The Hebrew in Genesis 49:12 that is translated as “his eyes are darker than wine” or similar in English is translated in Kutu as “his eyes are redder than wine.”
“To say someone has ‘dark’ eyes here is a very negative thing. (…) [Here it is understood] that they are talking about abundance of wine and milk and people eyes are bloodshot from drinking much wine and the teeth are healthy from much milk.” (Source: Pioneer Bible Translators, project-specific translation notes in Paratext)
The Hebrew that is translated as “bronze altar” in English is illustrated for use in Bible translations in East Africa by Pioneer Bible Translators like this:
Image owned by PBT and Jonathan McDaniel and licensed with the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.
(Pioneer Bible Translators and The Word for the World use the following introduction in many of their translation projects around the world.)
The book of Judges tells of Israel’s history after their initial conquest of the land of Canaan. It was a period of repeated rebellion and deliverance. The Israelites usually began to serve idols, and so God would raise up other nations to oppress them. Then the people would cry out and return to God, and so God would raise up leaders, called ‘judges,’ to lead and deliver the people from oppression.
No one is certain who the author of Judges is. Many traditionally believed that it was written by the prophet Samuel. We can be confident that this book was written during the time when Israel was ruled by a king. We believe this because the author refers to a time when Israel had no king (17:6, 18:1, 19:1, and 21:25). If the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt was around 1,400 B.C. (see the Introduction to the book of Exodus for more information) it would mean that the events of Judges occurred from around 1300 B.C. until 1050 B.C. when Saul became king.
Outline:
1. Chapters 1 through 3:6 tell of the final battles with the Canaanites after Joshua died. It also introduces the time of the judges when God raised up leaders who led and saved Israel.
2. Chapters 3:7 through 16:31 explain about the various judges God raised up to help Israel.
3. Chapters 17 through 21 speak of other rebellions of the Israelites.
Le livre des Juges raconte l’histoire de l’Israël après sa première conquête de la terre de Canaan. C’était une période de rebellions et de délivrances constantes. D’habitude, les Israélites commençaient à servir des idoles, et donc Dieu soulevait d’autres pays afin de les opprimer. Puis le peuple criait à Dieu et retournait à Dieu, et Dieu donc élevait d’autres dirigeants qu’on appelait “Juges” pour guider et délivrer le peuple de l’oppression.
On ne connaît pas définitivement l’identité de l’auteur du livre des Juges. Beaucoup ont traditionnellement cru qu'il avait été écrit par le prophète Samuel. On peut affirmer avec confiance que ce livre a été écrit à l’époque où l’Israël avait déjà un roi parce que le livre précise plusieurs fois que l’Israël n’avait pas de roi pendant cette époque (17:6, 18:1, 19:1, et 21:25). Si l’exode des Israélites de l’Égypte remontait à environ 1.400 ans avant J-C (voir l’introduction au livre de l’Exode pour de plus amples informations) cela signifierait que les événements du livre de Juges s’étaient passés entre 1.300 et 1.050 ans avant J-C, la date de l’accession du roi Saül.
Résumé
1 Les chapitres 1 jusqu’au chapitre 3:6 racontent les dernières batailles avec les Cananéens après la mort de Josué. On introduit aussi l’époque des juges où Dieu a soulevé des dirigeants qui ont guidé et ont sauvé l’Israël.
2 Les chapitres 3:7 au chapitre 16:31 racontent l’histoire des divers juges que Dieu a soulevés afin d’aider l’Israël
3 Les chapitres 17 au 21 parlent d’autres rebellions des Israélites.
Translation: Swahili
Utangulizi wa Waamuzi
Kitabu cha Waamuzi ni simulizi ya kipindi cha historia kilichofuata baada ya Waisraeli kuivamia na kuimiliki nchi ya Kanaani. Kilikuwa ni kipindi cha maasi kilichofuatiwa na vipindi vya adha, mateso, kukandamizwa, na kisha kuokolewa. Waisraeli kwa kawaida wangeanza kuabudu miungu ya sanamu, kisha Mungu angeinua mataifa mengine yaje na kuwakandamiza. Baada ya hapo watu wangelia na kumrudia Mungu, na hapo Mungu angeinua viongozi walioitwa ‘waamuzi’, ili kuwaongoza watu na kuwatoa katika utumwa na maonevu.
