Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 23:10:
- Noongar: “The Chief Priests and Law Men, they stepped forward and strongly accused Jesus.” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
- Uma: “The leading priests and religion teachers were also there, their words were very harsh accusing Yesus to Herodes.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “Then the leading priests and the teachers of the law went closer and made their accusations of Isa strong.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And then, as for those chief priests and teachers of the Law, they came near and their breath was very hot in their accusing Jesus (they were very vehement in accusing Jesus).” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “The leaders of the priests and the teachers of the law, they also even-more-strongly accused him.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tagbanwa: “Those chiefs of the priests and explainers of law, they were there too. And they really were insistent now, continually bringing out things which they had against Jesus.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 23:43:
- Noongar: “Jesus said to him, ‘Truly, I tell you this day, you will be with me in Heaven.'” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
- Uma: “Yesus said to him: ‘Truly I say to you (sing.): today you (sing.) will be with me in Firdaus.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “Isa said to him, ‘Truly I tell you, this day we (dual) will be there together in heaven.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And Jesus said to him, ‘What I say to you is really true, that today you and I will be together in the land of those made immortal.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “And Jesus said to him, ‘This that I tell you (sing.) is true. This day (lit. today day) you (sing.) will join me in heaven.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tagbanwa: “Replying, Jesus said, ‘What I will say to you really is true, that this very day you will be my companion later-today in heaven.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 24:20:
- Noongar: “Our Chief Priests and other leaders sent him to get the death sentence, and he was crucified.” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
- Uma: “The leading priests and the elders of our town gave him to the government/rulers in order that he be condemned to death. After that, they really did crucify him.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “Our (excl.) leading priests and the leaders of our (excl.) country handed him over to the governor and he was judged to be killed, and then they nailed him onto the post so that he died.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “The chief priests and our elders, they turned him over to Pilate, and he was sentenced to death, and then they killed him by nailing him to a cross.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “But the leaders of the priests and those who rule us, they filed-charges against him so he would die and they had-him -nailed to the cross.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tagbanwa: “He was handed over by the chiefs of the priests and the important tribal-leaders to the governor so that he would be sentenced to death. Well what else but he was nailed to a cross.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 24:52:
- Noongar: “They gave great praise to Jesus, and went back into Jerusalem, and great joy filled them.” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
- Uma: “They knelt down worshipping him, and their hearts were very glad to go back to Yerusalem.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “They prostrated there before Isa and then they returned to Awrusalam. They were very glad,” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And they worshipped him and they were much full of joy as they returned to Jerusalem.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “They praised/worshipped him and then they returned to Jerusalem with great happiness.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tagbanwa: “When they observed that it was like that now, they worshipped him. And then they returned to Jerusalem with very happy minds/inner-beings.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
The Greek, Latin, Ge’ez, and Hebrew that is translated with “joy” or “gladness” in English is translated with various strategies:
- Baoulé: “a song in the stomach” (see also peace (inner peace))
- Bambara: “the spirit is made sweet”
- Kpelle: “sweet heart”
- Tzeltal: “the good taste of one’s heart”
- Uduk: “good to the stomach”
- Mískito: “the liver is wide open” (“happily letting the pleasures flooding in upon it”) (source for this and above: Nida 1952)
- Mairasi: “good liver” (source: Enggavoter 2004)
- Noongar: koort-kwabba-djil or “heart very good” (source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
- Chicahuaxtla Triqui: “refreshed heart” (source: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.).
See also Seat of the Mind for traditional views of “ways of knowing, thinking, and feeling,” happiness / joy, and exceeding joy.
Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 1:22:
- Noongar: “When he came out, he could not speak, and so they knew he had seen a vision inside the Temple. He gestured, not speaking.” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
- Uma: “When he appeared outside, he was no longer able to speak to them. He could just gesture/make-hand-signals and he definitely could not talk. That is why the people knew that there was something he had seen inside the House of God.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “When he came out he couldn’t speak to them, therefore they knew that he had seen something appearing to him there in the temple. He just signaled/made signs to them because he was now dumb.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And when he came out he could no longer speak to the people/them, and they knew from that that God had shown him something there inside the church for he could no longer speak, he just made signs to the people and from that time onward he was deaf-and-dumb.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “When he then emerged, he made-signs to them because he was not able-to-speak, and that’s how-they -knew that God had shown him something inside.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tagbanwa: “When Zacarias came out, he truly was dumb. Sign-language was his communicating with those people there outside. Therefore they realized that there was something God has caused Zacarias to see there inside. Well, from then on, Zacarias truly was dumb.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 1:54:
- Noongar: “He keeps his word, everything he told our ancestors, and he comes and he helps his people of Israel.” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
- Uma: “He shows his love to us (incl.) descendants of Israel, his slave long ago. He helps us (incl.) like he promised to our (incl.) ancestors long ago. He does not forget his promise to Abraham and his descendants forever.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “God helps his servant, the tribe of Isra’il. He does not forget his covenant that he will be merciful to us (incl.).” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “,” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “He has fulfilled what he promised to our ancestors and he has been helping us Israelita who serve him.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tagbanwa: “God is really helping his people who are the descendants of Israel, for he is always remembering his promise to our (incl.) forefathers.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 2:8:
- Noongar: “In that country, shepherds were working outside in the night, looking after their sheep.” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
- Uma: “Outside Betlehem town, there were several shepherds. While they were taking care of their sheep in the fields that night,” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “Na, that night there were caretakers of sheep in that place staying awake to watch their crowds/flocks of sheep in a grassy-place in open-country.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And on that night, nearby that town, there were some people in the pastures because they were pasturing their domestic animals which were sheep.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “During that night, there were people in the pastureland who were guarding their sheep.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tagbanwa: “That night, there were some shepherds guarding their sheep there at the feeding area.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)