Language-specific Insights

complete verse (John 3:6)

Following are a number of back-translations of John 3:6:

  • Umiray Dumaget Agta: “That which originates from the body of a person is the body of a person. That which originates from the Spirit of God is spirit.”
  • Aguaruna: “Those born from people are people. Those born by God’s spirit, they have God’s spirit.”
  • Ojitlán Chinantec: “All the children of human beings are human beings by birth. All who are born another time, this being the work of the Holy Spirit, these are new people.”
  • Xicotepec De Juárez Totonac: “One who is a child of people, he has his flesh and bones. And one who has his new life by the power of the Holy Spirit, he has the Spirit of God.”
  • Chol: “He who is born of a mother is given a body. He who is born of the spirit is given life in his heart.”
  • Alekano: “One that people give birth to will surely have a person’s soul. One that the Spirit gives birth to, he will surely have the Spirit’s soul.”
  • Tenango Otomi: “A child, when it is born, if his parents are only people, is also only a person. But in order for a person to live anew, only the Holy Spirit can cause it.”
  • Lalana Chinantec: “People’s flesh and blood causes our flesh and blood to be alive when we are born. But the great Spirit of God causes our hearts to be alive.” (Source for this and above: M. Larson / B. Moore in Notes on Translation February 1970, p. 1-125.)
  • Uma: “Man lives in this world, and is born from his parents. But the new life of his soul he receives from the Holy Spirit.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “What is born of mankind is mankind/human. But if a person is born again from the Spirit of God, he is made a child of God.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “That which is born by means of a human is only human also, but that which is born by means of the power of the Holy Spirit, the Holy Spirit lives in him.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Because the one to whom a person gives-birth, he is humanlike (connotes limited, sinful humanity), but the one by-contrast to whom the Holy Spirit gives-birth, he is spiritual (loan naispiritoan).” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Because the one given birth to by a human, he is indeed human, a slave yet to sin. But that one who has been given birth to again, for he has been given birth to by the Espiritu Santo, he is now free from that slavery.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “A child, when it is born and his parents are only people, is also only a person. But in order for a person to live anew, only the Holy Spirit is able to cause it.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Matthew 9:21)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 9:21:

  • Uma: “On the way, a woman came getting close to him from behind. That woman had bled continually for twelve years, there was not its stopping. She said in her heart: ‘Even if I just touch his shirt/clothes, I will definitely get well.’ From there she touched/held the bottom of Yesus’ shirt/clothes.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “She said in her mind, ‘If I only touch his robe/shirt I will be well.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “When they were going, a woman came near to the back of Jesus. Now this woman had a sickness. She had been bleeding for twelve years and it wouldn’t stop. And she thought that if she could touch only the shirt of Jesus, she would get well. And then she was able to touch the hem of the shirt of Jesus.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Because she said in her mind, ‘Even if I only should touch his clothes, I will get-well.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Because (she said) to herself, ‘Even if I can brush against the clothes of Jesus, certainly this illness of mine will be cured.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “She thought to herself: ‘If I touch the clothing of Jesus, I will be healed,’ she thought.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (2 Corinthians 5:3)

Following are a number of back-translations of 2 Corinthians 5:3:

  • Uma: “Actually, we don’t want to die and leave this body. Our desire is that we will exchange this body of ours with that new body of ours.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “The reason that we (dual) want bodies like that is so that when we (dual) die our (dual) spirit/soul will not be like a person naked/clothes-fallen-off.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “For when we are raised from the dead in the future, it is necessary that we have a body.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “so that our spirits will immediately have something-to-put-on so they will not be made-naked when we leave our original bodies.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “so that when we are like clothed with that one, it won’t be said that our soul is like naked because it has no body.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “There will be a new home where we will live. We cannot say that we are without a home.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (John 4:3)

Following are a number of back-translations of John 4:3:

  • Uma: “So, when Yesus knew that the Parisi people had heard that news, he went out from Yudea land returning to Galilea land.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “When Isa knew about this talk, he left with his disciples from Yahudiya returning to the place Jalil.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “The Pharisees heard the news that Jesus was making more disciples and Jesus was baptizing more people than John was; however Jesus himself wasn’t baptizing, but it was his disciples. And when Jesus also heard this news he left the province of Judea and he returned to the province of Galilee.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “When plural Jesus came-to-know that that’s what the Pharisees had heard-reported, they left Judea in order to return to Galilea.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “When Jesus knew that, he left Judea. He and his disciples went home to Galilea.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Knowing that it was known what he was doing, Jesus left Judea to go to Galilee.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Matthew 10:15)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 10:15:

  • Uma: “Consider this: at the Kiama Day, the punishment of God punishing those people will surpass his punishment on the villagers of Sodom and Gomora long ago.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Truly I tell you that when the day is reached when God judges mankind, the judgment for the people of that town will be heavier than the judgment for the places Sodom and Gomora, the places well known for the sin of their people.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Don’t you forget this, that in the future on the day of God’s punishing, the punishment on that town will be greater than his punishment long ago on the wicked people who lived in the town of Sodom and the town of Gomorrah.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “This that I say to you is true that when the time-that-God -judges people arrives, the punishment of those who live there will be heavier than the punishment of those-from Sodoma and those-from Gomora.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “This which I will say to you is really true that at the day of judging, much heavier will be the punishment of those people in that town, far more than that experienced by the taga Sodoma and taga Gomorra.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Truly I tell you that on the day when God judges people, these people who pay no attention to you will go through more suffering of punishment than will be suffered by the people who lived in the city of Sodom and the city of Gomorrah.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (2 Corinthians 6:14)

Following are a number of back-translations of 2 Corinthians 6:14:

  • Uma: “Don’t be connected with people who don’t believe in the Lord Yesus. It just isn’t fitting. Do you think that people who do God’s will and people who reject God are just the same? Can it happen that light mixes with dark?” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Do not go along with the people who do not follow Isa Almasi, because good and bad cannot be mixed. Like light and darkness also cannot be mixed.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Brethren, don’t you marry people who are not believers in our Lord Jesus, because it’s not allowable that good and bad become one. It’s not also allowable that light and darkness be together.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Don’t marry or be-partners-with non believers because you won’t be-in-rhythm. Is it perhaps possible (expects negative answer) that a righteous and a crooked (i.e. wicked) person can be-in-harmony? Is it indeed possible (expects negative answer) that brightness and darkness can accompany-one-another?” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Brethren, is it not so that, if you use- two animals -to-plow in a single yoke, it will not work out if one is a horse, and the other is a cow? Like that also, it will not work out if believers in Cristo are-constant-companions-of those who don’t believe. For what’s this, do righteousness and evil go-together or is it like that too with light with darkness?” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “And now, do not want that you carry along the people who are not believers. Because it is by another word which the believer walks by than the word which the person who is not a believer walks by. Concerning the person who walks in all that is good, he does not do the same as does the person who walks in evil. They walk differently, just like light appears different than darkness.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (John 4:35)

Following are a number of back-translations of John 4:35:

  • Uma: “You usually say this saying [lit., golden word]: Four more months and then we will harvest. But I say to you: Look, over there [at a distance, in sight, diffuse location] is a field whose rice is gleaming so and is all ready to be harvested.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Don’t you have a saying, you say, ‘It is yet four months to the harvest?’ But I tell you,’ said Isa, ‘the harvest has already come. Look at the people who are coming here. If compared to rice, they are ripe already and ready to be harvested. It means they will soon believe in me.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “‘You say that four more months from now and then is the harvest. But if I am the one who speaks, it is already harvest now. Because look at these many people. They are like a plant that is ready for harvesting because this now is the time for them to believe in me.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “There is a saying of yours which says, ‘There are still four months, then harvest-time will arrive.’ Look (strong command) at the people who are coming. They are the ones I am comparing to ripe rice in the field, because they ought to be harvested.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Isn’t it so that you say there are still four months then it’s harvest? But this is what I say to you, it’s already like it’s harvest. For look at those crowds of people coming towards us. As for them, what they’re like are plants ready for harvest.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “You say that the harvest lacks four months. But I tell you to look at the people coming here. You will not have to wait any longer before the people will believe in me.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Matthew 11:5)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 11:5:

  • Uma: “The blind see, the lame walk straight, the lepers are cured, the deaf hear, dead people I made live again, and the Good News I announce to people whose lives are pitiful.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Tell him that the blind see already/now, the crippled walk, the lepers are healed, the deaf hear, the dead live again and the good news are proclaimed to the people who are to be pitied.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And Jesus answered, ‘Go back to John and tell him what you’ve seen that I have done and what you’ve heard that I have spoken. What you should tell him is that because of me the blind can already see, the lame can already walk, lepers are cured, and deaf people are now able to hear. I have raised the dead, and I have caused the Good News to be understood by poor people. Far better off is the person who does not doubt that I am the one God sent.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “that the blind, they are-able-to-see, the lame, they can-walk, those who have a fearful skin disease, they have-become-well, the deaf, they can-hear, the dead, they have-lived again, and the good news, it is being preached to the poor.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “that the blind can now see, the lame can now walk, the leprosy of the lepers has now stopped, the deaf can now hear, and even those already dead are living again, and the Good News is being taught to the low-class/insignificant.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Tell him that the blind now see. The lame now walk. The people whose bodies were rotting now have been healed. The deaf now hear. The dead now have been resurrected. The poor have been told the good news.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)