Hakuna aliye na uhakika wa nani hasa aliyekiandika kitabu cha Waamuzi. Watu wengi kwa kufuata mapokeo fulani fulani waliamini kwamba nabii Samweli ndiye aliyekiandika. Twaweza kuwa na uhakika kabisa kwamba kiliandikwa katika wakati ambapo Israeli walikuwa tayari wana mfalme; kwa kuwa kitabu kinaangalia nyuma na kusema kuhusu nyakati za Waamuzi kwamba nyakati zile Israeli hawakuwa na mfalme (17:6, 18:1, 19:1, na 21:25). Ikiwa kama kipindi cha Waisraeli kutoka Misri kilitukia takribani kwenye mwaka 1400 K.K (angalia Utangulizi wa Kutoka kwa habari zaidi), basi inawezekana matukio ya Waamuzi yalitokea kati ya miaka ya 1300 hadi 1050 K.K wakati Sauli aliposimikwa kuwa mfalme wa Israeli.
Muhtasari wa Yaliyomo:
1. Sura 1 hadi 3:6 zasimulia habari za vita za mwishoni kati ya Waisraeli na Wakanaani baada ya kifo cha Yoshua. Pia zura hizi zinafungua pazia kutambulisha kipindi cha Waamuzi pale Mungu alipoinua viongozi walioongoza na kuwaokoa Israeli kutoka mikononi mwa adui zao.
2. Sura 3:7 hadi 16:31 zinaeleza habari za Waamuzi mbalimbali walioinuliwa na Mungu kuwasaidia Israeli.
3. Sura 17 hadi 21 zinaeleza habari za maasi mengine ya Waisraeli.
(Pioneer Bible Translators and The Word for the World use the following introduction in many of their translation projects around the world.)
The Gospel according to Luke is one of four books in the New Testament that describe the life of Jesus Christ. Each one of them is called a “gospel,” which means “good news.” They were written after Jesus’ death by Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. Luke not only wrote the story of Jesus’ life, but he also wrote about the things Jesus’ disciples did after his death and resurrection, a book called Acts of the Apostles. No one knows the exact time that The Gospel according to Luke was written or where it was written, but most scholars agree that it was probably written around 70 years after the birth of Christ.
The author is Luke, who was a medical doctor. His way of writing and using language shows that he was an educated man. Luke wanted to write a correct description of the life of Jesus, telling the events in the way they happened, so that others could benefit from reading it (1:1–3). He was not Jewish (Colossians 4:10–14) and he wrote in a way that non-Jewish people could understand. This is clearly seen in the way he explains Jewish customs (1:8).
The Gospel according to Luke is very similar to the books of Matthew and Mark, because they describe the same things and in a similar way. Among the three books, Luke gives the most details about the birth of John the Baptist. Luke also emphasizes forgiveness (verses 3:3, 11:4, 17:3–4, 23:34, 24:47) and prayer (verses 3:21, 5:16, 6:12, 11:1–12, 22:32).
Outline:
1. In chapter 1:1-4, Luke introduces his Gospel and explains why he wrote it.
2. Then he describes the birth of Jesus and how He was prepared for ministry (1:5-4:13).
3. For the biggest part of the rest of the Gospel (4:14-21:38), Luke tells about the work that Jesus did, especially the miracles He performed and the things He taught.
4. Finally, in the last three chapters (22-24), he describes how Jesus died, was buried, and rose from the dead.
L’évangile selon Luc est un des quatre livres du Nouveau Testament qui décrivent la vie de Jésus-Christ. Chacun s’appelle un « évangile », ce qui veut dire « bonne nouvelle ». Ils ont été écrits après la mort de Jésus par Mathieu, Marc, Luc et Jean. Non seulement Luc a écrit sur la vie de Jésus, mais il a aussi écrit sur les choses que les disciples de Jésus ont faites après sa mort et sa résurrection, un livre qui s’appelle les Actes des apôtres. Personne ne sait exactement le temps dans lequel l’évangile selon Luc a été écrit ni où il a été écrit mais la plupart des experts sont d’accord qu’il a été écrit probablement environ 70 ans après la naissance de Christ.
L’auteur est Luc qui était médecin. Sa façon d’écrire et d’utiliser la langue montre que c’était un homme instruit. Luc voulait écrire une description correcte de la vie de Jésus en relatant les événements tels qu’ils s’étaient déroulés afin que d’autres personnes puissent bénéficier de sa lecture (1 :1-3). Il n’était pas juif (Colossiens 4 :10-14) et il a écrit de telle façon que les non-juifs puissent comprendre. Ceci apparaît clairement dans la manière qu’il décrit les coutumes juives (1 :8).
L’évangile selon Luc est très semblable aux livres de Matthieu et Marc parce qu’ils décrivent les mêmes choses et d’une manière semblable. Parmi les trois livres, Luc donne le plus de détails sur la naissance de Jean-Baptiste. Luc met aussi l’accent sur le pardon (chapitres 3 :3, 11 :4, 17 :3-4, 23 :34, 24 :47) et sur la prière (chapitres 3 :21, 5 :16, 6 :12, 11 :1-12, 22 :32).
