Language-specific Insights

complete verse (1 Timothy 2:2)

Following are a number of back-translations of 1 Timothy 2:2:

  • Uma: “for king(s) and-including [lit., until] all governing ones. We must pray for them, so that our lives be quiet and there be nothing/no-one that persecutes/bothers us, so that we can have-opportunity to worship God and always do deeds that are fit to be honored by others.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “for those who rule and for all people who have authority so that it is peaceful and good in our (incl.) places/lands and so that we can respect/honor God and have good behavior.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “They must also pray for kings and for all who have authority so that our (incl.) life might be fruitful and that there might be no trouble as we (incl.) thoroughly carry out the will of God and proper behavior.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “We are also to pray for kings and all others whose rank/status is high so that our lives will be peaceful in our serving God and in our following a correct behavior.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Pray to God for the officials who govern the land and others with important responsibilities/jobs, so that we can live our lives peacefully, that we can really follow/obey the will of God, and behave correctly toward our fellowman.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “They should pray to God for rulers. They should pray for all the people who have been given positions of authority. Because all of us want that we live in good circumstances without anything wrong, so that we may freely worship God and so that we can live good lives.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Acts 2:44)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 2:44:

  • Uma: “All of those believers in Yesus, they were united/agreed. Their belongings they had in common.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “All who trusted in Isa were together, and whatever they had they shared/gave to each other if someone was in need.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “The unity of the believers was strong. That person who had possessions, he gave also to his companions.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “All the believers were continuing to meet-together and share-with-each-other their possessions.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “As for the believers, what they did was, they were always/often gathering together and they were all really harmonious. They didn’t hold-back any of their possessions which were needed by their sibling in believing.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Chuj: “All of them who had believed in Jesus were united in mind. Everything of theirs, one only they treated it (as common property).”
  • Isthmus Mixe: “The ones who had believed were working together. They owned everything together.”
  • Eastern Highland Otomi: “All that believed followed one another and what they had they gave to one another.”
  • Lalana Chinantec: “All the people who believed the words of God were continually coming together; they were very kind to their companions. They never reserved for themselves all of their things.” (Source for this and three above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)

complete verse (1 Timothy 4:3)

Following are a number of back-translations of 1 Timothy 4:3:

  • Uma: “They teach that people should not marry and not eat what is forbidden/taboo. Yet all that food was created by God to be eaten. We who believe in Kristus and who already know the true teaching, we can eat that food and say thank you to God.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “These religious-teachers teach that a person sins ko’ when he marries (lit. mag-husband or mag-wife). They also say that there are some foods, we (dual) are not able to eat. This their teaching is wrong because all this food was created by God. As long as we (incl.) thank God we (incl.) can eat any food, we (incl.) the ones who trust Isa Almasi and know the true teaching.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “They will teach that God has forbidden marriage, and they will say that there are also some foods which are forbidden. But as for these foods, God created them to be eaten by us (incl.) believers who understand the true teaching. It is necessary that we thank God when we eat them.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “These people, they forbid getting-married and they also say that some foods are forbidden, but as for God, he created these kinds of food so that we who believe in Cristo and know the true teaching will eat (them) when we have given-thanks to him.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “They put-out that it is not acceptable to marry, and there are foods which they-say aren’t acceptable to eat. Whereas the truth is, all food was created by God. Therefore we who believe in him and have really comprehended the truth, it’s acceptable for us to eat all of these giving thanks for them to him.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “These teachers tell the people that there isn’t permission for people to marry. And they tell the people that not all things can be eaten. And yet it is God who determined when they eat whatever they eat.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Acts 4:3)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 4:3:

  • Uma: “That is why they caught/arrested those two apostles, and they put them in jail. Because it was almost dark, that is why they detained them there until the next morning.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Therefore, they seized Petros and Yahiya. Because that was already evening/late afternoon, they imprisoned them until the morning.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And they arrested Peter and John, and since it was already quite late in the afternoon, they put them in prison because they would have them wait until morning.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “That being so, they held-them -tightly and took them to the prison so that on the next day (lit. its-tomorrow) they would then try them, because it was already getting-to-be-night.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Therefore what those who had arrived did was, they arrested Pedro and Juan, and because it was already late afternoon, they just jailed them. They would interrogate them next day.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Sierra de Juárez Zapotec: “They put them in jail the night before hearing the complaint against them because it was late in the day when they laid hold on them.”
  • Desano: “They put them in jail and left them there because it was already very late in the day, and they were going to bring them out the next day.”
  • Lalana Chinantec: “They put them in jail for one night, because it was nightfall-there was no longer time to judge them.” (Source for this and two above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)

complete verse (Mark 3:12)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 3:12:

  • Uma: “But he strongly forbade them, that they not say who he was.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “But Isa really instructed the demons commanding them not to tell the people who he was.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Jesus scolded the demons and he told them that they should not let it be known that he was the Son of God.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “But Jesus was emphatically commanding them that they not be telling concerning him.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “But Jesus told them to stop, telling them emphatically that they not tell who he was.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (1 Timothy 5:19)

Following are a number of back-translations of 1 Timothy 5:19:

  • Uma: “If there is a religion leader that is accused-of-wrong, don’t immediately accept that accusation. Only if it is witnessed to by two or three people should you accept it [lit., and then you accept it].” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “If for example someone accuses one of your (pl.) elders, don’t heed/pay attention to his accusation if there are not two or three who can witness to his sin.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Do not listen to a person who accuses the elders of the believers if there are not two or three who can testify to the accusation.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “If there is something of which they accuse a leader of the believers, don’t (sing.) listen-to-it unless there are two or three people who testify.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Don’t too-readily believe what others bring an accusation about against one of the overseers, but on the contrary only if there are two or three witnesses who testify.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “If there is accused a person who leads at the church and if there are not two or three witnesses to testify concerning the accusation, then do not pay attention to the accuser.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Acts 4:35)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 4:35:

  • Uma: “And the money from the sale they took and handed over to the apostles of Lord Yesus. That money they divided to whomever had need.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “to the commissioned ones. And the money was divided among them to help the need of each one.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “and he gave the proceeds to the apostles and the apostles gave to anyone who was in difficulty.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “and they were-turning-over the price of it to the apostles so that they would then distribute it to the other believers according to the needs of each one.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “they would take it to the apostles. And then the apostles would distribute it to those believers who were in difficulty.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Mark 4:9)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 4:9:

  • Uma: “After Yesus spoke that parable, he said to them: ‘Whoever of you has ears, listen well!'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Na,’ said Isa, ‘amey-amey (strong injunction) listen if something is said to you.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And Jesus said again, ‘You must understand this which you have heard.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Jesus concluded saying, ‘You who are listening, think-about what you have heard.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Jesus added on, saying, ‘Well since what ears are for is to listen with, it’s necessary that you listen well to this which I am saying.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)