of God did.”
Desano: “Many people respected them and the chosen ones of God did many things by the power of God.” (Source for this and two above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)
Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 2:7:
Uma: “‘How dare that person talk like that! [lit., That person is so daring to talk like that!] He wants to make his life the same like the life of God! There is no one who can forgive sins, just God alone.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “‘Uy!’ they said. ‘He speaks as if he is God. Who can forgive sins except (lit. if not) God only.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “‘This man talks as if he can forgive sins. He has transgressed against God, because who can forgive sins if not God alone?'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “‘Why did he say that? This person is making-himself -equal to God. Because who do-you-suppose (rhet. question) has authority to forgive sins if not God only?'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “‘Why does this fellow speak like this, making-himself-God, for isn’t it so that only God is able to forgive sin?'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Kim text for oral translation: “As Jesus knows the thoughts of people, when he understood that they think in their heart like that, he said to them: ‘You think word like that in your hearts why?‘” (Source: Bayamy Tchande Awakde in The Bible Translator 2025, p. 23ff.)
English translation by Michael Pakaluk (2019): “‘How can he talk like that? He is blaspheming. Who has the power to forgive sins except God alone?'”
Following are a number of back-translations of 1 Timothy 4:1:
Uma: “The Holy Spirit tells us clearly what will happen in the coming days. At that time, some people will retreat from their faith in the true teaching. They will submit to influences/spirits that lead-astray and they will follow teaching that is from demons.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “Really clear is what the Spirit of God said that in the future there will be people who reject/turn-their-back-on the true teaching. What they will listen to are the demons and they will follow their teachings.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “The clear teaching of the Holy Spirit is that in the future at the last time there will be people who will not believe the true teaching, but rather, what they will obey is what is given in inspiration by lying spirits. They will obey what evil spirits teach them” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “It is clear what the Holy Spirit has made-known that in a future day there will be those who abandon the correct faith, because they will believe habitually-lying and crafty demons and they will follow what they teach.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “This which the Espiritu Santo is telling is really clear that, in the future time, some will drop/give-up their belief in the truth concerning Jesu-Cristo. What they will then follow/obey is, teaching which fools and leads astray, which has no other origin than the evil-ones/spirits.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Tenango Otomi: “The Holy Spirit plainly tell us about the word, that when it is coming to the last day, there will live people who will separate from their faith. The false teachers whom the devil puts into their minds what they teach are the ones whom they will follow.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 4:2:
Uma: “The Saduki people did not believe that the dead will live again. That’s why they were very angry hearing Petrus and Yohanes teaching the people that Yesus lived again, because that teaching of theirs made clear that dead people would live again.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “They were very angry because Petros and company were teaching the people, affirming strongly that because Isa was/is alive again, the dead would/will also be alive again in the future.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And as for these leaders, they were angry at Peter and company for teaching the people that the resurrection of Jesus is proof that people will be raised from the dead in the future.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “They became/had-become-angry because plural Pedro were teaching that Jesus lived again, therefore all who die will also live.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “They really couldn’t accept what those two were doing teaching the people and saying that Jesus had been made alive again, and that is what gives testimony that people will indeed be made alive again.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Chuj: “Those rulers became angry, because Peter and John were teaching the people. Peter and John were telling out that the dead will come alive again like Jesus came alive again.” (Source for this and above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)
Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 3:11:
Uma: “People who were possessed by evil spirits came too. When they saw Yesus, immediately knelt down in front of him, and shouted, they said: ‘You are the Child of God!'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “And whenever he was seen by people possessed by demons, they threw (themselves) down before him and shouted/screamed, they said, ‘You are the Son of God.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And as for the demons, when they saw Jesus they knelt down before him crying out saying, ‘You really are the Son of God!'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “The people also who were possessed by evil-spirits, when they were seeing Jesus, they were kneeling face-down before him while-simultaneously also the evil-spirits were making-them-scream, saying, ‘You (sing.) are the Child of God!'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “Each one who was possessed by an evil spirit who saw him, he went down prone in front of him. They were being caused by those evil spirits to cry out, saying, ‘You are the one who is the Son of God!'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Ocotlán Zapotec: “Those who had demons in their hearts knelt down before him and the demons cried out: ‘You are the only Son of God.'” (Source: B. Moore / G. Turner in Notes on Translation 1967, p. 1ff.)
Following are a number of back-translations of 1 Timothy 5:17:
Uma: “Religion leaders whose leading is good, it is very appropriate that they be given salary twice as much as other people, especially the leaders who teach and announce the words of the Lord.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “About the elders made leaders in the prayer-house if their holding/governing of the ones trusting in Isa Almasi is good, they are worthy of being made-big/honored and being paid well especially the ones who industriously proclaim and teach/preach the message of God.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “The elders whose leading of the believers is good, you must consider them worthy of having their salary doubled. Especially those who have much work in preaching and teaching.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “Concerning again the leaders whose leading of the believers is good/thorough, you should count them as worthy to be acknowledged and properly salaried, especially those who are industrious to preach and teach.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “As for those overseers of the believers whose overseeing is done well, what is really fitting for them is, honor them with a bigger salary, especially the teachers of the word of God.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Tenango Otomi: “The men who lead the work there where the believers gather must be respected very much by the people. But the people must have the greatest respect for those who put their hearts to working at the teaching the word of God.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