Résumé
1. Dans le chapitre 1 :1-4 Luc introduit son évangile et explique pourquoi il l’a écrit.
2. Il décrit ensuite la naissance de Jésus et comment il a été préparé pour le ministère (1 :5-4 :13).
3. Dans la plus grande partie du reste de l’évangile (4 :14-21 :38) Luc raconte le travail que Jésus a accompli, surtout les miracles qu’il a faits et les choses qu’il a enseignées.
4. Finalement dans les trois derniers chapitres (22-24) il décrit comment Jésus est mort, a été enseveli et a été ressuscité d’entre les morts.
Translation: Swahili
Utangulizi wa injili kama ilivyoandikwa na Luka
Injili kama ilivyoandikwa na Luka ni kitabu kimojawapo kati ya vitabu vinne vya Agano Jipya vinavyoelezea maisha ya Yesu Kristo. Kila kimojawapo kinaitwa “injili” neno lenye maana “habari njema.” Hivi ni vitabu vilivyoandikwa baada ya kufa kwa Yesu, navyo ni Mathayo, Marko, Luka na Yohana. Luka hakuandika masimulizi juu ya maisha ya Yesu tu, bali pia aliandika juu ya mambo ambayo wanafunzi wa Yesu waliyafanya baada ya kufa na kufufuka kwake. Kitabu hicho huitwa Matendo ya Mitume. Hakuna ajuaye tarehe kamili ilipoandikwa Injili kama ilivyoandikwa na Luka, wala mahali ilipoandikwa. Wasomi wengi hukubaliana kwamba iliandikwa mnamo mwaka 70 baada ya kuzaliwa Yesu Kristo.
Mwandishi wake alikuwa ni Luka, aliyekuwa tabibu. Umahiri wa uandishi wake na utumiaji wa lugha vinadhirisha kwamba alikuwa mtu mwenye elimu. Luka alitaka kuandika maelezo sahihi juu ya maisha ya Yesu kwa kusimulia kama vile yalivyotokea ili wengine wafaidike wayasomapo (Luka 1:1-3). Luka hakuwa Myahudi (Wakolosai 4:10-14), na aliandika kwa namna ambayo wale wasio Wayahudi wangeelewa. Jambo hili linadhihirika wazi anapozielezea desturi za Kiyahudi (Luka 1:8).
Injili kama ilivyoandikwa na Luka ni kitabu kinachofanana na vitabu vya Mathayo na Marko, kwa vile vitabu hivi husimulia mambo yale yale katika njia inayofanana. Kati ya vitabu hivi vitatu, kitabu cha Luka ndicho pekee husimulia habari za kuzaliwa kwa Yohana Mbatizaji kwa kina zaidi. Luka anakazia msamaha (3:3, 11:4, 17:3-4, 23:34) na maombi pia (3:21, 5:16, 6:12, 11:1-12, 22:32).
Muhtasari
1. Katika sura ya 1:1-4 Luka anatoa utangulizi wa Injili yake na kueleza sababu ya kuiandika.
2. Kisha anaeleza habari za kuzaliwa kwa Yesu na jinsi alivyotayarishwa kwa ajili ya huduma (sura 1:5-4:13).
3. Katika sehemu kubwa ya Injili inayobakia (sura 4:14-21:38) Luka anasimulia kazi ambazo Yesu alizifanya, hasa miujiza aliyotenda na mambo aliyofundisha.
4. Katika sura tatu za mwisho (22-24), anasimulia jinsi Yesu alivyokufa na kufufuka kutoka kwa wafu.
The Hebrew that is translated as “perversion,” “depravity” or something alike in English is translated in Kwere as chilozo, meaning “that which is not wanted,” which means that which is unusual or out of the norm. (Source: Pioneer Bible Translators, project-specific translation notes in Paratext)
The Hebrew in 2 Samuel 3:2 that is translated as “(sons) were born to David” or similar in English is translated in Vidunda as “(sons) were born to David’s wives,” to make it sound more natural. (Source: Pioneer Bible Translators, project-specific translation notes in Paratext)
The Hebrew in 2 Kings 2:9 that is translated as “let me inherit a double share of your spirit” or similar in English is translated in Kutu as “give me a great portion of your spirit.” (Source: Pioneer Bible Translators, project-specific translation notes in Paratext)
The Hebrew in Genesis 49:11 that is translated as “choice vine” or similar in English is translated in Mwera as “chosen branch of best fruiting.” (Source: Pioneer Bible Translators, project-specific translation notes in Paratext)
