Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Luke 11:27)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 11:27:

  • Noongar: “After Jesus said this, a woman among the crowd said to Jesus, ‘How happy, the woman who bore you and breast-fed you!'” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “While Yesus was speaking, a woman in the midst of the people said loudly: ‘The woman who bore you (sing.) and nursed you (sing.) is indeed very blessed/fortunate!'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Then, when Isa had just finished saying that, a woman from the crowds spoke loudly, she said, ‘Really very happy is the woman who gave birth to you and who nursed you.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And then, when Jesus had finished saying that, there was there a woman who said loudly, ‘How big the joy is of the woman who gave birth to you and who nursed you!'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Upon Jesus’ saying that, there was a woman who was-included-with the many-people who raised-her-voice saying, ‘The one who gave-birth-to and nursed you (sing.) is surely fortunate indeed!'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “What Jesus was saying hadn’t yet ended when a woman in that crowd voiced, saying, ‘The woman can really be happy who was-pregnant-with you and who nursed you!'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Revelation 13:2)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 13:2:

  • Uma: “I saw that animal, its appearance was like the animal called a leopard [Indonesian: macan tutul], but its feet were like the feet of a bear [Indonesian: beruang], and its snout/mouth like the snout of a lion [Indonesian: singa]. The dragon gave the animal his own strength, with his government, and his very big power/authority.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “This creature that I saw had a face like a wild-cat (katuli’) and was very big. His feet were like the feet of the animal bear (banuwang) his claws were big and sharp and his mouth was like a lion’s mouth. The dragon gave his power to this creature and he was given authority to rule on the earth.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “That beast which I saw was like a leopard, and his feet were like the feet of a bear, and his mouth was like the mouth of a lion. The power of the dragon and his authority to rule and his power to control, he gave to the beast.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “His appearance was like a leopard (Eng. loan), but his feet were like the feet of a bear (Eng. loan) and his mouth was like the mouth of a lion (layon). The dragon, he gave to the fearsome animal his power and his great (lit. high) authority to rule.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Like a big wild-cat called leopardo was the body of that monster which I saw. His feet/legs and claws were like those of a wild animal of the forest called oso. His mouth was like the mouth of a leon. The dragon gave all his authority and his kingship to that monster, including his far-from-ordinary means/ability.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “I saw that this terrible animal appeared like a tiger. It had feet like the feet of a bear. Its mouth was like the mouth of a lion. The other terrible animal which was red, that is the devil, caused that the terrible animal which came out of the sea have his power. He gave him his chair to sit on, to rule over those whom the devil ruled.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Romans 9:33)

Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 9:33:

  • Uma: “That stumbling of their is foretold beforehand in the Holy Book long ago. God said like this: ‘Really-really I say: The king I have placed on Sion Mountain I compare-figuratively to a stone. Many people stumble at that stone with the result they fall-flat. But whoever believes in Him, they will not be-made-to-fall.’ [a term used when someone you were counting on "lets you down"]” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “God hep says in the holy-book, ‘There at the town Siyon I place a stone for the people there to stumble against so that they fall-over. But whoever trusts in this stone they will not regret because of their trust in him.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “For there is a written word of God which says, ‘I will place there in the town of the Jews, which is Zion, a stone. The people will accidentally kick against this and stumble. However, if there’s anyone who trusts in this stone, the place where he ends up will be very good.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “This is what that which God caused-to-be-written is talking-about which says, ‘Look, I have erected a stone in Zion which people will be-offended-at and will stumble-over. But whoever believes in him will absolutely not be shamed.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “There in the Holy Book is written the word which God said: ‘I will put in Sion a stone on which people will stumble. It will be a rock that causes people to fall. But whoever will believe in this stone, never will he have reason to say that it was bad for him to believe.'” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
  • Huehuetla Tepehua: “Just like it says in God’s Word where it is written. This is what it says: In the town of Zion I have placed the Christ. He is like a stone that one stumbles over. And when one stumbles over him, that one is really lost. It is just as if he fell flat on the ground. But anyone who puts his confidence in the Christ won’t change his mind afterwards.”
  • Isthmus Zapotec: “As it is written on that paper where God spoke: I am placing one who will trip the Jews, the people of Zion, but those who believe him will not be disappointed.” (Source for this and above: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)

For the Old Testament quote, see Isaiah 28:16.

complete verse (Luke 12:5)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 12:5:

