Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Luke 20:16)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 20:16:

  • Noongar: “He will come and kill these people and he will give the orchard to other tenants to use.’ When people heard this story, they said, ‘Surely, this cannot happen!'” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “Definitely he will come kill them, and give his field/garden to other people.’ When the people heard this parable, they said: ‘Let it notreally happen like that!'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “He will go there and kill the caretakers and will give his vineyard to others to take care of.’ When the people heard this they said, ‘God forbid.’ (lit. may God send it far away)” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “What he’s going to do is, he will come to those people whom he had take care of the field and he will kill them, and he will allow the field to be in the charge of some other people.’ And when the people who were listening to Jesus heard this, they became very sad and they said, ‘God would not do that!'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Indeed he will go then and kill them so that he will then also cause-what was planted -to-be-taken-care-of by other people.’ When the many-people heard that, they said, ‘Oh come on! (lit. Please forbid) May nothing like that happen!'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “He himself will now go there, for he will wipe out those he’d left in charge. And he will cause his ubas plantation to be tended by other field-workers.’ Well since the people understood what was alluded to in that illustration Jesus gave, they said, ‘Hopefully that indeed won’t happen!'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (1 Corinthians 9:11)

Following are a number of back-translations of 1 Corinthians 9:11:

  • Uma: “We(excl.) are the ones who distributed soul food to you, relatives. So if for example you give us (excl.) body food, is that too much salary for us (excl.)?” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “We (excl.) here have preached to you the message of God. Like those people who plant, we (excl.) have like planted the message of God in your thinking. Therefore it is right for you to give-us-our-(excl.)-expenses.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And in the same way also, the thing we planted there to you, it has value forever. And is it not possible that we should expect something from you to live on which only has value here on the earth?” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Therefore we (excl.) also who planted spiritual seed in your location, is it perhaps excessive if we (excl.) harvest from you our (excl.) living?” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Well, as for us (excl.), it’s like we planted among you far-from-ordinary seed, that being what led you to trust and believe/obey Cristo. Therefore is it not possible/acceptable that we be given a share in the like harvest of that hard-labor of ours in that you just take care of us with respect to our daily needs?” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Concerning the word of God we spoke there where you live, it is like we planted a field with that word. And now, do you want to hold back from helping us in what we need?” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Luke 21:1)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 21:1:

  • Noongar: “Jesus watched everything, and he saw rich people. They were bringing their money and putting the money putting into the money box at the Temple,” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “In the House of God, Yesus saw rich people putting money into the box for putting-in worship-offering money.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Then Isa looked and he saw the rich people dropping the money they were giving to God into the container there in the temple.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And Jesus saw the rich people dropping their offerings in the offering holder,” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Then Jesus looked-up and he saw rich-people putting their money in the place-for-inserting money in the Temple.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “While Jesus was still there in the Templo, looking around, he saw the rich dropping into the dropping-place the money which they were giving to the Templo.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (1 Corinthians 10:16)

Following are a number of back-translations of 1 Corinthians 10:16:

  • Uma: “When we drink wine to remember the blood of Kristus that was poured-out on the cross, we say thank you to the Lord God, and we drink it together. Isn’t that a sign that we are Kristus’s people, whom he redeemed with his death? And when we distribute the bread and eat it together to remember Kristus dying on the cross, isn’t that a sign that we are portions of the body of Kristus?” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “When we (incl.) gather to remember the death of Isa Almasi we (incl.) drink from the glass, the one we (dual) have given thanks for to God as a sign that we (dual) are one already with Almasi because of his blood that was spilled. Likewise the bread that is broken. We (dual) eat that bread as a sign that we (dual) belong now to Almasi.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “As for us (incl.) believers, when we gather together in order to carry out the remembering the death of Christ, there is that which we drink which we give thanks for to God. This is a symbol that we have been cleansed by the blood of Christ (the word cleansed here, is a word referring to what any kind of a sacrificial sacrifice does, that is, what the blood of sacrificial offering does, and it, in Manobo culture, removes evil). And the bread which we break and we eat, this is our sharing in the body of Christ.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “When we join-in-taking-communion (makikumulgar), when/if we drink from what is in the glass for-which-we -give-thanks to God and we also eat from the bread that has been broken-into-pieces, we join-in-experiencing/sharing the blessing that comes-from the blood and body of Cristo, isn’t that so?” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “For is it not so that when we give thanks to God for what we drink when we eat-the-communion-meal, what it means is that we are one mind/inner-being-entity joining-in-fellowship with Cristo, for we have a share in the good which will be ours because of his blood which was shed? And also when we eat the bread which is broken-up, like that too, we are one mind/inner-being-entity joining-in-fellowship with Cristo for we have a share in the good which will be ours because of his body which was sacrificed.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “When we ask God to bless the cup when we have the Holy Supper, does it not signify that those people who drink it are the people for whom Christ’s blood flowed there on the cross in order to save them? And concerning the bread which we break in order to eat, does it not signify that all who eat it are the people for whom Christ gave up his body there where he was killed to save them.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Luke 21:33)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 21:33:

  • Noongar: “Sky and Earth will go away, but my Word will not go away.” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “The sky and world will be-destroyed. But my words will stay-the-same until forever.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “The sky and the earth will simply pass but as for my word it will really not move.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “The heavens and the earth may go out of existence; however, what I said will not go out of existence for ever.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “What is above (i.e. in the sky) and this earth will cease-to-exist, but my words however will remain forever.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “The time will come when the sky/heaven and world will be removed, but there really is no removing of my words, all will be fulfilled.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (1 Corinthians 11:15)

Following are a number of back-translations of 1 Corinthians 11:15:

  • Uma: “But if a woman has long hair, we say it’s good. Her long hair is her beauty [emphatic], for long hair is given to women as their veil.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “but as for a woman, she is really beautiful if she has long hair. She is given long hair for her cover.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “However, if the woman’s hair is long, that’s very nice to see. The reason God gave her long hair was in order to be a covering for her head.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Even according to the original thinking of people, we understand that it is fitting if a woman’s head is headclothed. Because if a man’s hair is very-long, he is caused-shame, but if by-contrast a woman’s hair is very-long, that’s what makes-her -more-beautiful, because that’s what God gave her as a covering for her head.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “but for a woman, it is to her praise? It pleases God for women to have long hair, for that is what he gave them for like a build-in veil. Especially so when you gather together in his presence, it pleases him for the women to have a veil for their face.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “But concerning woman, it is looked well upon if women have long hair. Because her hair is like a covering on the head.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Luke 22:27)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 22:27:

  • Noongar: “Who is the greatest? The person sitting eating? Or the person giving him his food? Truly, the one sitting. But I sit among you like a person working for you.” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “I ask you first: who is of highest rank? The one who sits eating, or the one who serves? Certainly the person who sits. But here am I in the midst of you like a person who serves you.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Who is greater, the one sitting down and eating or the one serving him? Is it not the one sitting and eating? But I am here with you like a servant.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Now for example, who is the greatest? Is it the one who sits down to eat, or is it the servant who serves him? Well certainly the one who is greatest is the one who sits down; but in spite of that, I your master, I am like a person who serves you.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Who perhaps is the higher, the one who sits to eat or the one who serves him? The one who is served who eats, is it not so? But here I am serving you like a servant.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “For who is more important, the one sitting at the eating-place or the waiter? Isn’t it so that it’s the one being served? But I who am your Lord am here among you like your servant.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • German New Testament translation by Berger / Nord (publ. 1999): “You can see that clearly: He who serves at the table stands, and he who lets himself be served lies down. Is the one who lies down greater? I am among you as your servant.”

complete verse (Matthew 1:22)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 1:22:

  • Uma: “All that happened to fulfill what the Lord said with the lips of his prophets long ago, like this:” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Na, all this happened so that it would be fulfilled what God had said to Nabi Isaya in old times, he said,” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “The reason these things happened to Mary and Joseph is because it was a fulfillment of what the Lord said long ago through his prophet who said,” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “All this happened so that thus would be fulfilled what the Lord God had-caused-a prophet -to-say saying,” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “All this happened so that what God had caused a prophet to say would be fulfilled, which was,” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Thus happened all these things in order that there come about the word God put in the mind of his spokesman to say:” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)