Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Romans 10:8)

Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 10:8:

  • Uma: “Musa also says like this: ‘The News of the Lord is just close-by, it is on our lips and it is in our heart.’ This [cataphoric] is the news that we announce to all people, the news of faith:” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Because it is said in the holy-book, ‘God’s message is there with you already. You are able to/can speak it and put it away/store it in your livers.’ That means the message we (excl.) proclaimed to you about how God forgives and considers straight the ones who trust Isa Almasi.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “For there is another written word of God which tells us that it is very easy for us to believe in the word of God, as for the word of God, it is already here with us, and it’s possible for us to tell it to other people. And as for this word of God about believing in Christ, this is also what we preached.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Because God’s word is near you. It is in your minds and you can tell-about it.’ This word of God is what we (excl.) are preaching concerning faith saying:” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Now it isn’t necessary that you search about this word concerning how people’s sins are cleared. Because the word is written which says: ‘This word now, is not far from you. You are now speaking this word. It is in your hearts now’ it says. This word it is speaking of is the word I tell you to believe in.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
  • Highland Totonac: “But what does it say? It says that God’s word, it is already close by, even so that you can say it and you can store it in your heart. It is this same word that we preach to you about faith.”
  • Huehuetla Tepehua: “Well, what does the word of God say about the straight life? This is what it says: The word about the straight life isn’t hard to find. Just say it with your mouth and believe it with your heart. That word that I told you when I said that it is necessary for you to have confidence in Christ.” (Source for this and above: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)

complete verse (Luke 12:13)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 12:13:

  • Noongar: “Among the crowd, one man said to Jesus, ‘Boss, tell my brother to share everything our father gave us after he died.'” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “There was a person from the midst of the people who said to Yesus: ‘Teacher, tell my relative to please give me my share of the inheritance [from] our (excl.) parents.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Then there was one from the crowds who spoke. He said to Isa, ‘O Sir, tell my older sibling that he should share the inheritance from our father with me.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And then there was a man of those people gathered there, and he said, ‘Chief, you’re the one who knows how to handle my older brother, so that he will share with me the possessions that were left to us by our father who has now died.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Then a man who was gathered-with the many-people said, ‘Sir teacher, please tell my sibling to share with me our (excl.) inheritance.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “There was a person there in that crowd who asked Jesus for help. ‘Teacher,’ he said, ‘instruct my brother to give (me) my share of our (excl.) inheritance.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Revelation 15:1)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 15:1:

  • Uma: “After that I also saw in the sky there was a big and very surprising sign: seven angels with the final seven kinds of tortures. With this torture, the anger of God being angry at the people of the world is over.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “After this, I saw another/different sign in the sky that was very amazing and very frightening. There were seven angels carrying seven different kinds of disaster. Those disasters are the final ones because when they are finished God’s anger will be over/finished.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Then I saw in heaven another great miracle which is a shadow of that which will happen. There were several angels, and each one of them was carrying that with which he will torment mankind. And when this has taken place then will be finished God’s punishment on earth for them.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “When that was finished, I saw another amazing sign in heaven. There were seven angels to whom were entrusted seven hardships. These are the last hardships, because they are the ending-place of the punishment that God will cause-to-arrive on the earth.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “When I next looked into heaven, what I saw was another sign which was a real amazement. For there were seven angels, bringing seven kinds of epidemic. These are the final epidemics for this is the final-part of the anger of God.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “I saw in heaven another sign which was very awesome. I saw seven angels, each one carried a calamity which he would cause. When these seven disasters will have occurred, then there will have occurred all the punishment God will give.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Romans 11:19)

Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 11:19:

  • Uma: “And don’t say/think in your hearts: ‘ It’s us (excl.) [emphatic] that God likes, because he discarded some of the Jews so that we (excl.) could take their place.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Perhaps you (pl.) say, ‘That is true, but they have been cut off by God and we (excl.), the not Yahudi, were joined to substitute for them.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And it’s possible that someone will say, ‘As for us who are not Jews, we are greater because God has put us in place of the Jews.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Now there may perhaps be someone among you who will answer-back saying, ‘Yes, OK, but some of the branches were cut-off so that we (excl.) could take-their-place.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Do you suppose that you are better than the Jews? Do you suppose the branches of the good tree were broken off so that you could be joined to the good tree? No, not that.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Luke 12:45)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 12:45:

  • Noongar: “But if this servant says to himself, ‘My master is a long time coming back’, and if he begins to hit the other servants, the men and also the women, and eating and drinking and getting drunk,” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “But disaster will [come] to the slave who slaves: ‘The nobleman will not soon come.’ He begins to beat/strike his fellow slaves, woman or man, and he continually eats and drinks to the point of drunkenness.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “But if for example that servant says in his liver, that it is still a long time till his master comes, and then he beats his fellow servants including the women and that is what he does he feasts and has drinking-parties and gets drunk,” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “But pity him if what is in his thinking is that his master will be a long time coming home, and he beats his fellow servants, women and men, and the only thing he does is to eat and drink and get drunk.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “But if for-example that servant is evil, he says to himself, ‘My master’s return will probably still be a long-time-away.’ And he repeatedly-hardships his fellow slaves who are men or women and meanwhile eats-and-eats, drinks-and-drinks and gets-repeatedly-drunk.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “But supposing the nature/ways of that slave are evil, what is in his mind is, ‘Probably it will be much longer before my master returns.’ Well, what he will do is he will keep causing-hardship/suffering to his fellow slaves, female and male. And he will do nothing else but eat only and get drunk.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Revelation 17:4)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 17:4:

  • Uma: “As for the woman, her clothes were all the best/fanciest: bright red and purple [lit., grayish like new mango leaves], decorated with gold and pearls and expensive rocks. She held a golden cup filled with a drink that is forbidden because it is evil and disgusting. That drink means her shameful and not-fitting deeds.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “That woman was dressed in purple and red, covered with jewelry, precious stones and pearls. She carried a golden cup full of the uncleanness/dirt and filth of her immorality.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And as for that woman, she was clothed with expensive red and purple cloth. Her body was decorated with pearls, and expensive stones, and gold. There was in her hand a golden cup full of wine which is the vulgar, filthy deeds of her prostitution.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “The clothes of the woman, they were red and blue (loan asul, closest color to purple) like clothes of a ruler. She was also decorated-all-over with gold and valuable stones and pearls. She was holding a gold cup full of the nauseating/repulsive and filthy things she had done.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “The clothing of that woman was red and really ornate like the clothing of a king. Gold and expensive mined stones and far-from-ordinary beads were the decoration of her body. She was holding a gold cup which was full of the filthy and disgusting things of that habit of hers which was like that.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Concerning the woman her clothing was purple and red. The clothing had ornaments of gold, with little stones which were beautiful and stones named pearls. She held a bowl made of gold. All kinds of evil filled the bowl, because the woman was guilty of fornication.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Romans 12:15)

Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 12:15:

  • Uma: “Be happy together with people who are happy, weep with people who weep.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Be joyful/glad together with those who are joyful/glad and grieve together with those who grieve.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “If there is a person and he has a cause for rejoicing, let us also rejoice because of his joy. And if there is a person who has a cause for sorrow, be sorrowful also because of his sorrow.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Be-happy-with those who are happy, and mourn/be-sorrowful-with those who are mourning/sorrowful.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “When there is occasion for your fellowman to rejoice, also you rejoice. When your fellowman is crying, also cry with him.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Luke 13:18)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 13:18:

  • Noongar: “Jesus asked, ‘What of the Kingdom of God? What can I say it is like?” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “From there, Yesus said: ‘When God becomes King in the world, how will it happen? Its happening, is like this parable:” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Isa said still more, he said, ‘What shall we (incl.) compare the ruling of God over his people to? What is my parable for it?” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Now Jesus also taught another parable, he said, ‘What is a good thing to which to liken the increase of the people whom God rules over?” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Then Jesus said, ‘What perhaps will I use-as-a-parable/comparison of the ruling of God? What is it like?” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Jesus spoke again, saying, ‘What is the kingdom of God like? To what shall I compare it?” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)