  • Noongar: “I will tell you the one you must fear. Fear God! After killing you, he can throw you into Hell. Truly, you must fear God!” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “Rather, what you must be afraid of is God. Because he has authority/power to kill you, and authority/power also to throw you into hell. Truly I say to you, He is the one you must be afraid of.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “But I tell you whom you should be afraid of. God is the one you should be afraid of/fear for he is not only able to kill the body but he has the power to throw your soul into hell. Yes, really, he is the one you should fear.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “I will tell you who you should be afraid of; the one you should be afraid of is God, because He can kill not only your body, but He also has authority to cast your soul into Hell. Yes, you be afraid of Him!'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “but rather be afraid of God. Because at God’s removal of a person’s breath, he also moreover has the authority to throw into hell. Therefore he emphatically is the one you are to fear.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “But now, I will tell you who you are to fear. It’s God whom you must fear. Because he is the one who, when he will reclaim your life/breath, has authority/the-right to throw you then into the fire which had no dying down. Yes indeed, he really is the one you must fear.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Revelation 14:16)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 14:16:

  • Uma: “From there the person sitting on top of the clouds really did swing his sickle and he harvested the contents of the world.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Then the one sitting on the cloud swung his sickle in the world and harvested all.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And then the one sitting on the cloud used his sickle, and he reaped the earth.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “So the one seated on the cloud went and sickled and the harvest was finished.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Therefore without anything else, he swung/waved that sickle which he was holding. All the harvest here in the world was cut down by him.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “He who sat on the cloud cut the grain there was on earth. All was gathered up.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Romans 11:11)

Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 11:11:

  • Uma: “So, most of the Jews stumbled because they do not believe. But let’s not say/think like this: they stumbled with the result that they will end up falling forever. That is not God’s purpose! From the disobedience of the Jews, people who are not Jews are given opportunity to believe in the Lord Yesus and be lifted from the punishment of their sins. In the end the Jews will get desirous, wanting to follow the example of people who are not Jews.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “If it is like that, what is the outcome/result for the tribe of Yahudi? Did God already turn-his-back-on/reject them forever because they do not trust Isa Almasi? No indeed! But because they turned-their-backs-on/rejected God so then the not Yahudi are saved/rescued first by God so that they go to heaven, in order that when the Yahudi see this, they will want to follow/obey God like the nations/tribes not Yahudi.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And my fellow Jews have stumbled because they don’t believe in Christ. However, don’t you think that it’s not possible for God to bring them back to faith. Because they would not listen to the word of God, it became possible that the people who are not Jews could be freed from punishment so that the Jews might become envious. The reason this took place is so that the Jews might return to their faith when they see that the people who aren’t Jews are being saved.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “I ask then: The stumbling of the majority of Jews, does it mean to say that they are not able-to-rise again? No, the truth of it is that because of their sin of not believing in Cristo, the Gentiles experienced being saved so that the Jews would thus be-jealous-of them, because they indeed also want to be saved.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Well then, is it that God will be separated from the Jews always? Will there never come the day when other Jews will have their souls saved? Yes, there will come the day when there will be Jews who will have their souls saved. Truly the Jews now are separated from God, but God caused that the people who are not Jews became the people of God. Because he wants that the Jews who separated from God will be jealous of the people who became the people of God.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
  • Huehuetla Tepehua: “Well now I want to ask you this. Now that the Israelites have fallen down, are they going to stay down forever? No. They will be loved again. But since they fell because they wouldn’t believe, now the other people who aren’t Israelites can be saved. In that way the Israelites will want that God do for them as he did for the other people.” (Source: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)

complete verse (Luke 12:37)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 12:37:

  • Noongar: “They are happy, these workers, because their master finds them awake and ready when he returns! I tell you, he will take off his good clothes, tell them to sit, and give them their food and drink.” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “Fortunate are the slaves whose master found them while they were guarding and waiting for his arrival. Because that nobleman will tie a sarong around his waist, cause-to-sit-down them, and serve them.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Those servants will really be happy if, when their master arrives they are still awake and are ready beforehand. Truly I tell you, that their master will seat them at the table and will serve them.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “How good is the breath of those servants when their master arrives, and they are ahead of time prepared for his arrival. It’s true what I say to you, that as for that master, he will make them sit down at the table and he will be the one to serve them.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “They are fortunate servants if their master comes-upon them waiting and ready, even if it’s the middle of the night or still later when-he-comes-home. I tell you that their master will change (clothes) and seat those servants of his in order to feed them.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “The slaves really can be happy who, on the arrival of their master, are waiting in readiness. What I will say to you really is true, that this master will serve a meal and he will cause these slaves to eat there at the eating-place, he even being the one to wait on them as they eat.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Revelation 16:20)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 16:20:

  • Uma: “At that time, all the islands in the sea suddenly disappeared/were-lost, and there were no longer any mountains.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Then all the islands disappeared and also including all the mountains disappeared.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “All islands in the sea disappeared, and all mountains also disappeared.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “All the small countries surrounded by ocean, they sank, and all mountains also, they ceased-to-exist.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “All the islands disappeared. All the mountains collapsed.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “All of the small lands in the midst of the sea and the mountains, they were not to be seen.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)