Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Revelation 18:21)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 18:21:

  • Uma: “After that, a strong angel lifted a big stone, bigger than a rice-mortar, he threw it into the sea, he said: ‘Like this stone is thrown into the sea, and is no longer found again, like that also the big village of Babel will be destroyed all-at-once, it will no longer be built again.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “After this, there was a very strong angel, he grabbed a very huge stone like a millstone, and he threw it in the sea. He said, ‘Like that also will be the force of ‘fragmentation’/making into fragments of the famous city of Babilon and it will never, never be seen again.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And then there was a powerful angel who lifted a stone as big as a stone grindstone, and he threw it into the sea, and he said, ‘Like this the great city of Babylon has been thoroughly destroyed. It will never again be seen by anyone.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “After-that there was a strong angel who hefted a large stone like the largest mortar, and he threw it in the ocean saying, ‘Like this is what will happen to the great city Babilonia, because it will be thoroughly destroyed and will not again be erected.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “And then there was a far-from-ordinary angel who fetched one rock which was really big. He threw it into the ocean, speaking at the same time, saying, ‘Like this is the force of the destruction of the famous city of Babilonia. It will really never be seen again.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Then an angel, who was very strong, picked up a large stone that was very heavy, like a milling stone. He threw it into the sea. And he said: ‘Just like the stone here now cannot be seen, it will be like this concerning the city of Babylon. It will never be seen again.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Romans 14:12)

Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 14:12:

  • Uma: “So, every one of us must answer God’s questions about our behavior.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “So-then all of us (incl.) ought/must tell to God about what we (incl.) have done here in the world.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And at that time, we (incl.) will have to be before God and He will check up on us and we will have to tell Him about everything that we did here on the earth.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Therefore God is the one each one of us will face so that we will tell him what we have done.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Therefore at that time each one of us will give account to God concerning how we have lived.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
  • Huehuetla Tepehua: “Each of us will really tell God what we have done here in this world.”
  • Central Tarahumara: “Thus it is very sure that each one of us will confess to God how we ourselves have done.”
  • Isthmus Zapotec: “That is the way it is: God is the one to show the deeds of each one.”
  • Teutila Cuicatec: “Because of this we knew that God will have to judge each one of us.” (Source: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)

complete verse (Luke 14:15)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 14:15:

  • Noongar: “One man sitting among them, he heard this and he said, ‘They will be very happy! These people will sit feasting in the Kingdom of God!'” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “While they were eating, a guest heard the words of Yesus and he said to him: ‘Blessed/fortunate is the person who attends the feast in the Kingdom of God.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “One of those eating there, when he heard those words of Isa he said, ‘The people who eat at the feast in the ruling of God are really glad/happy.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And then one of the men who was sitting near Jesus, when he heard that teaching of Jesus he said, ‘How happy those people will be if they are able to stand in the future, that feast where all the people eat whom God rules over!'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “When one of those eating-with heard that advice of Jesus, he said to him, ‘Yes really, I-agree, extremely fortunate is the one who will eat in the ruling-place of God.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “There was one of the companions of Jesus eating there at that eating-place who spoke, after hearing that which Jesus said. He said to Jesus, ‘The one who gets to join in the celebration there in the kingdom of God will really be able to be happy!'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Revelation 20:8)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 20:8:

  • Uma: “and he goes to deceive people all over the world, who are figuratively-named God and Magog. The King of Evil-ones gathers them to fight. Their amount is like sand on the seashore.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “And he will come out to go and deceive the tribes that are scattered over the four corners of the earth. They are called Gog and Magog, that means enemies of God. The leader of demons will gather all those people so that they will fight. There will be very many people like the sand at the seashore.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “He will come out so that he might deceive Gog in the land of Magog, which is to say, the people in all the kingdoms on all the earth. Satan will gather them together to fight against God. They will be very many for they are like the sand on the shores of the sea.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “and he will go deceive those designated as Gog and Magog who are the collective-people in the collective-towns/countries at the four corners of the world. He will gather-them -together to go wage-war. Their number (lit. manyness), it is like the not countable sand on the shore of the ocean.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “What else but he will continue on again with that activity of his of deceiving the people. He will go to all the nations here under the heavens. He will-round-up-to-join-him Gog and Magog, which means, those nations. Really the number of these who will be rounded up by Satanas, they are like sand on the beach. He will gather all these together and they will go to fight.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Again he went to deceive the people who live all over the world. these are the people who are named Gog and Magog. He gathered the people to make war against God. Very many people did he gather, it was like as many as grains of sand in the sea.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Romans 15:21)

Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 15:21:

  • Uma: “I want to fulfill the words of the Holy Book that say: ‘People who have not yet been announced-to, they will know who he is. People who have not yet heard his news, they will hear and understand the news.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “It is fulfilled already what has been written in the holy-book, saying, ‘The people who have not been told eventually will know about him. And the ones who have not been able to hear, they will understand about him.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “I have fulfilled the written word of God which says, ‘Those people who have not yet heard His name, they will know just the same who He is. And those who have not yet been told, there will be a time when they at last, will understand.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “What I have been doing is based on the written word of God which says, ‘Those who haven’t heard concerning him, they will see him and they will understand concerning him.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “I am doing like the word in the Holy Book says: ‘Those people who have never heard God’s word will hear. Those people who have never been told about it will be told.'” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

For the Old Testament quote, see Isaiah 52:15

complete verse (Luke 15:12)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 15:12:

  • Noongar: “The young son said to him, β€˜Father, give me now my share of the property!’ So his father shared his property among his two sons.” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “One said to his father: ‘Dad, give me ahead-of-time my portion of your (sing.) goods.’ So, he really divided his goods to his two children.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “One day the younger one said to his father, ‘Father, divide now your wealth and give me my share.’ So it was like that, the person divided his wealth between his two children.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And the younger said to his father, ‘Father, give me my share of all of our (incl.) possessions.’ And that was that, and the father divided up his possessions among these two sons.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “The younger-one said, ‘Father, I will please get my inheritance.’ So then their father divided-up the inheritance of the brothers (lit. their inheritance who were brothers).” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “The younger one spoke, saying, ‘Father, please give me my share now of the inheritance.’ Well, without anything further, their father truly did divide his belongings/assets.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Revelation 21:25)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 21:25:

  • Uma: “The doors of the village were open continually all day long, there was never any time they were shut [lit., there was not its being shut], because there was no longer any night.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “The doors of that city are open all day long. They are never closed because there will be no night there.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “The gates of the city are never closed at any time, because when it’s daytime they are open and there is no night there.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “All the entrances of the town are always open, because they are-never -closed in the daytime and it absolutely never becomes-night.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “The gates of this city are always open because it won’t become night/dark any more there.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “The gates of the city are open all the day. For there is no night there.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Romans 16:20)

Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 16:20:

  • Uma: “I cry-out to God who gives us peace [goodness of life] that he quickly defeat and destroy the power of the King of Evil-ones in your lives. The grace [white insides] of our Lord the Lord Yesus Kristus arrive to you relatives. Amin!” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “God, the one who gives us (dual) peace, not long (and) he will help you so that you defeat the leader of demons. May Isa Almasi our (incl.) Leader care for you.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And if this is what happens, as for God who is the source of peace, He will quickly see to it that Satan is thoroughly defeated by you. May our Lord Jesus Christ show His favor to you.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “It will not be long before (lit. and) God who gives peace will thoroughly defeat Satanas so that we will step-on him. May Jesus our Lord show-kindness/grace to you all.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “God is able to cause that the persecution will pass by and there will not be opposition. Concerning the devil who wants to separate the people, God will cause that his word will be grounded. I want that our Lord Jesus Christ will bless you.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)